Terms defined by SDCL chapters 46-1 to 46-6, inclusive, have the same meanings when used in this chapter. In addition, terms used in this chapter mean:
(1) "ANSI," American National Standards Institute, Inc.;(2) "ASTM," American Society for Testing Materials;(3) "AWWA," American Water Works Association;(4) "Abandoned well or test hole," a well or test hole whose original purpose and use has been permanently discontinued, which is in such a state of disrepair that its original purpose cannot be reasonably achieved, or which is abandoned pursuant to SDCL 46-6-27;(5) "Acidizing," the process of introducing acid into an acid-soluble formation for the purpose of enlarging the pore space by dissolving the surrounding formation, removing encrustants from well screen and gravel pack, and dissolving cemented materials;(6) "Adequate well," a well constructed or rehabilitated to allow various withdrawal methods to be used, to allow the inlet to the pump to be placed not less than 20 feet into the saturated aquifer or formation material when the well is constructed, or to allow the pump to be placed as near to the bottom of the aquifer as is practical if the aquifer thickness is less than 20 feet;(7) "Adversely impacted domestic well," a well in which the pump intake was set at least 20 feet below the top of the aquifer at the time of construction or, if the aquifer is less than 20 feet thick, is as near to the bottom of the aquifer as is practical and the water level of the aquifer has declined to a level that the pump will no longer deliver sufficient water for the well owner's needs;(8) "Annular space," "annulus," the space between two concentric cylinders or circular objects, such as the space between the borehole wall and the casing or between two casings;(9) "Approved," acceptable under an applicable standard of this chapter or accepted as suitable for the proposed use by the water management board or chief engineer;(10) "Aquifer," a geologic formation, a group of geologic formations, or part of a geologic formation that contains sufficient saturated permeable material to yield quantities of groundwater to wells and springs;(11) "Artesian aquifer," a confined aquifer;(12) "Artesian pressure," the natural force which causes water in a well penetrating an aquifer to rise above the top of the aquifer and produces flowing wells when the pressure is sufficient to force the water above the land surface;(13) "Bedrock," any geologic formation or sediment of Pliocene age or older, including the following formations: Ogallala, Arikaree, Hell Creek, Fox Hills, Niobrara, Codell, Dakota, Inyan Kara, Minnelusa, Madison, and Deadwood;(14) "Bentonite," a highly plastic, colloidal clay composed largely of the mineral montmorillonite;(15) "Bentonite grout," a mixture consisting of a high solids, sodium bentonite material, approved by the chief engineer, which has been commercially manufactured and specially formulated for use as a well casing seal or to plug a borehole or abandoned well;(16) "Casing," a tubular structure, generally of metal, concrete, or thermoplastic, which is installed in the hole to maintain the well opening;(17) "Centralizer," a device used to center the casing in the hole;(18) "Cement grout," a mixture consisting of a high-sulfate-resistant type Portland cement and no more than six gallons of water for each 94-pound sack of cement;(19) "Cementing," the process of mixing and placing cement grout in a hole to prevent the vertical movement of fluids in the hole or the annulus;(20) "Clay," a fine-grained inorganic material, less than 0.0002 inches or less than 0.004 millimeters in diameter, which has very low permeability;(21) "Confined aquifer," "artesian aquifer," an aquifer in which the groundwater is isolated from the atmosphere by geologic formations of low permeability and in which the water levels of wells completed into the aquifer rise above the top of the aquifer;(22) "Diameter," the commercially designated nominal inside dimension for pipe sizes 1/8 to 12 inches, inclusive, and the outside dimension of pipe 14 inches and larger;(23) "Drawdown," the difference in levels between the static water level and the pumping or dynamic water level in a well;(24) "Driven well," a well constructed in an unconsolidated formation by driving the casing from the ground surface to the final casing depth as the well is deepened;(25) "Geophysical logging," a technique that measures a physical, chemical, or radioactive property of the subsurface, either characteristic of the formation fluid or of the formation in which the fluid occurs, such as resistivity and self-potential logging (electric logging), gamma and neutron logging (radiation logging), caliper logging, temperature logging, and photographic logging;(26) "Gravel-packed well," a well in which filter material is placed in the annular space to help prevent fine-grain sediments from entering the well and to stabilize the sediments around the well screen;(27) "Grout," a slurry which is used to form a permanent, impervious seal in the annular space or to fill and seal abandoned holes or wells;(28) "Heat of hydration," the heat evolved during the setting and hardening of Portland cement or cement grout;(29) "Horizontal closed-loop system," a continuous length of sealed pipe that is installed in trenches or ditches with the ends connected to a water-to-air heat pump allowing the system to transfer heat from the ground to the liquid in the pipe or to transfer heat from the liquid to the ground;(30) "Hydraulic collapse resistance," the capability of well casing to withstand collapsing pressure under external loads;(31) "Low permeability," permeability of .000001 centimeters per second or less;(32) "Minimum well," a well that at least meets the provisions of SDCL chapter 46-6 and this chapter;(33) "NSF," National Sanitation Foundation;(34) "Observation or monitoring well," a cased well used for measuring groundwater levels or collecting water samples;(35) "Packer," a device placed in a well for the purpose of sealing an annular space;(36) "Perforations," a series of openings in a well casing made either before or after installation of the casing to permit the entrance of water into the well;(37) "Pitless unit" or "pitless adapter," a unit or adapter designed to permit water service pipes to pass through the wall of the well casing below the frostline, to prevent entrance of contaminants, and to provide