As amended through November 4, 2024
Rule 9 - Pleading Special Matters(a) Capacity. It is not necessary to allege the capacity of a party to take any action in a proceeding or the authority of a party to take any action in a representative capacity or the legal existence of an organized association of persons that is made a party, except to the extent required to show the jurisdiction of the court. When a party desires to raise an issue as to the legal existence of any party or the capacity of any party to take any action in a proceeding or the authority of a party to take any action in a representative capacity, the party shall do so by specific negative allegation, which shall include such supporting particulars as are peculiarly within the pleader's knowledge. (b) Fraud, mistake, condition of the mind. In all allegations of fraud or mistake, the circumstances constituting fraud or mistake shall be stated with particularity. Malice, intent, knowledge, and other condition of mind of a person may be alleged generally. (c) Conditions precedent. In pleading the performance or occurrence of conditions precedent, it is sufficient to allege generally that all conditions precedent have been performed or have occurred. A denial of performance or occurrence shall be made specifically and with particularity. (d) Official document or act. In pleading an official document or official act it is sufficient to allege that the document was issued or the act done in compliance with law. (e) Judgment. In pleading a judgment or decision of a domestic or foreign court, judicial or quasi-judicial tribunal, or of a board or officer, it is sufficient to allege the judgment or decision without setting forth matter showing jurisdiction to render it.