La. Admin. Code tit. 28 § LXXXI-2709
Benchmark A. The Abilities Necessary to do Scientific Inquiry | |
SI-M-A1 | Identifying questions that can be used to design a scientific investigation. |
SI-M-A2 | Designing and conducting a scientific investigation. |
SI-M-A3 | Using mathematics and appropriate tools and techniques to gather, analyze, and interpret data. |
SI-M-A4 | Developing descriptions, explanations, and graphs using data. |
SI-M-A5 | Developing models and predictions using the relationships between data and explanations. |
SI-M-A6 | Comparing alternative explanations and predictions. |
SI-M-A7 | Communicating scientific procedures, information, and explanations. |
SI-M-A8 | Utilizing safety procedures during scientific investigations. |
SI-H-A1 | Identifying questions and concepts that guide scientific investigations. |
SI-H-A2 | Designing and conducting scientific investigations. |
SI-H-A3 | Using technology and mathematics to improve investigations and communications. |
SI-H-A4 | Formulating and revising scientific explanations and models using logic and evidence. |
SI-H-A5 | Recognizing and analyzing alternative explanations and models. |
SI-H-A6 | Communicating and defending a scientific argument. |
SI-H-A7 | Utilizing science safety procedures during scientific investigations. |
Benchmark B. Understanding Scientific Inquiry | |
SI-M-B1 | Recognizing that different kinds of questions guide different kinds of scientific investigations. |
SI-M-B2 | Communicating that current scientific knowledge guides scientific investigations. |
SI-M-B3 | Understanding that mathematics, technology and scientific techniques used in an experiment can limit or enhance the accuracy of scientific knowledge. |
SI-M-B4 | Using data and logical arguments to propose, modify, or elaborate on principles and models. |
SI-M-B5 | Understanding that scientific knowledge is enhanced through peer review, alternative explanations, and constructive criticism. |
SI-H-B2 | Communicating that scientists conduct investigations for a variety of reasons, such as exploration of new areas, discovery of new aspects of the natural world, confirmation of prior investigations, evaluation of current theories, and comparison of models and theories. |
SI-H-B3 | Communicating that scientists rely on technology to enhance the gathering and manipulation of data. |
SI-H-B4 | Analyzing a proposed explanation of scientific evidence according to the following criteria: follow a logical structure; follow rules of evidence; allow for questions and modifications; and is based on historical and current scientific knowledge. |
SI-H-B5 | Communicating that the results of scientific inquiry, new knowledge, and methods emerge from different types of investigations and public communication among scientists. |
Benchmark A. Properties and Changes of Properties in Matter | |
PS-M-A9 | Identifying elements and compounds found in common foods, clothing, household materials, and automobiles. |
Benchmark B. Motions and Forces | |
PS-M-B1 | Describing and graphing the motions of objects. |
PS-M-B2 | Recognizing different forces and describing their effects (gravity, electrical, magnetic). |
PS-M-B3 | Understanding that, when an object is not being subjected to a force, it will continue to move at a constant speed and in a straight line. |
Benchmark C. Transformations of Energy | |
PS-M-C1 | Identifying and comparing the characteristics of different types of energy. |
PS-M-C2 | Understanding the different kinds of energy transformations and the fact that energy can be neither destroyed nor created. |
PS-M-C3 | Understanding that the sun is a major source of energy and that energy arrives at the Earth's surface as light with a range of wavelengths. |
PS-M-C6 | Describing the types of energy that can be involved, converted, or released in electrical circuits. |
PS-M-C7 | Understanding that energy is involved in chemical reactions. |
PS-M-C8 | Comparing the uses of different energy resources and their effects upon the environment. |
Benchmark B. Atomic Structure | |
PS-H-B1 | Describing the structure of the atom and identifying and characterizing the particles that compose it (including the structure and properties of isotopes). |
PS-H-B2 | Describing the nature and importance of radioactive isotopes and nuclear reactions (fission, fusion, radioactive decay). |
PS-H-B3 | Understanding that an atom's electron configuration, particularly that of the outermost electrons, determines the chemical properties of that atom. |
Benchmark C. The Structure and Properties of Matter | |
PS-H-C1 | Distinguishing among elements, compounds, and/or mixtures. |
PS-H-C2 | Discovering the patterns of physical and chemical properties found on the periodic table of the elements. |
PS-H-C6 | Recognizing that carbon atoms can bond to one another in chains, rings, and branching networks to form a variety of structures. |
PS-H-C7 | Using the kinetic theory to describe the behavior of atoms and molecules during the phase changes and to describe the behavior of matter in its different phases. |
Benchmark D. Chemical Reactions | |
PS-H-D1 | Observing and describing changes in matter and citing evidence of chemical change. |
PS-H-D6 | Comparing and contrasting the energy changes that accompany changes in matter. |
PS-H-D7 | Identifying important chemical reactions that occur in living systems, the home, industry, and the environment. |
Benchmark E. Forces and Motion | |
PS-H-E1 | Recognizing the characteristics and relative strengths of the forces of nature (gravitational, electrical, magnetic, nuclear). |
PS-H-E2 | Understanding the relationship of displacement, time, rate of motion, and rate of change of motion; representing rate and changes of motion mathematically and graphically. |
PS-H-E3 | Understanding effects of forces on changes in motion as explained by Newtonian mechanics. |
