21 C.F.R. § 176.170

Current through September 30, 2024

Section 176.170 - Components of paper and paperboard in contact with aqueous and fatty foods

Substances identified in this section may be safely used as components of the uncoated or coated food-contact surface of paper and paperboard intended for use in producing, manufacturing, packaging, processing, preparing, treating, packing, transporting, or holding aqueous and fatty foods, subject to the provisions of this section. Components of paper and paperboard in contact with dry food of the type identified under Type VIII of table 1 in paragraph (c) of this section are subject to the provisions of § 176.180 .

(a) Substances identified in paragraph (a)(1) through (5) of this section may be used as components of the food-contact surface of paper and paperboard. Paper and paperboard products shall be exempted from compliance with the extractives limitations prescribed in paragraph (c) of this section: Provided, That the components of the food-contact surface consist entirely of one or more of the substances identified in this paragraph: And provided further, That if the paper or paperboard when extracted under the conditions prescribed in paragraph (c) of this section exceeds the limitations on extractives contained in paragraph (c) of this section, information shall be available from manufacturing records from which it is possible to determine that only substances identified in this paragraph (a) are present in the food-contact surface of such paper or paperboard.

(1) Substances generally recognized as safe in food.

(2) Substances generally recognized as safe for their intended use in paper and paperboard products used in food packaging.

(3) Substances used in accordance with a prior sanction or approval.

(4) Substances that by regulation in parts 170 through 189 of this chapter may be safely used without extractives limitations as components of the uncoated or coated food-contact surface of paper and paperboard in contact with aqueous or fatty food, subject to the provisions of such regulation.

(5) Substances identified in this paragraph, as follows:

List of Substances	Limitations
Acetyl peroxide	For use only as polymerization catalyst.
Acrylamide-methacrylic acid-maleic anhydride copolymers containing not more than 0.2 percent of residual acrylamide monomer and having an average nitrogen content of 14.9 percent such that a 1 percent by weight aqueous solution has a minimum viscosity of 600 centipoises at 75 °F, as determined by LVG-series Brookfield viscometer (or equivalent) using a No. 2 spindle at 30 r.p.m	For use only as a retention aid employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard in such an amount that the finished paper and paperboard will contain the additive at a level not in excess of 0.05 percent by weight of dry fibers in the finished paper and paperboard.
Acrylamide-[BETA]-methacrylyloxyethyltrimethylammonium methyl sulfate copolymer resins containing not more than 10 molar percent of [BETA]-methacrylyloxyethyltrimethylammonium methyl sulfate and containing less than 0.2% of residual acrylamide monomer	For use only as a retention aid and flocculant employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard.
Acrylic acid, sodium salt copolymer with polyethyleneglycol allyl ether (CAS Reg. No. 86830-15-1)	For use only in paper mill boilers.
Acrylic acid copolymer with 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-sulfonic acid (CAS Reg. No. 40623-75-4) and/or its ammonium/alkali metal mixed salts. The copolymer is produced by poly-merization of acrylic acid and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-sulfonic acid in a weight ratio of 60/40, such that a 28 percent by weight aqueous solution of the polymer has a viscosity of 75-150 centipoises at 25 °C as determined by LV-series Brookfield viscometer (or equivalent) using a No. 2 spindle at 60 r.p.m	For use only as a scale inhibitor prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard and used at a level not to exceed 1.0 kilogram (2.2 pounds) of copolymer per 907 kilograms (1 ton) of dry paper and paperboard fibers.
Acrylonitrile polymer, reaction product with ethylenediamine sulfate having a nitrogen content of 22.5-25.0 percent (Kjeldahl dry basis) and containing no more than 0.075 percent monomer as ethylenediamine. The finished resin in a 24 percent by weight aqueous solution has a viscosity of 1,000-2,000 centipoises at 25 °C as determined by LVT-series Brookfield viscometer using a No. 4 spindle at 50 r.p.m. (or by other equivalent method)	For use only as a size promoter and retention aid at a level not to exceed 0.5 percent by weight of the dry paper and paperboard.
Acrylonitrile polymer with styrene, reaction product with ethylenediamine acetate, having a nitrogen content of 7.4-8.3 percent (Kjeldahl dry basis) and containing no more than 0.25 percent monomer as ethylenediamine	1. For use only as a sizing material applied after the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard in such amount that the paper and paperboard will contain the additive at a level not in excess of 0.25 percent by weight of the dry paper and paperboard. 2. For use only as a sizing material applied prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard in such amount that the paper and paperboard will contain the additive at a level not in excess of 1.0 percent by weight of the dry paper and paperboard.
1-Alkenyl olefins, containing not less than 72 percent of C₃₀ and higher olefins	For use only under the following conditions: 1. In coatings for paper and paperboard with food of Types I, II, IV-B, and VII-B described in table 1 of paragraph (c) of this section under conditions of use E, F, and G described in table 2 of paragraph (c) of this section. 2. In coatings for paper and paperboard with food of Type VIII described in table I of paragraph (c) of this section under conditions of use A through H described in table 2 of paragraph (c) of this section.
(2-Alkenyl) succinic anhydrides mixture, in which the alkenyl groups are derived from olefins which contain not less than 95 percent of C₁₅-C₂₁ groups	For use only as a sizing agent employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard and limited to use at a level not to exceed 1 percent by weight of the finished dry paper and paperboard fibers.
Alkyl(C₁₂-C₂₀)methacrylatemethacrylic acid copolymers (CAS Reg. No. 27401-06-5)	For use only as stabilizers employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard.
tert-Alkyl(C₈-C₁₆)mercaptans	For use only as polymerization-control agent.
Aluminum acetate
2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (CAS Reg. No. 124-68-5)	For use as a dispersant for pigment suspension at a level not to exceed 0.25 percent by weight of pigment. The suspension is used as a component of coatings for paper and paperboard under conditions of use described in paragraph (c) of this section, table 2, conditions of use E through G.
Ammonium persulfate
Ammonium thiosulfate
Ammonium zirconium carbonate (CAS Reg. No. 32535-84-5) and its tartaric acid adduct	For use only as an insolubilizer for binders used in coatings for paper and paperboard, and limited to use at a level not to exceed 2.5 percent by weight of coating solids.
Ammonium zirconium citrate (CAS Reg. No. 149564-62-5), ammonium zirconium lactate-citrate (CAS Reg. No. 149564-64-7), ammonium zirconium lactate (CAS Reg. No. 149564-63-6)	For use as insolubilizers with protein binders in coatings for paper and paperboard, at a level not to exceed 1.4 percent by weight of coating solids.
Anionic polyurethane, produced by reacting the preliminary adduct formed from the reaction of glyceryl monostearate and 2,4-toluenediisocyanate with not more than 10 mole percent N-methyldiethanolamine and not less than 90 mole percent dimethylolpropionic acid. The final product is a 15 to 20 percent by weight aqueous solution, having a Brookfield viscosity of 25 to 100 centipoises at 24 °C (75 °F)	For use only as a surface sizing agent at a level not to exceed 0.1 percent by weight of dry paper and paperboard.
9,10-Anthraquinone (Chemical Abstracts Service Registry No. 84-65-1) which has a purity of not less than 98 percent	For use only as a pulping aid in the alkaline pulping of lignocellulosic material at levels not to exceed 0.1 percent by weight of the raw lignocellulosic material.
Aromatic petroleum hydrocarbon resin, hydrogenated (CAS Reg. No. 88526-47-0), produced by the catalytic polymerization of aromatic substituted olefins from low boiling distillates of cracked petroleum stocks with a boiling point no greater than 220 °C (428 °F), and the subsequent catalytic reduction of the resulting aromatic petroleum hydrocarbon resin. The resin meets the following specifications: softening point 85 °C (185 °F) minimum, as determined by ASTM Method E 28-67 (Reapproved 1982), "Standard Test Method for Softening Point by Ring-and-Ball Apparatus," and aniline point 70 °C (158 °F) minimum, as determined by ASTM Method D 611-82, "Standard Test Methods for Aniline Point and Mixed Aniline Point of Petroleum Products and Hydrocarbon Solvents," which are incorporated by reference in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Copies may be obtained from the American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, Philadelphia, PA 19428-2959, or may be examined at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html.	For use only as modifiers in wax polymer blend coatings for paper and paperboard at a level not to exceed 50 weight-percent of the coating solids under conditions of use E, F, and G identified in table 2 of paragraph (c) of this section.
Azo-bisisobutyronitrile	For use only as polymerization catalyst.
1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one (CAS Registry No. 2634-33-5)	For use only as a preservative in paper coating compositions and limited to use at a level not to exceed 0.01 mg/in² (0.0016 mg/cm²) of the finished paper and paperboard.
Benzoyl peroxide	Do.
N,N-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)alkyl (C₁₂-C₁₈)amide	For use only as an adjuvant to control pulp absorbency and pitch content in the manufacture of paper and paperboard prior to the sheet forming operation.
Bis(methoxymethyl)tetrakis-[(octadecyloxy)-methyl]melamine resins having a 5.8-6.5 percent nitrogen content (CAS Reg. No. 68412-27-1)	For use only under the following conditions: 1. As a water repellant employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard in such amount that the finished paper and paperboard will contain the additive at a level not in excess of 1.6 percent by weight of the finished dry paper and paperboard fibers. 2. The finished paper and paperboard will be used in contact with nonalcoholic foods only. 3. As a water repellant employed after the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard in such amount that the finished paper and paperboard will contain the additive at a level not to exceed 1.6 percent by weight of the finished dry paper and paperboard fibers. The finished paper and paperboard will be used only in contact with food of Types I, II, IV-B, VI, VII-B, and VIII described in table 1 of paragraph (c) of this section.
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol (CAS Reg. No. 52-51-7)	For use only as an antimicrobial/preservative in fillers, pigment slurries, starch sizing solutions, and latex coatings at levels not to exceed 0.01 percent by weight of those components.
Butanedioic acid, sulfo-1,4-di-(C₉-C₁₁ alkyl) ester, ammonium salt (also known as butanedioic acid, sulfo-1,4-diisodecyl ester, ammonium salt [CAS Reg. No. 144093-88-9]).	For use as a surface active agent in package coating inks at levels not to exceed 3 percent by weight of the coating ink.
tert-Butyl hydroperoxide	For use only as polymerization catalyst.
tert-Butyl peroxide	Do.
Calcium isostearate	For use only with n-decyl alcohol as a stabilizing material for aqueous calcium stearate dispersions intended for use as components of coatings for paper and paperboard.
Carrageenan and salts of carrageenan as described in §§ 172.620 and 172.626 of this chapter
Castor oil, hydrogenated
Castor oil, sulfated, ammonium, potassium, or sodium salt
Cellulose, regenerated
Chloracetamide	For use only as polymerization-control agent.
Cobaltous acetate	For use only as polymerization catalyst.
Cumene hydroperoxide	Do.
Cyanoguanidine	For use only: 1. As a modifier for amino resins. 2. As a fluidizing agent in starch and protein coatings for paper and paperboard.
n-Decyl alcohol	For use only with calcium isostearate as a stabilizing material for aqueous calcium stearate dispersions intended for use as components of coatings for paper and paperboard.
Dialdehyde guar gum	For use only as a wet-strength agent employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard and used at a level not to exceed 1% by weight of the finished dry paper and paperboard fibers.
Dialdehyde locust bean gum	Do.
Dialkyl(C₁₆-C₁₈)carbamoyl chloride (CAS Reg. No. 41319-54-4) manufactured by the reaction of secondary amines derived from fatty acids of animal or vegetable sources with phosgene	For use as a sizing agent at a level not to exceed 0.2 percent by weight of the dry fiber.
Diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride polymer with acrylamide and potassium acrylate, produced by copolymerizing either (1) diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride and acrylamide in a weight ratio of 50/50, with 4.4 percent of the acrylamide subsequently hydrolyzed to potassium acrylate or (2) polymerized diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride, acrylamide and potassium acrylate (as acrylic acid) in a weight ratio of 50/47.8/2.2, respectively, so that the finished resin in a 1 percent by weight aqueous solution (active polymer) has a viscosity of more than 22 centipoises at 22 °C (72 °F) as determined by LVF series, Brookfield Viscometer using No. 1 spindle at 60 RPM (or by other equivalent method) (CAS Reg. No. 25136-75-8)	For use only as a retention and/or drainage aid employed prior to the sheet-forming operations in the manufacture of paper and paperboard and limited to use at a level not to exceed 0.05 percent by weight of the finished paper and paperboard.
Diallyldimethylammonium chloride with acrylamide (CAS Reg. No. 26590-05-6). The copolymer is produced by copolymerizing diallyldimethylammonium chloride with acrylamide in a weight ratio of 50-50 so that the finished resin in a 1 percent by weight aqueous solution (active polymer) has a viscosity of more than 22 centipoises at 22 °C (71.6 °F), as determined by LVF-series Brookfield viscometer using a No. 1 spindle at 60 r.p.m. (or by other equivalent method)	For use only as a drainage and/or retention aid employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard and limited to use at a level not to exceed 0.05 percent by weight of the finished paper and paperboard.
Diallyldiethylammonium chloride polymer with acrylamide, and diallyldimethylammonium chloride, produced by copolymerizing acrylamide, diallyldiethylammonium chloride, and diallyldimethylammonium chloride, respectively, in the following weight ratios and having viscosities determined at 22 °C, by LVF-series Brookfield viscometer using a No. 1 spindle at 60 r.p.m. (or by other equivalent method), as follows:
1. Weight ratio: 50-2.5-47.5. The finished resin in a 1 percent by weight aqueous solution has a minimum viscosity of 22 centipoises	For use only as a retention aid employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard and limited to use at a level not to exceed 0.05 percent by weight of the finished paper and paperboard.
2. Weight ratio: 25-2.5-72.5. The finished resin in a 0.20 percent by weight aqueous solution has a minimum viscosity of 20 centipoises	For use only as a drainage and/or retention aid employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard and limited to use at a level not to exceed 0.075 percent by weight of the finished paper and paperboard.
3. Weight ratio: 80-2.5-17.5. The finished resin in a 0.30 percent by weight aqueous solution has a minimum viscosity of 50 centipoises	For use only as a drainage and/or retention aid employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard and limited to use at a level not to exceed 0.075 percent by weight of the finished paper and paperboard.
Diallyldiethylammonium chloride polymer with acrylamide, potassium acrylate, and diallyldimethylammonium chloride. The polymer is produced by copolymerizing either: (1) acrylamide, diallyldiethylammonium chloride, and diallyldimethylammonium chloride in a weight ratio of 50-2.5-47.5, respectively, with 4.4 percent of the acrylamide subsequently hydrolyzed to potassium acrylate, or (2) acrylamide, potassium acrylate (as acrylic acid), diallyldiethylammonium chloride, and diallyldimethylammonium chloride in a weight ratio of 47.8-2.2-2.5-47.5, so that the finished resin in a 1 percent by weight aqueous solution has a minimum viscosity of 22 centipoises at 22 °C, as determined by LVF-series Brookfield viscometer using a No. 1 spindle at 60 r.p.m. (or by other equivalent method)	For use only as a retention aid employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard and limited to use at a level not to exceed 0.05 percent by weight of the finished paper and paperboard.
Diallyldimethylammonium chloride polymer with acrylamide, reaction product with glyoxal, produced by copolymerizing not less than 90 weight percent of acrylamide and not more than 10 weight percent of diallyldimethylammonium chloride, which is then cross-linked with not more than 30 weight percent of glyoxal, such that a 10 percent aqueous solution has a minimum viscosity of 25 centipoises at 25 °C as determined by Brookfield viscometer Model RVF, using a No. 1 spindle at 100 r.p.m	For use only as a dry and wet strength agent employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard in such an amount that the finished paper and paperboard will contain the additive at a level not in excess of 2 percent by weight of the dry fibers in the finished paper and paperboard.
2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (CAS Reg. No.10222-01-2).	For use as a preservative at a level not to exceed 100 parts per million in coating formulations and in component slurries and emulsions, used in the production of paper and paperboard and coatings for paper and paperboard.
2,5-Di-tert-butyl hydroquinone	For use only as an antioxidant for fatty based coating adjuvants provided it is used at a level not to exceed 0.005% by weight of coating solids.
Diethanolamine	For use only: 1. As an adjuvant to control pulp absorbency and pitch content in the manufacture of paper and paperboard prior to the sheet-forming operation. 2.In paper mill boilers.
Diethyl(2-hydroxyethyl) methylammonium methyl sulfate, acrylate, polymer with acrylamide, chemical abstract service registry No. [26796-75-8] having 90-95 mole pct. acrylamide, a nitrogen content of not more than 19.7 pct. (Kjeldahl, dry basis), and a residual acrylamide monomer content of not more than 0.1 pct. The finished polymer in a 1 pct. by weight aqueous solution has a minimum viscosity of 900 centipoises at 25 °C as determined by LVT-series Brookfield viscometer using a No. 2 spindle at 12 r.p.m. (or by equivalent method)	For use only as a retention aid and drainage aid employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard at a level not to exceed 0.15 pct. by weight of finished dry paper and paperboard fibers.
Diethylenetriamine	For use only as a modifier for amino resins.
N,N-Diisopropanolamide of tallow fatty acids	For use only as an adjuvant to control pulp absorbency and pitch content in the manufacture of paper and paperboard prior to the sheet-forming operation.
Dimethylamine-epichlorohydrin copolymer in which not more than 5 mole-percent of dimethylamine may be replaced by an equimolar amount of ethylenediamine and in which the ratio of total amine to epichlorohydrin does not exceed 1:1. The nitrogen content of the copolymer shall be 9.4 to 10.8 weight percent on a dry basis and a 10 percent by weight aqueous solution of the final product has a minimum viscosity of 5.0 centipoises at 25 °C, as determined by LVT-series Brookfield viscometer using a No. 1 spindle at 60 r.p.m. (or by other equivalent method)	For use only: 1. As a retention aid employed before the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard and limited to use at a level not to exceed 1 percent by weight of the finished paper and paperboard. 2. At the size press at a level not to exceed 0.017 percent by weight of the finished paper and paperboard.
N-[(Dimethylamino)methyl]-acrylamide polymer with acrylamide and styrene having a nitrogen content of not more than 16.9 percent and a residual acrylamide monomer content of not more than 0.2 percent on a dry basis	For use only as a dry-strength agent employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard and used at a level not to exceed 1 percent by weight of finished dry paper or paperboard fibers.
N,N'-Dioleoylethylenediamine
Diphenylamine	For use only as an antioxidant for fatty based coating adjuvants provided it is used at a level not to exceed 0.005% by weight of coating solids.
Dipropylene glycol
Disodium salt of 1,4-dihydro-9,10-dihydroxyanthracene (CAS Reg. No. 73347-80-5)	For use only as a catalyst in the alkaline pulping of lignocellulosic materials at levels not to exceed 0.1 percent by weight of the raw lignocellulosic materials.
N,N'-Distearoylethylenediamine
n-Dodecylguanidine acetate	For use only as an antimicrobial agent in paper and paperboard under the following conditions: 1. For contact only with nonalcoholic food having a pH above 5 and provided it is used at a level not to exceed 0.4 percent by weight of the paper and paperboard. 2. For use in the outer ply of multiwall paper bags for contact with dry food of Type VIII described in table I of paragraph (c) of this section and provided it is used at a level of 0.8 percent by weight of the paper.
n-Dodecylguanidine hydrochloride	For use only as an antimicrobial agent in paper and paperboard under the following conditions: 1. For contact only with nonalcoholic food having a pH above 5 and provided it is used at a level not to exceed 0.4 percent by weight of the paper and paperboard. 2. For use in the outer ply of multiwall paper bags for contact with dry food of Type VIII described in table I of paragraph (c) of this section and provided it is used at a level of 0.8 percent by weight of the paper.