full access to the water system components within the well;(38) "Pollution source," anything that causes groundwater pollution, including the following: (a) Wastes, point source, and pollutant as defined by SDCL 34A-2-2;(b) Wastewater absorption, evapotranspiration, and graywater systems;(c) Seepage pits, cesspools, NoDak systems, mounds, and pit privies as described by chapter 74:53:01; and(d) Barnyards, barn gutters, feedlots, animal pens, and farm silos;(39) "Portland cement," a substance defined by ASTM standard C150-89 "Standard Specification for Portland Cement";(40) "Pressure grouting," the positive placement of grout by introducing the grout at the bottom of the void to be grouted;(41) "psi," a unit of pressure, pounds per square inch;(42) "Public water supply well," a well that supplies water to one or more of the following: (a) Water distribution systems as defined by SDCL 46-1-6(17);(b) Community water systems as defined by subdivision 74:04:05:01(3);(c) Water supplied from other than a common water distribution system to the public from such facilities as campgrounds, tourist attractions, roadside parks, rest areas, churches, hospitals, nursing homes, schools, or eating, drinking, lodging, and other commercial business establishments or for commercial use as defined by subdivision 74:02:01:01(1) or for manufacturing or industrial operations; and(d) Noncommunity water systems as defined by subdivision 74:04:05:01(27);(43) "Pump," equipment installed at ground surface or in a well which delivers water from an aquifer or storage unit;(44) "Sack of cement," 94 pounds, dry weight, of an approved Portland cement;(45) "Saturated material," a material whose openings or pores are filled with water;(46) "Sewer lines," buried pipe constructed and tested in compliance with ANSI/AWWA Standard C600-87, C603-90, or C900-89;(47) "Specific capacity," well yield in gallons per minute per foot of drawdown;(48) "Static water level," the depth to water measured from the ground surface; shut-in pressure measured at the ground surface;(49) "Surge," waves of pressure that are either positive, higher than the normal pressure level, or negative, below the normal pressure level;(50) "Test hole," a hole designed to obtain information on groundwater quality or geological and hydrological conditions, or both;(51) "Test well," a well constructed for aquifer testing;(52) "Thermoplastic casing," water well casing made from acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), or styrene rubber (SR);(53) "Till," unstratified glacial sediment consisting of mostly clay and silt as a matrix, with varying amounts of sand, gravel, and boulders;(54) "Top of the aquifer," the uppermost point at which saturated conditions are found;(55) "Tremie pipe," a pipe that carries grout to the bottom of the hole or well and allows placement of the grout under pressure from the bottom to the top of the hole or well; a pipe that carries gravel pack to the screened area of the well;(56) "Unconfined aquifer," "water table aquifer," an aquifer in which the uppermost groundwater surface is at atmospheric pressure;(57) "Vertical closed-loop system," a continuous length of sealed pipe that is installed in one or more drill holes for the purpose of utilizing geothermal heat;(58) "Wastewater system components," septic tank, aerobic system, vault privy, holding tank, sewer lines of tightly jointed tile or equivalent material, or nonconventional systems described or defined by chapter 74:53:01;(59) "Water/cement ratio," the gallons of mixing water used for each sack of cement;(60) "Water hammer," a momentary increase in flow or a positive surge in pressure that passes lengthwise along a pipe, usually due to sudden changes in velocity or quantity of fluid in the pipe. NOTE: Water hammer in a flowing well can occur when a valve is closed rapidly, causing the moving column of water in the well to suddenly slow or stop. The faster the water column is slowed and stopped, the greater the stress or pressure on the casing, joints, and packers and the greater the disturbance of unstable formation materials near the drill hole;(61) "Water hammer arresters," engineered mechanical devices having a cushion of air or gas permanently sealed in the unit, designed to provide continuous protection, without maintenance, against water hammer or excessive water surge pressure;(62) "Water table," the water surface in an aquifer where the pore water pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure;(63) "Water table aquifer," an unconfined aquifer;(64) "Well," as defined in SDCL 46-1-6(18), with a depth greater than the largest surface dimension;(65) "Well rehabilitation," restoration of a well to beneficial use by recasing, rebuilding, repairing, and resealing the well to provide for continued use of the well as a water supply, but not cleaning, acidizing, pump removal, or pump repair by itself; and(66) "Well screen," the intake structure of a well which allows water to enter the well and which helps prevent formation material from entering with the water.S.D. Admin. R. 74:02:04:20
SL 1975, ch 16, § 1; transferred from §§ 52:01:02:01 and 52:01:04:01, effective 7/1/1979; transferred from §§ 74:02:02:01 and 74:02:04:01, 12 SDR 50, effective 9/29/1985; 13 SDR 129, 13 SDR 141, effective 7/1/1987; 18 SDR 224, effective 7/16/1992.General Authority: SDCL 46-2-5, 46-6-6.1, 46-6-20, 46-6-27.
Law Implemented: SDCL 46-2-9, 46-6-6.1, 46-6-10, 46-6-14, 46-6-18, 46-6-20, 46-6-21, 46-6-27.
ANSI/AWWA Standards C600-87, "Installation of Ductile-Iron Water Mains and Their Appurtenances," approved June 14, 1987; C603-90, "Installation of Asbestos-Cement Pressure Pipe," approved June 17, 1990, and effective February 1, 1991; and C900-89, "Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pressure Pipe, 4 in. through 12 in., for Water Distribution," approved January 29, 1989, and effective July 1, 1989. Published by American Water Works Association, 1987, 1991, and 1989, respectively. Copies may be obtained from American Water Works Association, 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO 80235. Cost: C600-87, $12; C603-90, $8; C900-89, $12. ASTM Standard C150-89, "Standard Specification for Portland Cement," approved May 26, 1989. Published by the American Society for Testing and Materials, July 1989. Copies may be obtained from the American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103. Cost: $12.