Essential oils, oleoresins (solvent-free), and natural extractives (including distillates) that are generally recognized as safe for their intended use, within the meaning of section 409 of the Act, are as follows:
Common name | Botanical name of plant source |
Alfalfa | Medicago sativa L. |
Allspice | Pimenta officinalis Lindl. |
Almond, bitter (free from prussic acid) | Prunus amygdalus Batsch, Prunus armeniaca L., or Prunus persica (L.) Batsch. |
Ambrette (seed) | Hibiscus moschatus Moench. |
Angelica root | Angelica archangelica L. |
Angelica seed | Do. |
Angelica stem | Do. |
Angostura (cusparia bark) | Galipea officinalis Hancock. |
Anise | Pimpinella anisum L. |
Asafetida | Ferula assa-foetida L. and related spp. of Ferula. |
Balm (lemon balm) | Melissa officinalis L. |
Balsam of Peru | Myroxylon pereirae Klotzsch. |
Basil | Ocimum basilicum L. |
Bay leaves | Laurus nobilis L. |
Bay (myrcia oil) | Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) J. W. Moore. |
Bergamot (bergamot orange) | Citrus aurantium L. subsp. bergamia Wright et Arn. |
Bitter almond (free from prussic acid) | Prunus amygdalus Batsch, Prunus armeniaca L., or Prunus persica (L.) Batsch. |
Bois de rose | Aniba rosaeodora Ducke. |
Cacao | Theobroma cacao L. |
Camomile (chamomile) flowers, Hungarian | Matricaria chamomilla L. |
Camomile (chamomile) flowers, Roman or English | Anthemis nobilis L. |
Cananga | Cananga odorata Hook. f. and Thoms. |
Capsicum | Capsicum frutescens L. and Capsicum annuum L. |
Caraway | Carum carvi L. |
Cardamom seed (cardamon) | Elettaria cardamomum Maton. |
Carob bean | Ceratonia siliqua L. |
Carrot | Daucus carota L. |
Cascarilla bark | Croton eluteria Benn. |
Cassia bark, Chinese | Cinnamomum cassia Blume. |
Cassia bark, Padang or Batavia | Cinnamomum burmanni Blume. |
Cassia bark, Saigon | Cinnamomum loureirii Nees. |
Celery seed | Apium graveolens L. |
Cherry, wild, bark | Prunus serotina Ehrh. |
Chervil | Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm. |
Chicory | Cichorium intybus L. |
Cinnamon bark, Ceylon | Cinnamomum zeylanicum Nees. |
Cinnamon bark, Chinese | Cinnamomum cassia Blume. |
Cinnamon bark, Saigon | Cinnamomum loureirii Nees. |
Cinnamon leaf, Ceylon | Cinnamomum zeylanicum Nees. |
Cinnamon leaf, Chinese | Cinnamomum cassia Blume. |
Cinnamon leaf, Saigon | Cinnamomum loureirii Nees. |
Citronella | Cymbopogon nardus Rendle. |
Citrus peels | Citrus spp. |
Clary (clary sage) | Salvia sclarea L. |
Clover | Trifolium spp. |
Coca (decocainized) | Erythroxylum coca Lam. and other spp. of Erythroxylum. |
Coffee | Coffea spp. |
Cola nut | Cola acuminata Schott and Endl., and other spp. of Cola. |
Coriander | Coriandrum sativum L. |
Cumin (cummin) | Cuminum cyminum L. |
Curacao orange peel (orange, bitter peel) | Citrus aurantium L. |
Cusparia bark | Galipea officinalis Hancock. |
Dandelion | Taraxacum officinale Weber and T. laevigatum DC. |
Dandelion root | Do. |
Dog grass (quackgrass, triticum) | Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv. |
Elder flowers | Sambucus canadensis L. and S. nigra I. |
Estragole (esdragol, esdragon, tarragon) | Artemisia dracunculus L. |
Estragon (tarragon) | Do. |
Fennel, sweet | Foeniculum vulgare Mill. |
Fenugreek | Trigonella foenum-graecum L. |
Galanga (galangal) | Alpinia officinarum Hance. |
Geranium | Pelargonium spp. |
Geranium, East Indian | Cymbopogon martini Stapf. |
Geranium, rose | Pelargonium graveolens L'Her. |
Ginger | Zingiber officinale Rosc. |
Grapefruit | Citrus paradisi Macf. |
Guava | Psidium spp. |
Hickory bark | Carya spp. |
Horehound (hoarhound) | Marrubium vulgare L. |
Hops | Humulus lupulus L. |
Horsemint | Monarda punctata L. |
Hyssop | Hyssopus officinalis L. |