Fatty acids derived from animal and vegetable fats and oils and salts of such acids, single or mixed, as follows:
Aluminum.
Ammonium.
Calcium.
Magnesium.
Potassium.
Sodium.
Zinc.
Ferric chloride
Ferrous ammonium sulfate
Fish oil, hydrogenated
Fish oil, hydrogenated, potassium salt
Furcelleran and salts of furcelleran as described in §§ 172.655 and 172.660 of this chapter
Glutaraldehyde (CAS Reg. No. 111-30-8)	For use only as an antimicrobial agent in pigment and filler slurries used in the manufacture of paper and paperboard at levels not to exceed 300 parts per million by weight of the slurry solids.
Glyceryl lactostearate
Glyceryl mono-1,2-hydroxystearate
Glyceryl monoricinoleate
Guar gum modified by treatment with [BETA]-diethylamino- ethyl chloride hydrochloride	For use only as a retention aid and/or drainage aid employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard.
Guar gum modified by treatment with not more than 25 weight percent of 2,3-epoxypropyltri-methylammonium chloride such that the finished product has a maximum chlorine content of 4.5 percent, a maximum nitrogen content of 3.0 percent, and a minimum viscosity in 1-percent-by-weight aqueous solution of 1,000 centipoises at 77 °F, as determined by RV-series Brookfield viscometer (or equivalent) using a No. 3 spindle at 20 r.p.m	For use only as a retention aid and/or internal size employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard, and limited to use at a level: (1) Not to exceed 0.15 percent by weight of the finished dry paper and paperboard fibers intended for use in contact with all types of foods, except (2) not to exceed 0.30 pct. by weight of the finished dried paper and paperboard fibers for use with nonalcoholic and nonfatty food of types identified under Types I, II, IV-B, VI-B, VII-B, and VIII of table I in par. (c) of this section.
N,N,N',N',N",N"-Hexakis (methoxymethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine polymer with stearyl alcohol, [ALPHA]-octadecenyl-omega-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), and alkyl (C20 + ) alcohols (CAS Reg. No. 130328-24-4)	For use only as a water-repellent applied to the surface of paper and paperboard at levels not to exceed 1 percent by weight of the finished dry paperboard fibers. The finished paper and paperboard will be used in contact with aqueous foods under conditions of use B through G as described in table 2 of paragraph (c) of this section.
Hexamethylenetetramine	For use only as polymerization cross-linking agent for protein, including casein.
Hydroquinone and the monomethyl or monoethyl ethers of hydroquinone	For use only as an inhibitor for monomers.
Hydroxymethyl-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (CAS Reg. No. 27636-82-4), mixture with 1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (CAS Reg. No. 6440-58-0)	For use only as a preservative in clay-type fillers at a level not to exceed a combined total of 1,200 milligrams/kilograms hydroxymethyl-5,5-dimethylhydantoin and 1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylhydantoin in the filler.
Hydroxypropyl guar gum having a minimum viscosity of 5,000 centipoises at 25 °C., as determined by RV-series Brookfield viscometer using a No. 4 spindle at 20 r.p.m. (or other suitable method) and using a test sample prepared by dissolving 5 grams of moisture-free hydroxypropyl guar gum in 495 milliliters of a 70 percent by weight aqueous propylene glycol solution	For use only as a dry strength and formation aid agent employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard and used at a level not to exceed 1.5 percent by weight of finished dry paper or paperboard fibers.
12-Hydroxystearic acid-polyethylene glycol block copolymers (CAS Reg. No. 70142-34-6) produced by the reaction of polyethylene glycol (minimum molecular weight 200) with 12-hydroxystearic acid	For use only as a surfactant for dispersions of polyacrylamide retention and drainage aids employed prior to the sheet forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard.
Imidazolium compounds, 2-(C₁₇ and C₁₇-unsaturated alkyl)-1-[2-(C₁₈ and C₁₈-unsaturated amido)ethyl]-4,5-dihydro-1-methyl, methyl sulfates (CAS Reg. No. 72749-55-4).	For use only at a level not to exceed 0.5 percent by weight of the dry paper and paperboard.
Isopropyl m- and p-cresols (thymol derived)	For use only as an antioxidant for fatty based coating adjuvants provided it is used as a level not to exceed 0.005% by weight of coating solids.
Isopropyl peroxydicarbonate	For use only as polymerization catalyst.
Japan wax
Lanolin
Lauryl peroxide	For use only as polymerization catalyst.
Lauryl sulfate salts:
Ammonium.
Magnesium.
Potassium.
Sodium.
Lecithin, hydroxylated
Lignin sulfonate and its calcium, potassium, and sodium salts
Maleic anhydride, polymer with ethyl acrylate and vinyl acetate, hydrolyzed (CAS Reg. No. 113221-69-5) and/or its ammonium, potassium, and sodium salts	For use only as a deposit control additive prior to the sheet forming operation to prevent scale buildup in the manufacture of paper and paperboard in contact with food, at a level not to exceed 0.075 percent (as the acid) by weight of the dry paper and paperboard.
Methacrylic acid-acrylic acid copolymer (CAS Reg. No. 25751-21-7)	For use only as a boiler water additive at a level not to exceed 50 parts per million in the boiler water.
N-methyldiallylamine hydrochloride polymer with epichlorohydrin having a nitrogen content of 4.8 to 5.9 percent (Kjeldahl dry basis) such that a 20 percent by weight aqueous solution has a minimum viscosity of 30 centipoises and maximum viscosity of 100 centipoises at 25 °C, as determined by LVF Model Brookfield viscometer using a No. 1 spindle at 60 r.p.m. (or equivalent method)	For use only as a retention aid, flocculating agent, and wet-strength agent employed in the manufacture of paper and paperboard prior to the sheet-forming operation and limited to use at a level not to exceed 1.5 percent by weight of the dry paper and paperboard.
Methyl naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensate, sodium salt	For use only as an adjuvant to control pulp absorbency and pitch content in the manufacture of paper and paperboard prior to the sheet-forming operation.
N-methyl-N-(tall oil acyl) taurine, sodium salt (CAS Reg. No. 61791-41-1)	For use only to control scale formation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard prior to the sheetforming operation at a level not to exceed 0.015 percent by weight of the dry paper and paperboard.
Mineral oil, white
Mono-, di-, tri-(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)-phenol, ethoxylated, sulfated, ammonium salt with an average of 12 to 16 moles of ethylene oxide (CAS Reg. No. 68130-71-2)	For use only as an emulsifier for rosin based sizing at a level not to exceed 0.03 percent by weight of the finished dry paper and paperboard.
Monoglyceride citrate
Monoisopropanolamine (CAS Reg. No. 78-96-6)	For use as a dispersant for titanium dioxide suspensions at a level not to exceed 0.68 percent by weight of titanium dioxide. The finished paper and paperboard will be used in contact with all food types under conditions of use E through G described in table 2 of paragraph (c) of this section.
Mustardseed oil, sulfated, ammonium, potassium, or sodium salt
Naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensate, sodium salt	For use only as an adjuvant to control pulp absorbency and pitch content in the manufacture of paper and paperboard prior to the sheet-forming operation.
Nitrocellulose, 10.9-12.2% nitrogen
Oleic acid, sulfated, ammonium, potassium, or sodium salt
N-Oleoyl-N'-stearoylethylenediamine
Oxystearin
Paraformaldehyde	For use only as setting agent for protein.
Petrolatum	Complying with § 178.3700 of this chapter.
Petroleum asphalt, steam and vacuum refined to meet the following specifications: Softening point 88 °C to 93 °C, as determined by ASTM method D36-76, "Standard Test Method for Softening Point of Bitumen (Ring-and-Ball Apparatus);" penetration at 25 °C not to exceed 0.3 mm, as determined by ASTM method D5-73 (Reapproved 1978), "Standard Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials," which are incorporated by reference (Copies may be obtained from the American Society for Testing Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, Philadelphia, PA 19428-2959, or may be examined at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html.); and maximum weight loss not to exceed 3% when distilled to 371 °C, nor to exceed an additional 1.1% when further distilled between 371 °C and thermal decomposition	For use only as a component of internal sizing of paper and paperboard intended for use in contact only with raw fruits, raw vegetables, and dry food of the type identified under Type VIII of table 1 in paragraph (c) of this section, and provided that the asphalt is used at a level not to exceed 5% by weight of the finished dry paper and paperboard fibers.
Petroleum wax, synthetic	Complying with § 178.3720 of this chapter.
Phenothiazine	For use only as antioxidant in dry rosin size.
Phenyl acid phosphate	For use only as polymerization catalyst in melamine-formaldehyde modified alkyd coatings and limited to use at a level not to exceed 2% by weight of the coating solids.
Phenyl-[BETA]-naphthylamine	For use only as antioxidant in dry rosin size and limited to use at a level not to exceed 0.4% by weight of the dry rosin size.
Phosphoric acid esters and polyesters (and their sodium salts) of triethanolamine formed by the reaction of triethanolamine with polyphosphoric acid to produce a mixture of esters having an average nitrogen content of 1.5 percent and an average phosphorus content of 32 percent (as PO₄)	For use as an adjuvant prior to the sheet forming operation to control pitch and scale formation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard intended for use in contact with food only of the types identified in paragraph (c) of this section, table 1, under Types I, IV, V, VII, VIII, and IX, and used at a level not to exceed 0.075 percent by weight of dry paper or paperboard fibers.
Poly[acrylamide-acrylic acid-N-(dimethyl-aminomethyl)acryl- amide], produced by reacting 2.40 to 3.12 parts by weight of polyacrylamide with 1.55 parts dimethylamine and 1 part formaldehyde, and containing no more than 0.2 percent monomer as acrylamide	For use only as a drainage aid and retention aid employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard for use in contact with fatty foods under conditions of use described in paragraph (c) of this section, table 2, conditions of use E, F, and G.
Poly(2-aminoethyl acrylate nitrate-co-2-hydroxypropyl acrylate) produced when one mole of hydroxypropyl acrylate and three moles of acrylic acid are reacted with three moles of ethylenimine and three moles of nitric acid, such that a 35 percent by weight aqueous solution has a minimum viscosity of 150 centipoises at 72 °F., as determined by RVF-series Brookfield viscometer (or equivalent) using a No. 2 spindle at 20 r.p.m	For use only as a retention and drainage aid employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard at a level not to exceed 0.2 percent by weight of dry paper or paperboard fiber.
Polyacrolein (1 part) -sodium bisulfite (0.7 part) adduct, containing excess bisulfite (ratio of excess bisulfite to adduct not to exceed 1.5 to 1)	For use only as an agent in modifying starches and starch gums used in the production of paper and paperboard and limited to use at a level not to exceed 0.09 mg/in² of the finished paper and paperboard.
Poly[acrylamide-acrylic acid-N-(dimethylaminomethyl) acrylamide] (C.A. Registry No. 53800-41-2), produced by reacting 9.6-16.4 parts by weight of polyacrylamide with 1.6 parts dimethylamine and 1 part formaldehyde, and containing no more than 0.2% monomer as acrylamide, such that a 20% aqueous solution has a minimum viscosity of 4,000 cP at 25 °C., as determined by Brookfield viscometer model RVT, using a No. 5 spindle at 20 r/min (or equivalent method)	For use only as a drainage aid, retention aid, or dry-strength agent employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard at a level not to exceed 0.25 percent by weight of finished dry paper and paperboard fibers, when such paper or paperboard is used in contact with fatty foods under conditions of use described in paragraph (c) of this section, table 2, conditions of use E, F, and G.
Polyamide-epichlorohydrin modified resin produced by reacting adipic acid with diethylene triamine to produce a basic polyamide which is modified by reaction with formic acid and formaldehyde and further reacted with epichlorohydrin in the presence of ammonium hydroxide to form a water-soluble cationic resin having a nitrogen content of 13-16 percent (Kjeldahl, dry basis) such that a 35 percent by weight aqueous solution has a minimum viscosity of 75 centipoises at 25 °C, as determined by Brookfield viscometer using a No. 1 spindle at 12 r.p.m	For use only as a retention aid and flocculant employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard and used at a level not to exceed 0.2 percent dry resin by weight of finished dry paper or paperboard fibers.
Polyamide-epichlorohydrin water-soluble thermosetting resins [CAS Reg. No. 68583-79-9] prepared by reacting adipic acid with diethylenetriamine to form a basic polyamide and further reacting the polyamide with an epichlorohydrin and dimethylamine mixture such that the finished resins have a nitrogen content of 17.0 to 18.0 percent of a dry basis, and that a 30-percent-by-weight aqueous solution has a minimum viscosity of 350 centipoises at 20 °C, as determined by a Brookfield viscometer using a No. 3 spindle at 30 r.p.m. (or equivalent method)	For use only under the following conditions: 1. As a retention aid employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard and limited to use at a level not to exceed 0.12 percent by weight of dry paper or paperboard. 2. The finished paper or paperboard will be used in contact with food only of the types identified in paragraph (c) of this section, table 1, under types I and IV-B and under conditions of use described in paragraph (c) of this section, table 2, conditions of use F and G.
Polyamide-epichlorohydrin water-soluble thermosetting resin (CAS Reg. No. 96387-48-3) prepared by reacting N-methyl-bis(3-aminopropyl) amine with oxalic acid and urea to form a basic polyamide and further reacting the polyamide with epichlorohydrin	For use only as a wet strength agent and/or retention aid employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard and used at a level not to exceed 1.5 percent by weight of dry paper and paperboard fibers.
Polyamide-epichlorohydrin water-soluble thermosetting resins prepared by reacting adipic acid, isophthalic acid, itaconic acid or dimethyl glutarate with diethylenetriamine to form a basic polyamide and further reacting the polyamide with one of the following:	For use only in the manufacture of paper and paperboard under conditions such that the resins do not exceed 1.5 percent by weight of the paper or paperboard.
Epichlorohydrin.
Epichlorohydrin and ammonia mixture.
Epichlorohydrin and sodium hydrosulfite mixture.
Polyamidoamine-ethyleneimine-epichlorohydrin resin prepared by reacting hexanedioic acid, N-(2-aminoethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine, (chloromethyl)oxirane, ethyleneimine (aziridine), and polyethylene glycol, partly neutralized with sulfuric acid (CAS Reg. No. 167678-45-7)	For use only as a retention aid employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard at a level not to exceed 0.12 percent resin by weight of the finished dry paper or paperboard.
Polyamidol-epichlorohydrin modified resin produced by reacting glutaric acid dimethyl ester with diethylene-triamine to produce a basic polyamide which is modified by reaction with formaldehyde and further reacted with epicholorohydrin to form a water soluble cationic resin having a nitrogen content of 10.9-11.9 percent and a chlorine content of 13.8-14.8 percent, on a dry basis, and a minimum viscosity, in 12.5 percent by weight aqueous solution, of 10 centipoises at 25 °C, as determined by a Brookfield Model LVF viscometer using a No. 1 spindle at 60 r.p.m. (or equivalent method)	For use only as a wet strength agent employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard, and used at a level not to exceed 2.5 percent by weight of dry paper and paperboard fibers when such paper or paperboard is used in contact with food under conditions of use E through G described in table 2 of paragraph (c) of this section.
Polyamine-epichlorohydrin resin produced by the reaction of epichlorohydrin with monomethylamine to form a prepolymer and further reaction of this prepolymer with N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine such that the finished resin having a nitrogen content of 11.6 to 14.8 percent and a chlorine content of 20.8 to 26.4 percent and a minimum viscosity, in 25 percent by weight aqueous solution, of 500 centipoises at 25 °C, as determined by LV-series Brookfield viscometer using a No. 2 spindle at 12 r.p.m. (or by other equivalent method)	For use only as a flocculant, drainage aid, formation aid, retention aid, or strength additive employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard, and used at a level not to exceed 0.12 percent by weight of dry paper and paperboard fibers.
Polyamine-epichlorohydrin resin produced by the reaction of N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine with epichlorohydrin and further reacted with sulfuric acid, Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number [27029-41-0], such that the finished resin has a maximum nitrogen content of 14.4 percent (dry basis) and a minimum viscosity in 30 percent by weight aqueous solution (pH 4-6) of 50 centipoises at 25 °C, as determined by Brookfield LVT model viscometer, using a No. 1 spindle at 12 r.p.m. (or equivalent method)	For use only as a clarifier in the treatment of influent water to be used in the manufacture of paper and paperboard, and used at a level not to exceed 20 parts per million of the influent water.
Polyamine-epichlorohydrin water-soluble thermosetting resin produced by reacting epichlorohydrin with: (i) polyamines comprising at least 95 percent by weight C₄ to C₆ aliphatic diamines and/or their self-condensation products, and/or (ii) prepolymers produced by reacting 1,2-dichloroethane with the polyamines in (i). The finished resin has a nitrogen content of 5.0 to 9.0 percent, a chlorine content of 18.0 to 35.0 percent on a dry basis, and a minimum viscosity, in a 25 percent by weight aqueous solution, of 50 centipoises at 20 °C (68 °F), as determined by Brookfield HAT model viscometer using a No. 1H spindle at 50 r.p.m. (or equivalent method)	For use only as a wetstrength agent and/or retention aid employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard, and used at a level not to exceed 1 percent by weight of dry paper and paperboard fibers.
Polyamine-epichlorohydrin water-soluble thermosetting resin produced by reacting epichlorohydrin with: (i) polyamines comprising at least 95 percent by weight C₄ to C₆ aliphatic diamines and/or their self-condensation products and/or (ii) hexamethylenediamine, and/or (iii) bis(hexamethylene) triamine and higher homologues, and/or (iv) prepolymers produced by reacting 1,2-dichloroethane with the polyamines in (i) and/or (ii) and/or (iii). The finished resin has a nitrogen content of 5.0 to 9.0 percent, a chlorine content of 18.0 to 35.0 percent on a dry basis, and a minimum viscosity, in a 25 percent by weight aqueous solution, of 50 centipoises at 20 °C (68 °F), as determined by Brookfield HAT model viscometer using a No. 1H spindle at 50 r.p.m. (or equivalent method)	For use only as a wet-strength agent and/or retention aid employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard, and used at a level not to exceed 1 percent by weight of dry paper and paperboard fibers.