PS-H-E4 | Illustrating how frame of reference affects our ability to judge motion. |
Benchmark F. Energy | |
PS-H-F1 | Describing and representing relationships among energy, work, power, and efficiency. |
PS-H-F2 | Applying the universal law of conservation of matter, energy, and momentum, and recognizing their implications. |
Benchmark G. Interactions of Energy and Matter | |
PS-H-G1 | Giving examples of the transport of energy through wave action. |
PS-H-G2 | Analyzing the relationship and interaction of magnetic and electrical fields and the forces they produce. |
PS-H-G3 | Characterizing and differentiating electromagnetic and mechanical waves and their effects on objects as well as humans. |
PS-H-G4 | Explaining the possible hazards of exposure to various forms and amounts of energy. |
Benchmark A. Structure of the Earth | |
ESS-M-A1 | Understanding that the Earth is layered by density with an inner and outer core, a mantle, and a thin outer crust. |
ESS-M-A2 | Understanding that the Earth's crust and solid upper mantle are diving plates that move in response to convection currents (energy transfers) in the mantle. |
ESS-M-A3 | Investigating the characteristics of earthquakes and volcanos and identifying zones where they may occur. |
ESS-M-A4 | Investigating how soils are formed from weathered rock and decomposed organic material. |
ESS-M-A5 | Identifying the characteristics and uses of minerals and rocks and recognizing that rocks are mixtures of minerals. |
ESS-M-A6 | Explaining the processes involved in the rock cycle. |
Benchmark B. Earth History | |
ESS-M-B1 | Investigating how fossils show the development of life over time. |
ESS-M-B2 | Devising a model that demonstrates supporting evidence that the Earth has existed for a vast period of time. |
Benchmark C. Earth in the Solar System | |
ESS-M-C8 | Understanding that space exploration is an active area of scientific and technological research and development. |
Benchmark A. Energy in the Earth System | |
ESS-H-A1 | Investigating the methods of energy transfer and identifying the sun as the major source of energy for most of the Earth's systems. |
ESS-H-A2 | Modeling the seasonal changes in the relative position and appearance of the sun and inferring the consequences with respect to the Earth's temperature. |
ESS-H-A3 | Explaining fission and fusion in relation to the Earth's internal and external heat sources. |
ESS-H-A5 | Demonstrating how the sun's radiant energy causes convection currents within the atmosphere and the oceans. |
Benchmark B. Geochemical Cycles | |
ESS-H-B1 | Illustrating how stable chemical atoms or elements are recycled through the solid earth, oceans, atmosphere, and organisms. |
ESS-H-B2 | Demonstrating Earth's internal and external energy sources as forces in moving chemical atoms or elements. |
Benchmark A. Ecological Systems and Interactions | |
SE-M-A1 | Demonstrating knowledge that an ecosystem includes living, and nonliving factors and that humans are an integral part of ecosystems. |
SE-M-A2 | Demonstrating an understanding of how carrying capacity and limiting factors affect plant and animal populations. |
SE-H-A1 | Demonstrating an understanding of the functions of Earth's major ecological systems. |
SE-H-A2 | Investigating the flow of energy in ecological systems. |
SE-H-A9 | Demonstrating an understanding of influencing factors of biodiversity. |
SE-H-A10 | Explaining that all species represent a vital link in a complex web of interaction. |
SE-H-A11 | Understanding how pollutants can affect living systems. |
Benchmark B. Resources and Resource Management | |
SE-H-B1 | Explaining the relationships between renewable and nonrenewable resources. |
SE-H-B2 | Comparing and contrasting conserving and preserving resources. |
SE-H-B3 | Recognizing that population size and geographic and economic factors result in the inequitable distribution of the Earth's resources. |
SE-H-B4 | Comparing and contrasting long- and short-term consequences of resource management. |
SE-H-B5 | Analyzing resource management. |
SE-H-B6 | Recognizing that sustainable development is a process of change in which resource use, investment direction, technological development, and institutional change meet society's present as well as future needs. |
Benchmark C. Environmental Awareness and Protection | |
SE-H-C1 | Evaluating the dynamic interaction of land, water, and air and its relationship to living things in maintaining a healthy environment. |
SE-H-C2 | Evaluating the relationships between quality of life and environmental quality. |
SE-H-C3 | Investigating and communicating how environmental policy is formed by the interaction of social, economic, technological, and political considerations. |
SE-H-C4 | Demonstrating that environmental decisions include analyses that incorporate ecological, health, social, and economic factors. |
SE-H-C5 | Analyzing how public support affects the creation and enforcement of environmental laws and regulations. |
Benchmark D. Personal Choices and Responsible Actions | |
SE-H-D1 | Demonstrating the effects of personal choices and actions on the natural environment. |
SE-H-D2 | Analyzing how individuals are capable of reducing and reversing their impact on the environment through thinking, planning, education, collaboration, and action. |
SE-H-D3 | Demonstrating that the most important factor in prevention and control of pollution is education. |
SE-H-D4 | Demonstrating a knowledge that environmental issues should be a local and global concern. |
SE-H-D5 | Recognizing that the development of accountability toward the environment is essential for sustainability. |
SE-H-D6 | Developing an awareness of personal responsibility as stewards of the local and global environment. |
La. Admin. Code tit. 28, § LXXXI-2709