Immortelle | Helichrysum augustifolium DC. |
Jasmine | Jasminum officinale L. and other spp. of Jasminum. |
Juniper (berries) | Juniperus communis L. |
Kola nut | Cola acuminata Schott and Endl., and other spp. of Cola. |
Laurel berries | Laurus nobilis L. |
Laurel leaves | Laurus spp. |
Lavender | Lavandula officinalis Chaix. |
Lavender, spike | Lavandula latifolia Vill. |
Lavandin | Hybrids between Lavandula officinalis Chaix and Lavandula latifolin Vill. |
Lemon | Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f. |
Lemon balm (see balm) | |
Lemon grass | Cymbopogon citratus DC. and Cymbopogon lexuosus Stapf. |
Lemon peel | Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f. |
Lime | Citrus aurantifolia Swingle. |
Linden flowers | Tilia spp. |
Locust bean | Ceratonia siliqua L, |
Lupulin | Humulus lupulus L. |
Mace | Myristica fragrans Houtt. |
Mandarin | Citrus reticulata Blanco. |
Marjoram, sweet | Majorana hortensis Moench. |
Mate | Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. |
Melissa (see balm) | |
Menthol | Mentha spp. |
Menthyl acetate | Do. |
Molasses (extract) | Saccarum officinarum L. |
Mustard | Brassica spp. |
Naringin | Citrus paradisi Macf. |
Neroli, bigarade | Citrus aurantium L. |
Nutmeg | Myristica fragrans Houtt. |
Onion | Allium cepa L. |
Orange, bitter, flowers | Citrus aurantium L. |
Orange, bitter, peel | Do. |
Orange leaf | Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck. |
Orange, sweet | Do. |
Orange, sweet, flowers | Do. |
Orange, sweet, peel | Do. |
Origanum | Origanum spp. |
Palmarosa | Cymbopogon martini Stapf. |
Paprika | Capsicum annuum L. |
Parsley | Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Mansf. |
Pepper, black | Piper nigrum L. |
Pepper, white | Do. |
Peppermint | Mentha piperita L. |
Peruvian balsam | Myroxylon pereirae Klotzsch. |
Petitgrain | Citrus aurantium L. |
Petitgrain lemon | Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f. |
Petitgrain mandarin or tangerine | Citrus reticulata Blanco. |
Pimenta | Pimenta officinalis Lindl. |
Pimenta leaf | Pimenta officinalis Lindl. |
Pipsissewa leaves | Chimaphila umbellata Nutt. |
Pomegranate | Punica granatum L. |
Prickly ash bark | Xanthoxylum (or Zanthoxylum) Americanum Mill. or Xanthoxylum clava-herculis L. |
Rose absolute | Rosa alba L., Rosa centifolia L., Rosa damascena Mill., Rosa gallica L., and vars. of these spp. |
Rose (otto of roses, attar of roses) | Do. |
Rose buds | Do. |
Rose flowers | Do. |
Rose fruit (hips) | Do. |
Rose geranium | Pelargonium graveolens L'Her. |
Rose leaves | Rosa spp. |
Rosemary | Rosmarinus officinalis L. |
Saffron | Crocus sativus L. |
Sage | Salvia officinalis L. |
Sage, Greek | Salvia triloba L. |
Sage, Spanish | Salvia lavandulaefolia Vahl. |
St. John's bread | Ceratonia siliqua L. |
Savory, summer | Satureia hortensis L. |
Savory, winter | Satureia montana L. |
Schinus molle | Schinus molle L. |
Sloe berries (blackthorn berries) | Prunus spinosa L. |
Spearmint | Mentha spicata L. |
Spike lavender | Lavandula latifolia Vill. |
Tamarind | Tamarindus indica L. |
Tangerine | Citrus reticulata Blanco. |
Tarragon | Artemisia dracunculus L. |
Tea | Thea sinensis L. |
Thyme | Thymus vulgaris L. and Thymus zygis var. gracilis Boiss. |
Thyme, white | Do. |
Thyme, wild or creeping | Thymus serpyllum L. |
Triticum (see dog grass) | |
Tuberose | Polianthes tuberosa L. |
Turmeric | Curcuma longa L. |
Vanilla | Vanilla planifolia Andr. or Vanilla tahitensis J. W. Moore. |
Violet flowers | Viola odorata L. |
Violet leaves | Do. |
Violet leaves absolute | Do. |
Wild cherry bark | Prunus serotina Ehrh. |
Ylang-ylang | Cananga odorata Hook. f. and Thoms. |
Zedoary bark | Curcuma zedoaria Rosc. |
21 C.F.R. §182.20