Polyamine-epichlorohydrin water soluble thermosetting resin prepared by reacting hexamethylenediamine with 1,2-dichloroethane to form a prepolymer and further reacting this prepolymer with epichlorohydrin. This resin is then reacted with nitrilotris (methylene-phosphonic acid), pentasodium salt, such that the finished resin has a nitrogen content of 5.0-5.3 percent; a chlorine content of 29.7-31.3 percent; and a phosphorus content of 2.0-2.2 percent, on a dry basis, and a minimum viscosity, in 25 percent by weight aqueous solution, of 50 centipoises at 25 °C., as determined on a Brookfield HAT model viscometer using a No. 1H spindle at 50 r.p.m. (or equivalent method)	For use only as a wet-strength agent and/or retention aid employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard, and used at a level not to exceed 1 percent by weight of dry paper and paperboard fibers.
Polyamine resin produced by the reaction of 1,2-dichloroethane with bis(hexamethylene)triamine and higher homologues such that the finished resin has a nitrogen content of 13.0-15.0 percent on a dry basis, and a minimum viscosity in 25-percent-by-weight aqueous solution of 75 centipoises at 25 °C., as determined by Brookfield HAT model viscometer using a No. 1 spindle at 50 r.p.m. (or equivalent method)	For use only as a retention aid and/or flocculent employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard and used at a level not to exceed 0.1 percent by weight of dry paper or paperboard fibers.
Polyaminoamide-epichlorohydrin modified resin produced by reacting adipic acid with diethylenetriamine to produce a polyamide which is modified by reaction with diethylaminopropylamine and further reacted with dichloroethyl ether to form a polyamide intermediate. This polyamide intermediate is then reacted with epichlorohydrin such that the finished resins have a nitrogen content of 10.9-12.4 percent (Kjeldahl, dry basis) and a minimum viscosity in 40 percent-by-weight aqueous solution of 250 centipoises at 22 °C, as determined by a Brookfield Model LVT viscometer using a No. 2 spindle at 30 r.p.m. (or equivalent method)	For use only as a wet-strength agent and/or retention aid employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard, and used at a level not to exceed 0.5 percent by weight of the finished dry paper and paperboard.
Polybutene, hydrogenated; complying with the identity prescribed under § 178.3740(b) of this chapter	For use only as provided in §§ 175.300 , 178.3740 and 178.3860 of this chapter.
Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (CAS Reg. No. 26062-79-3) produced by the polymerization of (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) so that the finished resin has a nitrogen content of 8.66±0.4 percent on a dry weight basis and a minimum viscosity in a 40 percent by weight aqueous solution of 1,000 centipoises at 25 °C (77 °F), determined by LVF Model Brookfield Viscometer using a No. 3 spindle at 30 r.p.m. (or equivalent method). The level of residual monomer is not to exceed 1 percent by weight of the polymer (dry basis)	For use only: 1. As a pigment dispersant and/or retention aid prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard, and used at a level not to exceed 10 pounds of active polymer per ton of finished paper and paperboard. 2. As a pigment dispersant in coatings at a level not to exceed 3.5 pounds of active polymer per ton of finished paper and paperboard.
Poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (CAS Reg. No. 26062-79-3) produced by the polymerization of diallyldimethylammonium chloride so that the finished resin has a nitrogen content of 8.66±0.4 percent on a dry basis and a minimum viscosity in a 15 weight-percent aqueous solution of 10 centipoises at 25 °C (77 °F), as determined by LVF Model Brookfield viscometer using a No. 1 spindle at 60 r/min (or equivalent method). The level of residual monomer is not to exceed 1 weight-percent of the polymer (dry basis)	For use only as a flocculant employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard, and used at a level not to exceed 10 mg/L (10 parts per million) of influent water.
Poly(1,2-dimethyl-5-vinylpyridinium methyl sulfate) having a nitrogen content of 5.7 to 7.3 percent and a sulfur content of 11.7 to 13.3 percent by weight on a dry basis and having a minimum viscosity in 30-percent-by-weight aqueous solution of 2,000 centipoises at 25 °C., as determined by LV-series Brookfield viscometer (or equivalent) using a No. 4 spindle at 60 r.p.m	For use only as an adjuvant employed in the manufacture of paper and paperboard prior to the sheet-forming operation.
Polyester resin produced by reacting dimethylolpropionic acid (CAS Registry No. 4767-03-7) as a comonomer, at no more than 30 percent by weight of total polymer solids in reaction with 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol, phthalic anhydride and isophthalic acid, such that the polyester resin has a viscosity of 200-600 centipoises at 80 °F as determined by a Brookfield RVT viscometer using a number 3 spindle at 50 rpm (or equivalent method)	For use only as a surface-sizing compound applied after the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard and limited to use at levels not to exceed 0.1 percent by weight of finished dry paper or paperboard.
Polyethylene, oxidized; complying with the identity prescribed in § 177.1620(a) of this chapter	For use only as component of coatings that contact food only of the type identified under Type VII-B of table 1 in paragraph (c) of this section, and limited to use at a level not to exceed 50 percent by weight of the coating solids.
Polyethyleneamine mixture produced when 1 mole of ethylene dichloride, 1.05 moles of ammonia, and 2 moles of sodium hydroxide are made to react so that a 10 percent aqueous solution has a minimum viscosity of 40 centipoises at 77 °F, as determined by Brookfield viscometer using a No. 1 spindle at 60 r.p.m	For use only as a retention aid employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard.
Polyethylene glycol (200) dilaurate	For use only as an adjuvant employed in the manufacture of paper and paperboard prior to the sheet-forming operation.
Polyethylene glycol (400) dioleate
Polyethylene glycol (400) esters of coconut oil fatty acids
Polyethylene glycol (600) esters of tall oil fatty acids
Polyethylene glycol (400) monolaurate
Polyethylene glycol (600) monolaurate
Polyethylene glycol (400) monooleate
Polyethylene glycol (600) monooleate
Polyethylene glycol (400) monostearate
Polyethylene glycol (600) monostearate
Polyethylene glycol (3,000) monostearate
Polyethylenimine, produced by the polymerization of ethylenimine	For use only as an adjuvant employed prior to sheet formation in paper-making systems operated at a pH of 4.5 or higher, and limited to use at a level not to exceed 5% by weight of finished dry paper or paperboard fibers.
Poly(isobutene)/maleic anhydride adduct, diethanolamine reaction product. The mole ratio of poly(isobutene)/maleic anydride adduct to diethanolamine is 1:1	For use only as a surfactant for dispersions of polyacrylamide retention and drainage aids employed prior to the sheet formation operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard.
Polymethacrylic acid, sodium salt, having a viscosity in 30-percent-by-weight aqueous solution of 125-325 centipoises at 25 °C as determined by LV-series Brookfield viscometer (or equivalent) using a No. 2 spindle at 60 r.p.m	For use only as a coating adjuvant for controlling viscosity when used at a level not to exceed 0.3% by weight of coating solids.
Polymethacrylic acid, sodium salt, having a viscosity in 40-percent-by-weight aqueous solution of 400-700 centipoises at 25 °C, as determined by LV-series Brookfield viscometer (or equivalent) using a No. 2 spindle at 30 r.p.m	For use only as a coating adjuvant for controlling viscosity when used at a level not to exceed 0.1% by weight of coating solids.
Poly[(methylimino)(2-hydroxytrimethylene)hydrochloride] produced by reaction of 1:1 molar ratio of methylamine and epichlorohydrin so that a 31-percent aqueous solution at 25 °C has a Stokes viscosity range of 2.5-4.0 as determined by ASTM method D1545-76 (Reapproved; 1981), "Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Transparent Liquids by Bubble Time Method," which is incorporated by reference. Copies may be obtained from the American Society for Testing Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, Philadelphia, PA 19428-2959, or may be examined at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html.	For use only as a retention aid employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in such an amount that finished paper and paperboard will contain the additive at a level not in excess of 1 percent by weight of the dry paper and paperboard.
Poly[oxyethylene (dimethyliminio) ethylene (dimethyliminio) ethylene dichloride] produced by reacting equimolar quantities of N,N,N,N-tetramethylethylene-diamine and dichlorethyl ether to yield a solution of the solid polymer in distilled water at 25 °C with a reduced viscosity of not less than 0.15 deciliter per gram as determined by ASTM method D1243-79, "Standard Test Method for -Dilute Solution Viscosity of Vinyl Chloride Polymers," which is incorporated by reference. Copies may be obtained from the American Society for Testing Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, Philadelphia, PA 19428-2959, or may be examined at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html.). The following formula is used for determining reduced viscosity:	For use only to improve dry-strength of paper and paperboard and as a retention and drainage aid employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard and limited to use at a level not to exceed 0.1 percent by weight of the finished dry paper and paperboard fibers.
Reduced viscosity in terms of deciliters per gram = (t - t₀) / (t - C),
where:
t = Solution efflux time
t_o = Water efflux time
C = Concentration of solution in terms of grams per deciliter
Polypropylene glycol (minimum molecular weight 1,000)
Potassium persulfate
2-Propenoic acid, telomer with sodium 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propane sulfonate and sodium phosphinate (CAS Reg. No. 110224-99-2)	For use only as a deposit control additive employed prior to the sheet forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard and at a level not to exceed 0.15 percent by weight of the dry paper and paperboard.
Propylene glycol alginate
Protein hydrolysate from animal hides or soybean protein condensed with oleic and/or stearic acid
Rapeseed oil, sulfated ammonium, potassium, or sodium salt
Ricebran oil, sulfated ammonium, potassium, or sodium salt
Rosin and rosin derivatives	As provided in § 178.3870 of this chapter.
Siloxanes (silicones), dimethyl, isopropyl methyl, methyl 1-methyl-C_9-49-alkyl (CAS Reg. No. 144635-08-5)	For use only as a component of polyolefin coatings with § 177.1520 of this chapter at a level not to exceed 3 percent by weight. The finished coating will be used only for paper and paperboard that contact food of types VI-A and VI-B of table 1 in paragraph (c) of this section, and under conditions of use C, D, and E, as described in table 2 in paragraph (c) of this section, with a maximum hot fill temperature of 200 °F (94 °C).
Silver chloride-coated titanium dioxide	For use only as a preservative in polymer latex emulsions at a level not to exceed 2.2 parts per million (based on silver ion concentration) in the dry coating.
Sodium carboxymethyl guar gum having a minimum viscosity of 2,700 centipoises at 25 °C after 24 hours as determined by RV-series Brookfield viscometer (or equivalent) using a No. 4 spindle at 20 r.p.m. and using a test sample prepared by dissolving 8 grams of sodium carboxymethyl guar gum in 392 milliliters of 0.2-percent-by-weight aqueous sodium o-phenylphenate solution	For use only as a dry-strength and formation-aid agent employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard and used at a level not to exceed 1% by weight of finished dry paper or paperboard fibers.
Sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate
Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate	For use only as polymerization catalyst.
Sodium hypochlorite
Sodium N-methyl-N-oleyltaurate	For use only as an adjuvant to control pulp absorbency and pitch content in the manufacture of paper and paperboard prior to the sheet-forming operation.
Sodium nitrite	For use only: 1. At levels not to exceed 0.2% by weight of lubricants or release agents applied at levels not to exceed 1 lb. per ton of finished paper or paperboard. 2. As an anticorrosion agent at levels not to exceed 0.2% by weight of wax emulsions used as internal sizing in the manufacture of paper and paperboard prior to the sheet-forming operation.
Sodium persulfate
Sodium polyacrylate	For use only: 1. As a thickening agent for natural rubber latex coatings, provided it is used at a level not to exceed 2 percent by weight of coating solids. 2. As a pigment dispersant in coatings at a level not to exceed 0.25 percent by weight of pigment.
Sodium poly(isopropenylphosphonate) (CAS Reg. No. 118632-18-1)	For use only in paper mill boilers.
Sodium zinc potassium polyphosphate (CAS Reg. No. 65997-17-3)	For use only as a pigment dispersant in coatings at a level not to exceed 1 percent by weight of pigment.
Sperm oil, sulfated, ammonium, potassium, or sodium salt
Stannous oleate
Stearyl-2-lactylic acid and its calcium salt
Styrene-butadiene copolymers produced by copolymerizing styrene-butadiene with one or more of the monomers: acrylamide, acrylic acid, fumaric acid, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, itaconic acid, methacrylic acid, and N-methylolacrylamide (CAS Reg. No. 53504-31-7). The finished copolymers shall contain not more than 10 weight percent of total polymer units derived from acrylic acid, fumaric acid, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, itaconic acid, and methacrylic acid, and shall contain not more than 3 weight percent of total polymer units derived from N-methylolacrylamide, and shall contain not more than 2 weight percent of polymer units derived from acrylamide.
Styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer, amidated, ammonium sodium salt; having, in a 25 percent by weight aqueous solution at pH 8.8, a minimum viscosity of 600 centipoises at 25 °C as determined by Brookfield model LVT viscometer using a No. 3 spindle at 60 r.p.m. (or equivalent method)	For use only as a surface size at a level not to exceed 1 percent by weight of paper or paperboard substrate.
Styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer, sodium salt (minimum molecular weight 30,000)	For use only: 1. As a coating thickening agent at a level not to exceed 1% by weight of coating solids. 2. As surface size at a level not to exceed 1% by weight of paper or paperboard substrate.
Styrene-methacrylic acid copolymer, potassium salt (minimum molecular weight 30,000)	For use only as a coating thickening agent at a level not to exceed 1% by weight of coating solids.
Synthetic wax polymer prepared by the catalytic polymerization of alpha olefins such that the polymer has a maximum iodine number of 18 and a minimum number average molecular weight of 2,400	For use only as a component of petroleum wax and/or synthetic petroleum wax complying with § 178.3710 or § 178.3720 of this chapter at levels not to exceed 5 percent by weight of the wax: 1. Under conditions of use F and G described in table 2 of paragraph (c) of this section for all foods. 2. Under conditions of use E described in table 2 of paragraph (c) of this section for food Types I, II, IV-B, VI, VII-B and VIII as described in table 1 of paragraph (c) of this section.
Tallow
Tallow alcohol
Tallow alcohol, hydrogenated
Tallow fatty acid, hydrogenated
Tallow hydrogenated
Tallow sulfated, ammonium, potassium, or sodium salt
Tetraethylenepentamine	For use only as a modifier for amino resins.
1,4,4a,9a-Tetrahydro-9, 10-anthracenedione (CAS Reg. No. 56136-14-2)	For use only as a catalyst in the alkaline pulping of lignocellulosic materials at levels not to exceed 0.1 percent by weight of the raw lignocellulosic materials.
N,N,N', N'-Tetramethylethylenediamine polymer with bis-(2-chloroethyl) ether, first reacted with not more than 5 percent by weight 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane and then reacted with not more than 5 percent by weight poly (acrylic acid) such that a 50 percent by weight aqueous solution of the product has a nitrogen content of 4.7-4.9 percent and viscosity of 350-700 centipoises at 25 °C as determined by LV series Brookfield viscometer using a No. 2 spindle at 60 r.p.m. (or by other equivalent method)	For use only as a flocculent, drainage aid or retention aid employed prior to the sheet forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard and limited to use at a level not to exceed 0.2 percent by weight of the finished dry paper and paperboard fibers.
Tetrasodium N- (1,2-dicarboxyethyl) - N - octadecylsulfo-succinamate	For use only as an emulsifier in aqueous dispersions of rosin sizes complying with § 178.3870(a)(4) of this chapter and limited to use prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard at a level not to exceed 0.02 pct by weight of finished paper and paperboard.
Triethanolamine	For use only to adjust pH during the manufacture of amino resins permitted for use as components of paper and paperboard.
Triethylene glycol adipic acid monoester produced by reacting equimolar quantities of triethylene glycol and adipic acid	For use only as a curl-control agent at a level not to exceed 2% by weight of coated or uncoated paper and paperboard.
Triethylenetetramine	For use only as a modifier for amino resins.
1,3,5-Triethylhexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (CAS Registry No. 7779-27-3)	For use only as an antimicrobial agent for coating, binder, pigment, filler, sizing, and similar formulations added prior to the heat drying step in the manufacture of paper and paperboard and limited to use at a level between 0.05 and 0.15 percent by weight of the formulation.
Undecafluorocyclohexanemethanol ester mixture of dihydrogen phosphate, compound with 2,2' iminodiethanol (1:1); hydrogen phosphate, compound with 2,2'-iminodiethanol (1:1); and P,P'-dihydrogen pyrophosphate, compound with 2,2'-iminodiethanol (1:2); where the ester mixture has a fluorine content of 48.3 pct to 53.1 pct as determined on a solids basis	For use only as an oil repellent at a level not to exceed 0.087 lb (0.046 lb of fluorine) per 1,000 ft² of treated paper or paperboard, as determined by analysis for total fluorine in the treated paper or paperboard without correction for any fluorine which might be present in the untreated paper or paperboard, when such paper or paperboard is used in contact with food only of the types identified in paragraph (c) of this section, table 1, under Types IVA, V, VIIA, VIII, and IX, and under the conditions of use B through G described in table 2 of paragraph (c) of this section.
Viscose rayon fibers
Wax, petroleum	Complying with § 178.3710 of this chapter.
Xanthan gum, conforming to the identity and specifications prescribed in § 172.695 of this chapter, except that the residual isopropyl alcohol shall not exceed 6,000 parts per million	For use only at a maximum level of 0.125 percent by weight of finished paper as a suspension aid or stabilizer for aqueous pigment slurries employed in the manufacture of paper and paperboard.
Xylene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensate, sodium salt	For use only as an adjuvant to control pulp absorbency and pitch content in the manufacture of paper and paperboard prior to the sheet-forming operation.
Zeolite Na-A (CAS Reg. No. 68989-22-0)	For use as a pigment extender at levels not to exceed 5.4 percent by weight of the finished paper and paperboard.
Zinc formaldehyde sulfoxylate	For use only as polymerization catalyst.
Zinc octoate
Zirconium oxide	For use only as a component of waterproof coatings where the zirconium oxide is present at a level not to exceed 1 percent by weight of the dry paper or paperboard fiber and where the zirconium oxide is produced by hydrolysis of zirconium acetate.

(b) Substances identified in paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) of this section may be used as components of the food-contact surface of paper and paperboard, provided that the food-contact surface of the paper or paperboard complies with the extractives limitations prescribed in paragraph (c) of this section.

(1) Substances identified in § 175.300(b)(3) of this chapter with the exception of those identified in paragraphs (b)(3)(v), (xv), (xx), (xxvi), (xxxi), and (xxxii) of that section and paragraph (a) of this section.

(2) Substances identified in this paragraph (b)(2) follow:

List of Substances	Limitations
Acetyl peroxide	For use only as polymerization catalyst.
Acrylamide-methacrylic acid-maleic anhydride copolymers containing not more than 0.2 percent of residual acrylamide monomer and having an average nitrogen content of 14.9 percent such that a 1 percent by weight aqueous solution has a minimum viscosity of 600 centipoises at 75 °F, as determined by LVG-series Brookfield viscometer (or equivalent) using a No. 2 spindle at 30 r.p.m	For use only as a retention aid employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard in such an amount that the finished paper and paperboard will contain the additive at a level not in excess of 0.05 percent by weight of dry fibers in the finished paper and paperboard.
Acrylamide-[BETA]-methacrylyloxyethyltrimethylammonium methyl sulfate copolymer resins containing not more than 10 molar percent of [BETA]-methacrylyloxyethyltrimethylammonium methyl sulfate and containing less than 0.2% of residual acrylamide monomer	For use only as a retention aid and flocculant employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard.
Acrylic acid, sodium salt copolymer with polyethyleneglycol allyl ether (CAS Reg. No. 86830-15-1)	For use only in paper mill boilers.
Acrylic acid copolymer with 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-sulfonic acid (CAS Reg. No. 40623-75-4) and/or its ammonium/alkali metal mixed salts. The copolymer is produced by poly-merization of acrylic acid and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-sulfonic acid in a weight ratio of 60/40, such that a 28 percent by weight aqueous solution of the polymer has a viscosity of 75-150 centipoises at 25 °C as determined by LV-series Brookfield viscometer (or equivalent) using a No. 2 spindle at 60 r.p.m	For use only as a scale inhibitor prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard and used at a level not to exceed 1.0 kilogram (2.2 pounds) of copolymer per 907 kilograms (1 ton) of dry paper and paperboard fibers.
Acrylonitrile polymer, reaction product with ethylenediamine sulfate having a nitrogen content of 22.5-25.0 percent (Kjeldahl dry basis) and containing no more than 0.075 percent monomer as ethylenediamine. The finished resin in a 24 percent by weight aqueous solution has a viscosity of 1,000-2,000 centipoises at 25 °C as determined by LVT-series Brookfield viscometer using a No. 4 spindle at 50 r.p.m. (or by other equivalent method)	For use only as a size promoter and retention aid at a level not to exceed 0.5 percent by weight of the dry paper and paperboard.
Acrylonitrile polymer with styrene, reaction product with ethylenediamine acetate, having a nitrogen content of 7.4-8.3 percent (Kjeldahl dry basis) and containing no more than 0.25 percent monomer as ethylenediamine	1. For use only as a sizing material applied after the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard in such amount that the paper and paperboard will contain the additive at a level not in excess of 0.25 percent by weight of the dry paper and paperboard. 2. For use only as a sizing material applied prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard in such amount that the paper and paperboard will contain the additive at a level not in excess of 1.0 percent by weight of the dry paper and paperboard.
1-Alkenyl olefins, containing not less than 72 percent of C₃₀ and higher olefins	For use only under the following conditions: 1. In coatings for paper and paperboard with food of Types I, II, IV-B, and VII-B described in table 1 of paragraph (c) of this section under conditions of use E, F, and G described in table 2 of paragraph (c) of this section. 2. In coatings for paper and paperboard with food of Type VIII described in table I of paragraph (c) of this section under conditions of use A through H described in table 2 of paragraph (c) of this section.
(2-Alkenyl) succinic anhydrides mixture, in which the alkenyl groups are derived from olefins which contain not less than 95 percent of C₁₅-C₂₁ groups	For use only as a sizing agent employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard and limited to use at a level not to exceed 1 percent by weight of the finished dry paper and paperboard fibers.
Alkyl(C₁₂-C₂₀)methacrylatemethacrylic acid copolymers (CAS Reg. No. 27401-06-5)	For use only as stabilizers employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard.
tert-Alkyl(C₈-C₁₆)mercaptans	For use only as polymerization-control agent.
Aluminum acetate
2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (CAS Reg. No. 124-68-5)	For use as a dispersant for pigment suspension at a level not to exceed 0.25 percent by weight of pigment. The suspension is used as a component of coatings for paper and paperboard under conditions of use described in paragraph (c) of this section, table 2, conditions of use E through G.
Ammonium persulfate
Ammonium thiosulfate
Ammonium zirconium carbonate (CAS Reg. No. 32535-84-5) and its tartaric acid adduct	For use only as an insolubilizer for binders used in coatings for paper and paperboard, and limited to use at a level not to exceed 2.5 percent by weight of coating solids.
Ammonium zirconium citrate (CAS Reg. No. 149564-62-5), ammonium zirconium lactate-citrate (CAS Reg. No. 149564-64-7), ammonium zirconium lactate (CAS Reg. No. 149564-63-6)	For use as insolubilizers with protein binders in coatings for paper and paperboard, at a level not to exceed 1.4 percent by weight of coating solids.
Anionic polyurethane, produced by reacting the preliminary adduct formed from the reaction of glyceryl monostearate and 2,4-toluenediisocyanate with not more than 10 mole percent N-methyldiethanolamine and not less than 90 mole percent dimethylolpropionic acid. The final product is a 15 to 20 percent by weight aqueous solution, having a Brookfield viscosity of 25 to 100 centipoises at 24 °C (75 °F)	For use only as a surface sizing agent at a level not to exceed 0.1 percent by weight of dry paper and paperboard.
9,10-Anthraquinone (Chemical Abstracts Service Registry No. 84-65-1) which has a purity of not less than 98 percent	For use only as a pulping aid in the alkaline pulping of lignocellulosic material at levels not to exceed 0.1 percent by weight of the raw lignocellulosic material.
Aromatic petroleum hydrocarbon resin, hydrogenated (CAS Reg. No. 88526-47-0), produced by the catalytic polymerization of aromatic substituted olefins from low boiling distillates of cracked petroleum stocks with a boiling point no greater than 220 °C (428 °F), and the subsequent catalytic reduction of the resulting aromatic petroleum hydrocarbon resin. The resin meets the following specifications: softening point 85 °C (185 °F) minimum, as determined by ASTM Method E 28-67 (Reapproved 1982), "Standard Test Method for Softening Point by Ring-and-Ball Apparatus," and aniline point 70 °C (158 °F) minimum, as determined by ASTM Method D 611-82, "Standard Test Methods for Aniline Point and Mixed Aniline Point of Petroleum Products and Hydrocarbon Solvents," which are incorporated by reference in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Copies may be obtained from the American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, Philadelphia, PA 19428-2959, or may be examined at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html.	For use only as modifiers in wax polymer blend coatings for paper and paperboard at a level not to exceed 50 weight-percent of the coating solids under conditions of use E, F, and G identified in table 2 of paragraph (c) of this section.
Azo-bisisobutyronitrile	For use only as polymerization catalyst.
1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one (CAS Registry No. 2634-33-5)	For use only as a preservative in paper coating compositions and limited to use at a level not to exceed 0.01 mg/in² (0.0016 mg/cm²) of the finished paper and paperboard.
Benzoyl peroxide	Do.
N,N-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)alkyl (C₁₂-C₁₈)amide	For use only as an adjuvant to control pulp absorbency and pitch content in the manufacture of paper and paperboard prior to the sheet forming operation.
Bis(methoxymethyl)tetrakis-[(octadecyloxy)-methyl]melamine resins having a 5.8-6.5 percent nitrogen content (CAS Reg. No. 68412-27-1)	For use only under the following conditions: 1. As a water repellant employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard in such amount that the finished paper and paperboard will contain the additive at a level not in excess of 1.6 percent by weight of the finished dry paper and paperboard fibers. 2. The finished paper and paperboard will be used in contact with nonalcoholic foods only. 3. As a water repellant employed after the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard in such amount that the finished paper and paperboard will contain the additive at a level not to exceed 1.6 percent by weight of the finished dry paper and paperboard fibers. The finished paper and paperboard will be used only in contact with food of Types I, II, IV-B, VI, VII-B, and VIII described in table 1 of paragraph (c) of this section.
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol (CAS Reg. No. 52-51-7)	For use only as an antimicrobial/preservative in fillers, pigment slurries, starch sizing solutions, and latex coatings at levels not to exceed 0.01 percent by weight of those components.
Butanedioic acid, sulfo-1,4-di-(C₉-C₁₁ alkyl) ester, ammonium salt (also known as butanedioic acid, sulfo-1,4-diisodecyl ester, ammonium salt [CAS Reg. No. 144093-88-9]).	For use as a surface active agent in package coating inks at levels not to exceed 3 percent by weight of the coating ink.
tert-Butyl hydroperoxide	For use only as polymerization catalyst.
tert-Butyl peroxide	Do.
Calcium isostearate	For use only with n-decyl alcohol as a stabilizing material for aqueous calcium stearate dispersions intended for use as components of coatings for paper and paperboard.
Carrageenan and salts of carrageenan as described in §§ 172.620 and 172.626 of this chapter
Castor oil, hydrogenated
Castor oil, sulfated, ammonium, potassium, or sodium salt
Cellulose, regenerated
Chloracetamide	For use only as polymerization-control agent.
Cobaltous acetate	For use only as polymerization catalyst.
Cumene hydroperoxide	Do.
Cyanoguanidine	For use only: 1. As a modifier for amino resins. 2. As a fluidizing agent in starch and protein coatings for paper and paperboard.
n-Decyl alcohol	For use only with calcium isostearate as a stabilizing material for aqueous calcium stearate dispersions intended for use as components of coatings for paper and paperboard.
Dialdehyde guar gum	For use only as a wet-strength agent employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard and used at a level not to exceed 1% by weight of the finished dry paper and paperboard fibers.
Dialdehyde locust bean gum	Do.
Dialkyl(C₁₆-C₁₈)carbamoyl chloride (CAS Reg. No. 41319-54-4) manufactured by the reaction of secondary amines derived from fatty acids of animal or vegetable sources with phosgene	For use as a sizing agent at a level not to exceed 0.2 percent by weight of the dry fiber.
Diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride polymer with acrylamide and potassium acrylate, produced by copolymerizing either (1) diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride and acrylamide in a weight ratio of 50/50, with 4.4 percent of the acrylamide subsequently hydrolyzed to potassium acrylate or (2) polymerized diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride, acrylamide and potassium acrylate (as acrylic acid) in a weight ratio of 50/47.8/2.2, respectively, so that the finished resin in a 1 percent by weight aqueous solution (active polymer) has a viscosity of more than 22 centipoises at 22 °C (72 °F) as determined by LVF series, Brookfield Viscometer using No. 1 spindle at 60 RPM (or by other equivalent method) (CAS Reg. No. 25136-75-8)	For use only as a retention and/or drainage aid employed prior to the sheet-forming operations in the manufacture of paper and paperboard and limited to use at a level not to exceed 0.05 percent by weight of the finished paper and paperboard.
Diallyldimethylammonium chloride with acrylamide (CAS Reg. No. 26590-05-6). The copolymer is produced by copolymerizing diallyldimethylammonium chloride with acrylamide in a weight ratio of 50-50 so that the finished resin in a 1 percent by weight aqueous solution (active polymer) has a viscosity of more than 22 centipoises at 22 °C (71.6 °F), as determined by LVF-series Brookfield viscometer using a No. 1 spindle at 60 r.p.m. (or by other equivalent method)	For use only as a drainage and/or retention aid employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard and limited to use at a level not to exceed 0.05 percent by weight of the finished paper and paperboard.
Diallyldiethylammonium chloride polymer with acrylamide, and diallyldimethylammonium chloride, produced by copolymerizing acrylamide, diallyldiethylammonium chloride, and diallyldimethylammonium chloride, respectively, in the following weight ratios and having viscosities determined at 22 °C, by LVF-series Brookfield viscometer using a No. 1 spindle at 60 r.p.m. (or by other equivalent method), as follows:
1. Weight ratio: 50-2.5-47.5. The finished resin in a 1 percent by weight aqueous solution has a minimum viscosity of 22 centipoises	For use only as a retention aid employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard and limited to use at a level not to exceed 0.05 percent by weight of the finished paper and paperboard.
2. Weight ratio: 25-2.5-72.5. The finished resin in a 0.20 percent by weight aqueous solution has a minimum viscosity of 20 centipoises	For use only as a drainage and/or retention aid employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard and limited to use at a level not to exceed 0.075 percent by weight of the finished paper and paperboard.
3. Weight ratio: 80-2.5-17.5. The finished resin in a 0.30 percent by weight aqueous solution has a minimum viscosity of 50 centipoises	For use only as a drainage and/or retention aid employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard and limited to use at a level not to exceed 0.075 percent by weight of the finished paper and paperboard.
Diallyldiethylammonium chloride polymer with acrylamide, potassium acrylate, and diallyldimethylammonium chloride. The polymer is produced by copolymerizing either: (1) acrylamide, diallyldiethylammonium chloride, and diallyldimethylammonium chloride in a weight ratio of 50-2.5-47.5, respectively, with 4.4 percent of the acrylamide subsequently hydrolyzed to potassium acrylate, or (2) acrylamide, potassium acrylate (as acrylic acid), diallyldiethylammonium chloride, and diallyldimethylammonium chloride in a weight ratio of 47.8-2.2-2.5-47.5, so that the finished resin in a 1 percent by weight aqueous solution has a minimum viscosity of 22 centipoises at 22 °C, as determined by LVF-series Brookfield viscometer using a No. 1 spindle at 60 r.p.m. (or by other equivalent method)	For use only as a retention aid employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard and limited to use at a level not to exceed 0.05 percent by weight of the finished paper and paperboard.
Diallyldimethylammonium chloride polymer with acrylamide, reaction product with glyoxal, produced by copolymerizing not less than 90 weight percent of acrylamide and not more than 10 weight percent of diallyldimethylammonium chloride, which is then cross-linked with not more than 30 weight percent of glyoxal, such that a 10 percent aqueous solution has a minimum viscosity of 25 centipoises at 25 °C as determined by Brookfield viscometer Model RVF, using a No. 1 spindle at 100 r.p.m	For use only as a dry and wet strength agent employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard in such an amount that the finished paper and paperboard will contain the additive at a level not in excess of 2 percent by weight of the dry fibers in the finished paper and paperboard.
2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (CAS Reg. No.10222-01-2).	For use as a preservative at a level not to exceed 100 parts per million in coating formulations and in component slurries and emulsions, used in the production of paper and paperboard and coatings for paper and paperboard.
2,5-Di-tert-butyl hydroquinone	For use only as an antioxidant for fatty based coating adjuvants provided it is used at a level not to exceed 0.005% by weight of coating solids.
Diethanolamine	For use only: 1. As an adjuvant to control pulp absorbency and pitch content in the manufacture of paper and paperboard prior to the sheet-forming operation. 2.In paper mill boilers.
Diethyl(2-hydroxyethyl) methylammonium methyl sulfate, acrylate, polymer with acrylamide, chemical abstract service registry No. [26796-75-8] having 90-95 mole pct. acrylamide, a nitrogen content of not more than 19.7 pct. (Kjeldahl, dry basis), and a residual acrylamide monomer content of not more than 0.1 pct. The finished polymer in a 1 pct. by weight aqueous solution has a minimum viscosity of 900 centipoises at 25 °C as determined by LVT-series Brookfield viscometer using a No. 2 spindle at 12 r.p.m. (or by equivalent method)	For use only as a retention aid and drainage aid employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard at a level not to exceed 0.15 pct. by weight of finished dry paper and paperboard fibers.
Diethylenetriamine	For use only as a modifier for amino resins.
N,N-Diisopropanolamide of tallow fatty acids	For use only as an adjuvant to control pulp absorbency and pitch content in the manufacture of paper and paperboard prior to the sheet-forming operation.
Dimethylamine-epichlorohydrin copolymer in which not more than 5 mole-percent of dimethylamine may be replaced by an equimolar amount of ethylenediamine and in which the ratio of total amine to epichlorohydrin does not exceed 1:1. The nitrogen content of the copolymer shall be 9.4 to 10.8 weight percent on a dry basis and a 10 percent by weight aqueous solution of the final product has a minimum viscosity of 5.0 centipoises at 25 °C, as determined by LVT-series Brookfield viscometer using a No. 1 spindle at 60 r.p.m. (or by other equivalent method)	For use only: 1. As a retention aid employed before the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard and limited to use at a level not to exceed 1 percent by weight of the finished paper and paperboard. 2. At the size press at a level not to exceed 0.017 percent by weight of the finished paper and paperboard.
N-[(Dimethylamino)methyl]-acrylamide polymer with acrylamide and styrene having a nitrogen content of not more than 16.9 percent and a residual acrylamide monomer content of not more than 0.2 percent on a dry basis	For use only as a dry-strength agent employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard and used at a level not to exceed 1 percent by weight of finished dry paper or paperboard fibers.
N,N'-Dioleoylethylenediamine
Diphenylamine	For use only as an antioxidant for fatty based coating adjuvants provided it is used at a level not to exceed 0.005% by weight of coating solids.
Dipropylene glycol
Disodium salt of 1,4-dihydro-9,10-dihydroxyanthracene (CAS Reg. No. 73347-80-5)	For use only as a catalyst in the alkaline pulping of lignocellulosic materials at levels not to exceed 0.1 percent by weight of the raw lignocellulosic materials.
N,N'-Distearoylethylenediamine
n-Dodecylguanidine acetate	For use only as an antimicrobial agent in paper and paperboard under the following conditions: 1. For contact only with nonalcoholic food having a pH above 5 and provided it is used at a level not to exceed 0.4 percent by weight of the paper and paperboard. 2. For use in the outer ply of multiwall paper bags for contact with dry food of Type VIII described in table I of paragraph (c) of this section and provided it is used at a level of 0.8 percent by weight of the paper.
n-Dodecylguanidine hydrochloride	For use only as an antimicrobial agent in paper and paperboard under the following conditions: 1. For contact only with nonalcoholic food having a pH above 5 and provided it is used at a level not to exceed 0.4 percent by weight of the paper and paperboard. 2. For use in the outer ply of multiwall paper bags for contact with dry food of Type VIII described in table I of paragraph (c) of this section and provided it is used at a level of 0.8 percent by weight of the paper.
Fatty acids derived from animal and vegetable fats and oils and salts of such acids, single or mixed, as follows:
Aluminum.
Ammonium.
Calcium.
Magnesium.
Potassium.
Sodium.
Zinc.
Ferric chloride
Ferrous ammonium sulfate
Fish oil, hydrogenated
Fish oil, hydrogenated, potassium salt
Furcelleran and salts of furcelleran as described in §§ 172.655 and 172.660 of this chapter
Glutaraldehyde (CAS Reg. No. 111-30-8)	For use only as an antimicrobial agent in pigment and filler slurries used in the manufacture of paper and paperboard at levels not to exceed 300 parts per million by weight of the slurry solids.
Glyceryl lactostearate
Glyceryl mono-1,2-hydroxystearate
Glyceryl monoricinoleate
Guar gum modified by treatment with [BETA]-diethylamino- ethyl chloride hydrochloride	For use only as a retention aid and/or drainage aid employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard.
Guar gum modified by treatment with not more than 25 weight percent of 2,3-epoxypropyltri-methylammonium chloride such that the finished product has a maximum chlorine content of 4.5 percent, a maximum nitrogen content of 3.0 percent, and a minimum viscosity in 1-percent-by-weight aqueous solution of 1,000 centipoises at 77 °F, as determined by RV-series Brookfield viscometer (or equivalent) using a No. 3 spindle at 20 r.p.m	For use only as a retention aid and/or internal size employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard, and limited to use at a level: (1) Not to exceed 0.15 percent by weight of the finished dry paper and paperboard fibers intended for use in contact with all types of foods, except (2) not to exceed 0.30 pct. by weight of the finished dried paper and paperboard fibers for use with nonalcoholic and nonfatty food of types identified under Types I, II, IV-B, VI-B, VII-B, and VIII of table I in par. (c) of this section.
N,N,N',N',N",N"-Hexakis (methoxymethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine polymer with stearyl alcohol, [ALPHA]-octadecenyl-omega-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), and alkyl (C20 + ) alcohols (CAS Reg. No. 130328-24-4)	For use only as a water-repellent applied to the surface of paper and paperboard at levels not to exceed 1 percent by weight of the finished dry paperboard fibers. The finished paper and paperboard will be used in contact with aqueous foods under conditions of use B through G as described in table 2 of paragraph (c) of this section.
Hexamethylenetetramine	For use only as polymerization cross-linking agent for protein, including casein.
Hydroquinone and the monomethyl or monoethyl ethers of hydroquinone	For use only as an inhibitor for monomers.
Hydroxymethyl-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (CAS Reg. No. 27636-82-4), mixture with 1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (CAS Reg. No. 6440-58-0)	For use only as a preservative in clay-type fillers at a level not to exceed a combined total of 1,200 milligrams/kilograms hydroxymethyl-5,5-dimethylhydantoin and 1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylhydantoin in the filler.
Hydroxypropyl guar gum having a minimum viscosity of 5,000 centipoises at 25 °C., as determined by RV-series Brookfield viscometer using a No. 4 spindle at 20 r.p.m. (or other suitable method) and using a test sample prepared by dissolving 5 grams of moisture-free hydroxypropyl guar gum in 495 milliliters of a 70 percent by weight aqueous propylene glycol solution	For use only as a dry strength and formation aid agent employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard and used at a level not to exceed 1.5 percent by weight of finished dry paper or paperboard fibers.
12-Hydroxystearic acid-polyethylene glycol block copolymers (CAS Reg. No. 70142-34-6) produced by the reaction of polyethylene glycol (minimum molecular weight 200) with 12-hydroxystearic acid	For use only as a surfactant for dispersions of polyacrylamide retention and drainage aids employed prior to the sheet forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard.
Imidazolium compounds, 2-(C₁₇ and C₁₇-unsaturated alkyl)-1-[2-(C₁₈ and C₁₈-unsaturated amido)ethyl]-4,5-dihydro-1-methyl, methyl sulfates (CAS Reg. No. 72749-55-4).	For use only at a level not to exceed 0.5 percent by weight of the dry paper and paperboard.
Isopropyl m- and p-cresols (thymol derived)	For use only as an antioxidant for fatty based coating adjuvants provided it is used as a level not to exceed 0.005% by weight of coating solids.
Isopropyl peroxydicarbonate	For use only as polymerization catalyst.
Japan wax
Lanolin
Lauryl peroxide	For use only as polymerization catalyst.
Lauryl sulfate salts:
Ammonium.
Magnesium.
Potassium.
Sodium.
Lecithin, hydroxylated
Lignin sulfonate and its calcium, potassium, and sodium salts
Maleic anhydride, polymer with ethyl acrylate and vinyl acetate, hydrolyzed (CAS Reg. No. 113221-69-5) and/or its ammonium, potassium, and sodium salts	For use only as a deposit control additive prior to the sheet forming operation to prevent scale buildup in the manufacture of paper and paperboard in contact with food, at a level not to exceed 0.075 percent (as the acid) by weight of the dry paper and paperboard.
Methacrylic acid-acrylic acid copolymer (CAS Reg. No. 25751-21-7)	For use only as a boiler water additive at a level not to exceed 50 parts per million in the boiler water.
N-methyldiallylamine hydrochloride polymer with epichlorohydrin having a nitrogen content of 4.8 to 5.9 percent (Kjeldahl dry basis) such that a 20 percent by weight aqueous solution has a minimum viscosity of 30 centipoises and maximum viscosity of 100 centipoises at 25 °C, as determined by LVF Model Brookfield viscometer using a No. 1 spindle at 60 r.p.m. (or equivalent method)	For use only as a retention aid, flocculating agent, and wet-strength agent employed in the manufacture of paper and paperboard prior to the sheet-forming operation and limited to use at a level not to exceed 1.5 percent by weight of the dry paper and paperboard.
Methyl naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensate, sodium salt	For use only as an adjuvant to control pulp absorbency and pitch content in the manufacture of paper and paperboard prior to the sheet-forming operation.
N-methyl-N-(tall oil acyl) taurine, sodium salt (CAS Reg. No. 61791-41-1)	For use only to control scale formation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard prior to the sheetforming operation at a level not to exceed 0.015 percent by weight of the dry paper and paperboard.
Mineral oil, white
Mono-, di-, tri-(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)-phenol, ethoxylated, sulfated, ammonium salt with an average of 12 to 16 moles of ethylene oxide (CAS Reg. No. 68130-71-2)	For use only as an emulsifier for rosin based sizing at a level not to exceed 0.03 percent by weight of the finished dry paper and paperboard.
Monoglyceride citrate
Monoisopropanolamine (CAS Reg. No. 78-96-6)	For use as a dispersant for titanium dioxide suspensions at a level not to exceed 0.68 percent by weight of titanium dioxide. The finished paper and paperboard will be used in contact with all food types under conditions of use E through G described in table 2 of paragraph (c) of this section.
Mustardseed oil, sulfated, ammonium, potassium, or sodium salt
Naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensate, sodium salt	For use only as an adjuvant to control pulp absorbency and pitch content in the manufacture of paper and paperboard prior to the sheet-forming operation.
Nitrocellulose, 10.9-12.2% nitrogen
Oleic acid, sulfated, ammonium, potassium, or sodium salt
N-Oleoyl-N'-stearoylethylenediamine
Oxystearin
Paraformaldehyde	For use only as setting agent for protein.
Petrolatum	Complying with § 178.3700 of this chapter.
Petroleum asphalt, steam and vacuum refined to meet the following specifications: Softening point 88 °C to 93 °C, as determined by ASTM method D36-76, "Standard Test Method for Softening Point of Bitumen (Ring-and-Ball Apparatus);" penetration at 25 °C not to exceed 0.3 mm, as determined by ASTM method D5-73 (Reapproved 1978), "Standard Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials," which are incorporated by reference (Copies may be obtained from the American Society for Testing Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, Philadelphia, PA 19428-2959, or may be examined at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html.); and maximum weight loss not to exceed 3% when distilled to 371 °C, nor to exceed an additional 1.1% when further distilled between 371 °C and thermal decomposition	For use only as a component of internal sizing of paper and paperboard intended for use in contact only with raw fruits, raw vegetables, and dry food of the type identified under Type VIII of table 1 in paragraph (c) of this section, and provided that the asphalt is used at a level not to exceed 5% by weight of the finished dry paper and paperboard fibers.
Petroleum wax, synthetic	Complying with § 178.3720 of this chapter.
Phenothiazine	For use only as antioxidant in dry rosin size.
Phenyl acid phosphate	For use only as polymerization catalyst in melamine-formaldehyde modified alkyd coatings and limited to use at a level not to exceed 2% by weight of the coating solids.
Phenyl-[BETA]-naphthylamine	For use only as antioxidant in dry rosin size and limited to use at a level not to exceed 0.4% by weight of the dry rosin size.
Phosphoric acid esters and polyesters (and their sodium salts) of triethanolamine formed by the reaction of triethanolamine with polyphosphoric acid to produce a mixture of esters having an average nitrogen content of 1.5 percent and an average phosphorus content of 32 percent (as PO₄)	For use as an adjuvant prior to the sheet forming operation to control pitch and scale formation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard intended for use in contact with food only of the types identified in paragraph (c) of this section, table 1, under Types I, IV, V, VII, VIII, and IX, and used at a level not to exceed 0.075 percent by weight of dry paper or paperboard fibers.
Poly[acrylamide-acrylic acid-N-(dimethyl-aminomethyl)acryl- amide], produced by reacting 2.40 to 3.12 parts by weight of polyacrylamide with 1.55 parts dimethylamine and 1 part formaldehyde, and containing no more than 0.2 percent monomer as acrylamide	For use only as a drainage aid and retention aid employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard for use in contact with fatty foods under conditions of use described in paragraph (c) of this section, table 2, conditions of use E, F, and G.
Poly(2-aminoethyl acrylate nitrate-co-2-hydroxypropyl acrylate) produced when one mole of hydroxypropyl acrylate and three moles of acrylic acid are reacted with three moles of ethylenimine and three moles of nitric acid, such that a 35 percent by weight aqueous solution has a minimum viscosity of 150 centipoises at 72 °F., as determined by RVF-series Brookfield viscometer (or equivalent) using a No. 2 spindle at 20 r.p.m	For use only as a retention and drainage aid employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard at a level not to exceed 0.2 percent by weight of dry paper or paperboard fiber.
Polyacrolein (1 part) -sodium bisulfite (0.7 part) adduct, containing excess bisulfite (ratio of excess bisulfite to adduct not to exceed 1.5 to 1)	For use only as an agent in modifying starches and starch gums used in the production of paper and paperboard and limited to use at a level not to exceed 0.09 mg/in² of the finished paper and paperboard.
Poly[acrylamide-acrylic acid-N-(dimethylaminomethyl) acrylamide] (C.A. Registry No. 53800-41-2), produced by reacting 9.6-16.4 parts by weight of polyacrylamide with 1.6 parts dimethylamine and 1 part formaldehyde, and containing no more than 0.2% monomer as acrylamide, such that a 20% aqueous solution has a minimum viscosity of 4,000 cP at 25 °C., as determined by Brookfield viscometer model RVT, using a No. 5 spindle at 20 r/min (or equivalent method)	For use only as a drainage aid, retention aid, or dry-strength agent employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard at a level not to exceed 0.25 percent by weight of finished dry paper and paperboard fibers, when such paper or paperboard is used in contact with fatty foods under conditions of use described in paragraph (c) of this section, table 2, conditions of use E, F, and G.
Polyamide-epichlorohydrin modified resin produced by reacting adipic acid with diethylene triamine to produce a basic polyamide which is modified by reaction with formic acid and formaldehyde and further reacted with epichlorohydrin in the presence of ammonium hydroxide to form a water-soluble cationic resin having a nitrogen content of 13-16 percent (Kjeldahl, dry basis) such that a 35 percent by weight aqueous solution has a minimum viscosity of 75 centipoises at 25 °C, as determined by Brookfield viscometer using a No. 1 spindle at 12 r.p.m	For use only as a retention aid and flocculant employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard and used at a level not to exceed 0.2 percent dry resin by weight of finished dry paper or paperboard fibers.
Polyamide-epichlorohydrin water-soluble thermosetting resins [CAS Reg. No. 68583-79-9] prepared by reacting adipic acid with diethylenetriamine to form a basic polyamide and further reacting the polyamide with an epichlorohydrin and dimethylamine mixture such that the finished resins have a nitrogen content of 17.0 to 18.0 percent of a dry basis, and that a 30-percent-by-weight aqueous solution has a minimum viscosity of 350 centipoises at 20 °C, as determined by a Brookfield viscometer using a No. 3 spindle at 30 r.p.m. (or equivalent method)	For use only under the following conditions: 1. As a retention aid employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard and limited to use at a level not to exceed 0.12 percent by weight of dry paper or paperboard. 2. The finished paper or paperboard will be used in contact with food only of the types identified in paragraph (c) of this section, table 1, under types I and IV-B and under conditions of use described in paragraph (c) of this section, table 2, conditions of use F and G.
Polyamide-epichlorohydrin water-soluble thermosetting resin (CAS Reg. No. 96387-48-3) prepared by reacting N-methyl-bis(3-aminopropyl) amine with oxalic acid and urea to form a basic polyamide and further reacting the polyamide with epichlorohydrin	For use only as a wet strength agent and/or retention aid employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard and used at a level not to exceed 1.5 percent by weight of dry paper and paperboard fibers.
Polyamide-epichlorohydrin water-soluble thermosetting resins prepared by reacting adipic acid, isophthalic acid, itaconic acid or dimethyl glutarate with diethylenetriamine to form a basic polyamide and further reacting the polyamide with one of the following:	For use only in the manufacture of paper and paperboard under conditions such that the resins do not exceed 1.5 percent by weight of the paper or paperboard.
Epichlorohydrin.
Epichlorohydrin and ammonia mixture.
Epichlorohydrin and sodium hydrosulfite mixture.
Polyamidoamine-ethyleneimine-epichlorohydrin resin prepared by reacting hexanedioic acid, N-(2-aminoethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine, (chloromethyl)oxirane, ethyleneimine (aziridine), and polyethylene glycol, partly neutralized with sulfuric acid (CAS Reg. No. 167678-45-7)	For use only as a retention aid employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard at a level not to exceed 0.12 percent resin by weight of the finished dry paper or paperboard.
Polyamidol-epichlorohydrin modified resin produced by reacting glutaric acid dimethyl ester with diethylene-triamine to produce a basic polyamide which is modified by reaction with formaldehyde and further reacted with epicholorohydrin to form a water soluble cationic resin having a nitrogen content of 10.9-11.9 percent and a chlorine content of 13.8-14.8 percent, on a dry basis, and a minimum viscosity, in 12.5 percent by weight aqueous solution, of 10 centipoises at 25 °C, as determined by a Brookfield Model LVF viscometer using a No. 1 spindle at 60 r.p.m. (or equivalent method)	For use only as a wet strength agent employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard, and used at a level not to exceed 2.5 percent by weight of dry paper and paperboard fibers when such paper or paperboard is used in contact with food under conditions of use E through G described in table 2 of paragraph (c) of this section.
Polyamine-epichlorohydrin resin produced by the reaction of epichlorohydrin with monomethylamine to form a prepolymer and further reaction of this prepolymer with N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine such that the finished resin having a nitrogen content of 11.6 to 14.8 percent and a chlorine content of 20.8 to 26.4 percent and a minimum viscosity, in 25 percent by weight aqueous solution, of 500 centipoises at 25 °C, as determined by LV-series Brookfield viscometer using a No. 2 spindle at 12 r.p.m. (or by other equivalent method)	For use only as a flocculant, drainage aid, formation aid, retention aid, or strength additive employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard, and used at a level not to exceed 0.12 percent by weight of dry paper and paperboard fibers.
Polyamine-epichlorohydrin resin produced by the reaction of N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine with epichlorohydrin and further reacted with sulfuric acid, Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number [27029-41-0], such that the finished resin has a maximum nitrogen content of 14.4 percent (dry basis) and a minimum viscosity in 30 percent by weight aqueous solution (pH 4-6) of 50 centipoises at 25 °C, as determined by Brookfield LVT model viscometer, using a No. 1 spindle at 12 r.p.m. (or equivalent method)	For use only as a clarifier in the treatment of influent water to be used in the manufacture of paper and paperboard, and used at a level not to exceed 20 parts per million of the influent water.
Polyamine-epichlorohydrin water-soluble thermosetting resin produced by reacting epichlorohydrin with: (i) polyamines comprising at least 95 percent by weight C₄ to C₆ aliphatic diamines and/or their self-condensation products, and/or (ii) prepolymers produced by reacting 1,2-dichloroethane with the polyamines in (i). The finished resin has a nitrogen content of 5.0 to 9.0 percent, a chlorine content of 18.0 to 35.0 percent on a dry basis, and a minimum viscosity, in a 25 percent by weight aqueous solution, of 50 centipoises at 20 °C (68 °F), as determined by Brookfield HAT model viscometer using a No. 1H spindle at 50 r.p.m. (or equivalent method)	For use only as a wetstrength agent and/or retention aid employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard, and used at a level not to exceed 1 percent by weight of dry paper and paperboard fibers.
Polyamine-epichlorohydrin water-soluble thermosetting resin produced by reacting epichlorohydrin with: (i) polyamines comprising at least 95 percent by weight C₄ to C₆ aliphatic diamines and/or their self-condensation products and/or (ii) hexamethylenediamine, and/or (iii) bis(hexamethylene) triamine and higher homologues, and/or (iv) prepolymers produced by reacting 1,2-dichloroethane with the polyamines in (i) and/or (ii) and/or (iii). The finished resin has a nitrogen content of 5.0 to 9.0 percent, a chlorine content of 18.0 to 35.0 percent on a dry basis, and a minimum viscosity, in a 25 percent by weight aqueous solution, of 50 centipoises at 20 °C (68 °F), as determined by Brookfield HAT model viscometer using a No. 1H spindle at 50 r.p.m. (or equivalent method)	For use only as a wet-strength agent and/or retention aid employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard, and used at a level not to exceed 1 percent by weight of dry paper and paperboard fibers.
Polyamine-epichlorohydrin water soluble thermosetting resin prepared by reacting hexamethylenediamine with 1,2-dichloroethane to form a prepolymer and further reacting this prepolymer with epichlorohydrin. This resin is then reacted with nitrilotris (methylene-phosphonic acid), pentasodium salt, such that the finished resin has a nitrogen content of 5.0-5.3 percent; a chlorine content of 29.7-31.3 percent; and a phosphorus content of 2.0-2.2 percent, on a dry basis, and a minimum viscosity, in 25 percent by weight aqueous solution, of 50 centipoises at 25 °C., as determined on a Brookfield HAT model viscometer using a No. 1H spindle at 50 r.p.m. (or equivalent method)	For use only as a wet-strength agent and/or retention aid employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard, and used at a level not to exceed 1 percent by weight of dry paper and paperboard fibers.
Polyamine resin produced by the reaction of 1,2-dichloroethane with bis(hexamethylene)triamine and higher homologues such that the finished resin has a nitrogen content of 13.0-15.0 percent on a dry basis, and a minimum viscosity in 25-percent-by-weight aqueous solution of 75 centipoises at 25 °C., as determined by Brookfield HAT model viscometer using a No. 1 spindle at 50 r.p.m. (or equivalent method)	For use only as a retention aid and/or flocculent employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard and used at a level not to exceed 0.1 percent by weight of dry paper or paperboard fibers.
Polyaminoamide-epichlorohydrin modified resin produced by reacting adipic acid with diethylenetriamine to produce a polyamide which is modified by reaction with diethylaminopropylamine and further reacted with dichloroethyl ether to form a polyamide intermediate. This polyamide intermediate is then reacted with epichlorohydrin such that the finished resins have a nitrogen content of 10.9-12.4 percent (Kjeldahl, dry basis) and a minimum viscosity in 40 percent-by-weight aqueous solution of 250 centipoises at 22 °C, as determined by a Brookfield Model LVT viscometer using a No. 2 spindle at 30 r.p.m. (or equivalent method)	For use only as a wet-strength agent and/or retention aid employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard, and used at a level not to exceed 0.5 percent by weight of the finished dry paper and paperboard.
Polybutene, hydrogenated; complying with the identity prescribed under § 178.3740(b) of this chapter	For use only as provided in §§ 175.300 , 178.3740 and 178.3860 of this chapter.
Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (CAS Reg. No. 26062-79-3) produced by the polymerization of (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) so that the finished resin has a nitrogen content of 8.66±0.4 percent on a dry weight basis and a minimum viscosity in a 40 percent by weight aqueous solution of 1,000 centipoises at 25 °C (77 °F), determined by LVF Model Brookfield Viscometer using a No. 3 spindle at 30 r.p.m. (or equivalent method). The level of residual monomer is not to exceed 1 percent by weight of the polymer (dry basis)	For use only: 1. As a pigment dispersant and/or retention aid prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard, and used at a level not to exceed 10 pounds of active polymer per ton of finished paper and paperboard. 2. As a pigment dispersant in coatings at a level not to exceed 3.5 pounds of active polymer per ton of finished paper and paperboard.
Poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (CAS Reg. No. 26062-79-3) produced by the polymerization of diallyldimethylammonium chloride so that the finished resin has a nitrogen content of 8.66±0.4 percent on a dry basis and a minimum viscosity in a 15 weight-percent aqueous solution of 10 centipoises at 25 °C (77 °F), as determined by LVF Model Brookfield viscometer using a No. 1 spindle at 60 r/min (or equivalent method). The level of residual monomer is not to exceed 1 weight-percent of the polymer (dry basis)	For use only as a flocculant employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard, and used at a level not to exceed 10 mg/L (10 parts per million) of influent water.
Poly(1,2-dimethyl-5-vinylpyridinium methyl sulfate) having a nitrogen content of 5.7 to 7.3 percent and a sulfur content of 11.7 to 13.3 percent by weight on a dry basis and having a minimum viscosity in 30-percent-by-weight aqueous solution of 2,000 centipoises at 25 °C., as determined by LV-series Brookfield viscometer (or equivalent) using a No. 4 spindle at 60 r.p.m	For use only as an adjuvant employed in the manufacture of paper and paperboard prior to the sheet-forming operation.
Polyester resin produced by reacting dimethylolpropionic acid (CAS Registry No. 4767-03-7) as a comonomer, at no more than 30 percent by weight of total polymer solids in reaction with 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol, phthalic anhydride and isophthalic acid, such that the polyester resin has a viscosity of 200-600 centipoises at 80 °F as determined by a Brookfield RVT viscometer using a number 3 spindle at 50 rpm (or equivalent method)	For use only as a surface-sizing compound applied after the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard and limited to use at levels not to exceed 0.1 percent by weight of finished dry paper or paperboard.
Polyethylene, oxidized; complying with the identity prescribed in § 177.1620(a) of this chapter	For use only as component of coatings that contact food only of the type identified under Type VII-B of table 1 in paragraph (c) of this section, and limited to use at a level not to exceed 50 percent by weight of the coating solids.
Polyethyleneamine mixture produced when 1 mole of ethylene dichloride, 1.05 moles of ammonia, and 2 moles of sodium hydroxide are made to react so that a 10 percent aqueous solution has a minimum viscosity of 40 centipoises at 77 °F, as determined by Brookfield viscometer using a No. 1 spindle at 60 r.p.m	For use only as a retention aid employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard.
Polyethylene glycol (200) dilaurate	For use only as an adjuvant employed in the manufacture of paper and paperboard prior to the sheet-forming operation.
Polyethylene glycol (400) dioleate
Polyethylene glycol (400) esters of coconut oil fatty acids
Polyethylene glycol (600) esters of tall oil fatty acids
Polyethylene glycol (400) monolaurate
Polyethylene glycol (600) monolaurate
Polyethylene glycol (400) monooleate
Polyethylene glycol (600) monooleate
Polyethylene glycol (400) monostearate
Polyethylene glycol (600) monostearate
Polyethylene glycol (3,000) monostearate
Polyethylenimine, produced by the polymerization of ethylenimine	For use only as an adjuvant employed prior to sheet formation in paper-making systems operated at a pH of 4.5 or higher, and limited to use at a level not to exceed 5% by weight of finished dry paper or paperboard fibers.
Poly(isobutene)/maleic anhydride adduct, diethanolamine reaction product. The mole ratio of poly(isobutene)/maleic anydride adduct to diethanolamine is 1:1	For use only as a surfactant for dispersions of polyacrylamide retention and drainage aids employed prior to the sheet formation operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard.
Polymethacrylic acid, sodium salt, having a viscosity in 30-percent-by-weight aqueous solution of 125-325 centipoises at 25 °C as determined by LV-series Brookfield viscometer (or equivalent) using a No. 2 spindle at 60 r.p.m	For use only as a coating adjuvant for controlling viscosity when used at a level not to exceed 0.3% by weight of coating solids.
Polymethacrylic acid, sodium salt, having a viscosity in 40-percent-by-weight aqueous solution of 400-700 centipoises at 25 °C, as determined by LV-series Brookfield viscometer (or equivalent) using a No. 2 spindle at 30 r.p.m	For use only as a coating adjuvant for controlling viscosity when used at a level not to exceed 0.1% by weight of coating solids.
Poly[(methylimino)(2-hydroxytrimethylene)hydrochloride] produced by reaction of 1:1 molar ratio of methylamine and epichlorohydrin so that a 31-percent aqueous solution at 25 °C has a Stokes viscosity range of 2.5-4.0 as determined by ASTM method D1545-76 (Reapproved; 1981), "Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Transparent Liquids by Bubble Time Method," which is incorporated by reference. Copies may be obtained from the American Society for Testing Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, Philadelphia, PA 19428-2959, or may be examined at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html.	For use only as a retention aid employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in such an amount that finished paper and paperboard will contain the additive at a level not in excess of 1 percent by weight of the dry paper and paperboard.
Poly[oxyethylene (dimethyliminio) ethylene (dimethyliminio) ethylene dichloride] produced by reacting equimolar quantities of N,N,N,N-tetramethylethylene-diamine and dichlorethyl ether to yield a solution of the solid polymer in distilled water at 25 °C with a reduced viscosity of not less than 0.15 deciliter per gram as determined by ASTM method D1243-79, "Standard Test Method for -Dilute Solution Viscosity of Vinyl Chloride Polymers," which is incorporated by reference. Copies may be obtained from the American Society for Testing Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, Philadelphia, PA 19428-2959, or may be examined at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html.). The following formula is used for determining reduced viscosity:	For use only to improve dry-strength of paper and paperboard and as a retention and drainage aid employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard and limited to use at a level not to exceed 0.1 percent by weight of the finished dry paper and paperboard fibers.
Reduced viscosity in terms of deciliters per gram = (t - t₀) / (t - C),
where:
t = Solution efflux time
t_o = Water efflux time
C = Concentration of solution in terms of grams per deciliter
Polypropylene glycol (minimum molecular weight 1,000)
Potassium persulfate
2-Propenoic acid, telomer with sodium 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propane sulfonate and sodium phosphinate (CAS Reg. No. 110224-99-2)	For use only as a deposit control additive employed prior to the sheet forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard and at a level not to exceed 0.15 percent by weight of the dry paper and paperboard.
Propylene glycol alginate
Protein hydrolysate from animal hides or soybean protein condensed with oleic and/or stearic acid
Rapeseed oil, sulfated ammonium, potassium, or sodium salt
Ricebran oil, sulfated ammonium, potassium, or sodium salt
Rosin and rosin derivatives	As provided in § 178.3870 of this chapter.
Siloxanes (silicones), dimethyl, isopropyl methyl, methyl 1-methyl-C_9-49-alkyl (CAS Reg. No. 144635-08-5)	For use only as a component of polyolefin coatings with § 177.1520 of this chapter at a level not to exceed 3 percent by weight. The finished coating will be used only for paper and paperboard that contact food of types VI-A and VI-B of table 1 in paragraph (c) of this section, and under conditions of use C, D, and E, as described in table 2 in paragraph (c) of this section, with a maximum hot fill temperature of 200 °F (94 °C).
Silver chloride-coated titanium dioxide	For use only as a preservative in polymer latex emulsions at a level not to exceed 2.2 parts per million (based on silver ion concentration) in the dry coating.
Sodium carboxymethyl guar gum having a minimum viscosity of 2,700 centipoises at 25 °C after 24 hours as determined by RV-series Brookfield viscometer (or equivalent) using a No. 4 spindle at 20 r.p.m. and using a test sample prepared by dissolving 8 grams of sodium carboxymethyl guar gum in 392 milliliters of 0.2-percent-by-weight aqueous sodium o-phenylphenate solution	For use only as a dry-strength and formation-aid agent employed prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard and used at a level not to exceed 1% by weight of finished dry paper or paperboard fibers.
Sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate
Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate	For use only as polymerization catalyst.
Sodium hypochlorite
Sodium N-methyl-N-oleyltaurate	For use only as an adjuvant to control pulp absorbency and pitch content in the manufacture of paper and paperboard prior to the sheet-forming operation.
Sodium nitrite	For use only: 1. At levels not to exceed 0.2% by weight of lubricants or release agents applied at levels not to exceed 1 lb. per ton of finished paper or paperboard. 2. As an anticorrosion agent at levels not to exceed 0.2% by weight of wax emulsions used as internal sizing in the manufacture of paper and paperboard prior to the sheet-forming operation.
Sodium persulfate
Sodium polyacrylate	For use only: 1. As a thickening agent for natural rubber latex coatings, provided it is used at a level not to exceed 2 percent by weight of coating solids. 2. As a pigment dispersant in coatings at a level not to exceed 0.25 percent by weight of pigment.
Sodium poly(isopropenylphosphonate) (CAS Reg. No. 118632-18-1)	For use only in paper mill boilers.
Sodium zinc potassium polyphosphate (CAS Reg. No. 65997-17-3)	For use only as a pigment dispersant in coatings at a level not to exceed 1 percent by weight of pigment.
Sperm oil, sulfated, ammonium, potassium, or sodium salt
Stannous oleate
Stearyl-2-lactylic acid and its calcium salt
Styrene-butadiene copolymers produced by copolymerizing styrene-butadiene with one or more of the monomers: acrylamide, acrylic acid, fumaric acid, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, itaconic acid, methacrylic acid, and N-methylolacrylamide (CAS Reg. No. 53504-31-7). The finished copolymers shall contain not more than 10 weight percent of total polymer units derived from acrylic acid, fumaric acid, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, itaconic acid, and methacrylic acid, and shall contain not more than 3 weight percent of total polymer units derived from N-methylolacrylamide, and shall contain not more than 2 weight percent of polymer units derived from acrylamide.
Styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer, amidated, ammonium sodium salt; having, in a 25 percent by weight aqueous solution at pH 8.8, a minimum viscosity of 600 centipoises at 25 °C as determined by Brookfield model LVT viscometer using a No. 3 spindle at 60 r.p.m. (or equivalent method)	For use only as a surface size at a level not to exceed 1 percent by weight of paper or paperboard substrate.
Styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer, sodium salt (minimum molecular weight 30,000)	For use only: 1. As a coating thickening agent at a level not to exceed 1% by weight of coating solids. 2. As surface size at a level not to exceed 1% by weight of paper or paperboard substrate.
Styrene-methacrylic acid copolymer, potassium salt (minimum molecular weight 30,000)	For use only as a coating thickening agent at a level not to exceed 1% by weight of coating solids.
Synthetic wax polymer prepared by the catalytic polymerization of alpha olefins such that the polymer has a maximum iodine number of 18 and a minimum number average molecular weight of 2,400	For use only as a component of petroleum wax and/or synthetic petroleum wax complying with § 178.3710 or § 178.3720 of this chapter at levels not to exceed 5 percent by weight of the wax: 1. Under conditions of use F and G described in table 2 of paragraph (c) of this section for all foods. 2. Under conditions of use E described in table 2 of paragraph (c) of this section for food Types I, II, IV-B, VI, VII-B and VIII as described in table 1 of paragraph (c) of this section.
Tallow
Tallow alcohol
Tallow alcohol, hydrogenated
Tallow fatty acid, hydrogenated
Tallow hydrogenated
Tallow sulfated, ammonium, potassium, or sodium salt
Tetraethylenepentamine	For use only as a modifier for amino resins.
1,4,4a,9a-Tetrahydro-9, 10-anthracenedione (CAS Reg. No. 56136-14-2)	For use only as a catalyst in the alkaline pulping of lignocellulosic materials at levels not to exceed 0.1 percent by weight of the raw lignocellulosic materials.
N,N,N', N'-Tetramethylethylenediamine polymer with bis-(2-chloroethyl) ether, first reacted with not more than 5 percent by weight 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane and then reacted with not more than 5 percent by weight poly (acrylic acid) such that a 50 percent by weight aqueous solution of the product has a nitrogen content of 4.7-4.9 percent and viscosity of 350-700 centipoises at 25 °C as determined by LV series Brookfield viscometer using a No. 2 spindle at 60 r.p.m. (or by other equivalent method)	For use only as a flocculent, drainage aid or retention aid employed prior to the sheet forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard and limited to use at a level not to exceed 0.2 percent by weight of the finished dry paper and paperboard fibers.
Tetrasodium N- (1,2-dicarboxyethyl) - N - octadecylsulfo-succinamate	For use only as an emulsifier in aqueous dispersions of rosin sizes complying with § 178.3870(a)(4) of this chapter and limited to use prior to the sheet-forming operation in the manufacture of paper and paperboard at a level not to exceed 0.02 pct by weight of finished paper and paperboard.
Triethanolamine	For use only to adjust pH during the manufacture of amino resins permitted for use as components of paper and paperboard.
Triethylene glycol adipic acid monoester produced by reacting equimolar quantities of triethylene glycol and adipic acid	For use only as a curl-control agent at a level not to exceed 2% by weight of coated or uncoated paper and paperboard.
Triethylenetetramine	For use only as a modifier for amino resins.
1,3,5-Triethylhexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (CAS Registry No. 7779-27-3)	For use only as an antimicrobial agent for coating, binder, pigment, filler, sizing, and similar formulations added prior to the heat drying step in the manufacture of paper and paperboard and limited to use at a level between 0.05 and 0.15 percent by weight of the formulation.
Undecafluorocyclohexanemethanol ester mixture of dihydrogen phosphate, compound with 2,2' iminodiethanol (1:1); hydrogen phosphate, compound with 2,2'-iminodiethanol (1:1); and P,P'-dihydrogen pyrophosphate, compound with 2,2'-iminodiethanol (1:2); where the ester mixture has a fluorine content of 48.3 pct to 53.1 pct as determined on a solids basis	For use only as an oil repellent at a level not to exceed 0.087 lb (0.046 lb of fluorine) per 1,000 ft² of treated paper or paperboard, as determined by analysis for total fluorine in the treated paper or paperboard without correction for any fluorine which might be present in the untreated paper or paperboard, when such paper or paperboard is used in contact with food only of the types identified in paragraph (c) of this section, table 1, under Types IVA, V, VIIA, VIII, and IX, and under the conditions of use B through G described in table 2 of paragraph (c) of this section.
Viscose rayon fibers
Wax, petroleum	Complying with § 178.3710 of this chapter.
Xanthan gum, conforming to the identity and specifications prescribed in § 172.695 of this chapter, except that the residual isopropyl alcohol shall not exceed 6,000 parts per million	For use only at a maximum level of 0.125 percent by weight of finished paper as a suspension aid or stabilizer for aqueous pigment slurries employed in the manufacture of paper and paperboard.
Xylene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensate, sodium salt	For use only as an adjuvant to control pulp absorbency and pitch content in the manufacture of paper and paperboard prior to the sheet-forming operation.
Zeolite Na-A (CAS Reg. No. 68989-22-0)	For use as a pigment extender at levels not to exceed 5.4 percent by weight of the finished paper and paperboard.
Zinc formaldehyde sulfoxylate	For use only as polymerization catalyst.
Zinc octoate
Zirconium oxide	For use only as a component of waterproof coatings where the zirconium oxide is present at a level not to exceed 1 percent by weight of the dry paper or paperboard fiber and where the zirconium oxide is produced by hydrolysis of zirconium acetate.

(c) The food-contact surface of the paper and paperboard in the finished form in which it is to contact food, when extracted with the solvent or solvents characterizing the type of food, and under conditions of time and temperature characterizing the conditions of its intended use as determined from tables 1 and 2 of this paragraph, shall yield net chloroform-soluble extractives (corrected for wax, petrolatum, mineral oil and zinc extractives as zinc oleate) not to exceed 0.5 milligram per square inch of food-contact surface as determined by the methods described in paragraph (d) of this section.

Table 1-Types of Raw and Processed Foods

I. Nonacid, aqueous products; may contain salt or sugar or both (pH above 5.0).

II. Acid, aqueous products; may contain salt or sugar or both, and including oil-in-water emulsions of low- or high-fat content.

III. Aqueous, acid or nonacid products containing free oil or fat; may contain salt, and including water-in-oil emulsions of low- or high-fat content.

IV. Dairy products and modifications:

A. Water-in-oil emulsions, high- or low-fat.

B. Oil-in-water emulsions, high- or low-fat.

V. Low-moisture fats and oil.

VI. Beverages:

A. Containing up to 8 percent of alcohol.

B. Nonalcoholic.

C. Containing more than 8 percent alcohol.

VII. Bakery products other than those included under Types VIII or IX of this table:

A. Moist bakery products with surface containing free fat or oil.

B. Moist bakery products with surface containing no free fat or oil.

VIII. Dry solids with the surface containing no free fat or oil (no end test required).

IX. Dry solids with the surface containing free fat or oil.

Table 2-Test Procedures with Time Temperature Conditions for Determining Amount of Extractives From the Food-Contact Surface of Uncoated or Coated Paper and Paperboard, Using Solvents Simulating Types of Foods and Beverages

Condition of use	Types of food (see table 1)	Food-simulating solvents
		Water	Heptane¹	8 percent alcohol	50 percent alcohol
		Time and temperature	Time and temperature	Time and temperature	Time and temperature
A. High temperature heat-sterilized (e.g., over 212 °F)	I, IV-B, VII-B	250 °F, 2 hr
	III, IV-A, VII-A	......do	150 °F, 2 hr
B. Boiling water sterilized	II, VII-B	212 °F, 30 min
	III, VII-A	......do	120 °F, 30 min
C. Hot filled or pasteurized above 150 °F	II, IV-B, VII-B	Fill boiling, cool to 100 °F
	III, IV-A, VII-A	......do	120 °F, 15 min
	V, IX		......do
D. Hot filled or pasteurized below 150 °F	II, IV-B, VI-B,
	VII-B	150 °F, 2 hr
	III, IV-A, VII-A	......do	100 °F, 30 min
	V, IX		......do
	VI-A			150 °F, 2 hr
	VI-C				150 °F, 2 hr.
E. Room temperature filled and stored (no thermal treatment in the container)	I, II, IV-B, VI-B, VII-B	120 °F, 24 hr
	III, IV-A, VII-A	......do	70 °F, 30 min
	V, IX		......do
	VI-A			120 °F, 24 hr
	VI-C				120 °F, 24 hr.
F. Refrigerated storage (no thermal treatment in the container)	III, IV-A, VII-A	70 °F, 48 hr	70 °F, 30 min
	I, II, IV-B, VI-B, VII-B	......do
	VI-A			70 °F, 48 hr
	VI-C				70 °F, 48 hr.
G. Frozen storage (no thermal treatment in the container)	I, II, IV-B, VII-B	70 °F, 24 hr
	III, VII-A	......do	70 °F, 30 min
H. Frozen or refrigerated storage: Ready-prepared foods intended to be reheated in container at time of use:
1. Aqueous or oil-in-water emulsion of high- or low-fat	I, II, IV-B, VII-B	212 °F, 30 min
2. Aqueous, high- or low-free oil or fat	III, IV-A, VII-A, IX	......do	120 °F, 30 min

¹ Heptane extractability results must be divided by a factor of five in arriving at the extractability for a food product having water-in-oil emulsion or free oil or fat. Heptane food-simulating solvent is not required in the case of wax-polymer blend coatings for corrugated paperboard containers intended for use in bulk packaging of iced meat, iced fish, and iced poultry.

(d)Analytical methods -

(1)Selection of extractability conditions. First ascertain the type of food product (table 1, paragraph (c) of this section) that is being packed commercially in the paper or paperboard and the normal conditions of thermal treatment used in packaging the type of food involved. Using table 2, paragraph (c) of this section, select the food-simulating solvent or solvents and the time-temperature exaggerations of the paper or paperboard use conditions. Having selected the appropriate food-simulating solvent or solvents and the time-temperature exaggeration over normal use, follow the applicable extraction procedure.

(2)Reagents -

(i)Water. All water used in extraction procedures should be freshly demineralized (deionized) distilled water.

(ii)n-Heptane. Reagent grade, freshly redistilled before use, using only material boiling at 208 °F.

(iii)Alcohol. 8 or 50 percent (by volume), prepared from undenatured 95 percent ethyl alcohol diluted with demineralized (deionized) distilled water.

(iv)Chloroform. Reagent grade, freshly redistilled before use, or a grade having an established consistently low blank.

(3)Selection of test method. Paper or paperboard ready for use in packaging shall be tested by use of the extraction cell described in "Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists," 13th Ed. (1980), sections 21.010-21 .015, under "Exposing Flexible Barrier Materials for Extraction," which is incorporated by reference (Copies may be obtained from the AOAC INTERNATIONAL, 481 North Frederick Ave., suite 500, Gaithersburg, MD 20877, or may be examined at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html.); also described in ASTM method F34-76 (Reapproved 1980), "Standard Test Method for Liquid Extraction of Flexible Barrier Materials," which is incorporated by reference (copies may be obtained from the American Society for Testing Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, Philadelphia, PA 19428-2959, or may be examined at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html.), except that formed paper and paperboard products may be tested in the container by adapting the in-container methods described in § 175.300(e) of this chapter. Formed paper and paperboard products such as containers and lids, that cannot be tested satisfactorily by any of the above methods may be tested in specially designed extraction equipment, usually consisting of clamping devices that fit the closure or container so that the food-contact surface can be tested, or, if flat samples can be cut from the formed paper or paperboard products without destroying the integrity of the food-contact surface, they may be tested by adapting the following "sandwich" method:

(i)Apparatus.

(a) Thermostated (±1.0 °F) water bath, variable between 70 °F and 120 °F water bath cover capable of holding at least one 800-milliliter beaker partially submersed in bath.

(b) Analytical balance sensitive to 0.1 milligram with an approximate capacity of 100 grams.

(c) Tongs.

(d) Hood and hot-plate facilities.

(e) Forced draft oven.

For each extraction, the following additional apparatus is necessary:

(f) One No. 2 paper clip.

(g) One 800-milliliter beaker with watch-glass cover.

(h) One 250-milliliter beaker.

(i) Five 2¹/₂-inch-square aluminum screens (standard aluminum window screening is acceptable).

(j) One wire capable of supporting sample stack.

(ii)Procedure.

(a) For each extraction, accurately cut eight 2¹/₂-inch-square samples from the formed paper or paperboard product to be tested.

(b) Carefully stack the eight 2¹/₂-inch-square samples and the five 2¹/₂-inch-square aluminum screens in sandwich form such that the food-contact side of each sample is always next to an aluminum screen, as follows: Screen, sample, sample, screen, sample, sample, screen, etc. Clip the sandwich together carefully with a No. 2 paper clip, leaving just enough space at the top to slip a wire through.

(c) Place an 800-milliliter beaker containing 100-milliliters of the appropriate food-simulating solvent into the constant temperature bath, cover with a watch glass and condition at the desired temperature.

(d) After conditioning, carefully lower the sample sandwich with tongs into the beaker.

(e) At the end of the extraction period, using the tongs, carefully lift out the sample sandwich and hang it over the beaker with the wire.

(f) After draining, pour the food-simulating solvent solution into a tared 250-milliliter beaker. Rinse the 800-milliliter beaker three times, using a total of not more than 50 milliliters of the required solvent.

(g) Determine total nonvolatile extractives in accordance with paragraph (d)(5) of this section.

(4)Selection of samples. Quadruplicate samples should be tested, using for each replicate sample the number of cups, containers, or preformed or converted products nearest to an area of 100 square inches.

(5)Determination of amount of extractives -

(i)Total residues. At the end of the exposure period, remove the test container or test cell from the oven and combine the solvent for each replicate in a clean Pyrex (or equivalent) flask or beaker being sure to rinse the test container or cell with a small quantity of clean solvent. Evaporate the food-simulating solvents to about 100 milliliters in the flask or beaker, and transfer to a clean, tared evaporating dish (platinum or Pyrex), washing the flask three times with small portions of solvent used in the extraction procedure, and evaporate to a few milliliters on a nonsparking, low-temperature hotplate. The last few milliliters should be evaporated in an oven maintained at a temperature of approximately 221 °F. Cool the evaporating dish in a desiccator for 30 minutes and weigh the residue to the nearest 0.1 milligram, (e). Calculate the extractives in milligrams per square inch of the container or sheeted paper or paperboard surface.

(a)Water and 8- and 50-percent alcohol. Milligrams extractives per square inch = (e)/(s).

(b)Heptane. Milligrams extractives per square inch=(e)/(s)(F)

where:

e = Milligrams extractives per sample tested.

s = Surface area tested, in square inches.

F = Five, the ratio of the amount of extractives removed by heptane under exaggerated time-temperature test conditions compared to the amount extracted by a fat or oil under exaggerated conditions of thermal sterilization and use.

e' = Chloroform-soluble extractives residue.

ee' = Corrected chloroform-soluble extractives residue.

e' or ee' is substituted for e in the above equations when necessary.

If when calculated by the equations in paragraph (d)(5)(i)(a) and (b) of this section, the extractives in milligrams per square inch exceeds the limitations prescribed in paragraph (c) of this section, proceed to paragraph (d)(5)(ii) of this section (method for determining the amount of chloroform-soluble extractives residues).

(ii)Chloroform-soluble extractives residue. Add 50 milliliters of chloroform (freshly distilled reagent grade or a grade having an established consistently low blank) to the dried and weighed residue, (e), in the evaporating dish obtained in paragraph (d)(5)(i) of this section. Warm carefully, and filter through Whatman No. 41 filter paper (or equivalent) in a Pyrex (or equivalent) funnel, collecting the filtrate in a clean, tared evaporating dish (platinum or Pyrex). Repeat the chloroform extraction, washing the filter paper with this second portion of chloroform. Add this filtrate to the original filtrate and evaporate the total down to a few milliliters on a low-temperature hotplate. The last few milliliters should be evaporated in an oven maintained at approximately 221 °F. Cool the evaporating dish in a desiccator for 30 minutes and weigh to the nearest 0.1 milligram to get the chloroform-soluble extractives residue ('). This ' is substituted for e in the equations in paragraph (d)(5)(i)(a) and (b) of this section. If the chloroform-soluble extractives in milligrams per square inch still exceeds the limitation prescribed in paragraph (c) of this section, proceed to paragraph (d)(5)(iii) of this section (method for determining corrected chloroform-soluble extractives residue).

(iii)Corrected chloroform-soluble extractives residue -

(a)Correction for zinc extractives. Ash the residue in the evaporating dish by heating gently over a Meker-type burner to destroy organic matter and hold at red heat for about 1 minute. Cool in the air for 3 minutes, and place the evaporating dish in the desiccator for 30 minutes and weigh to the nearest 0.1 milligram. Analyze this ash for zinc by standard Association of Official Agricultural Chemists methods or equivalent. Calculate the zinc in the ash as zinc oleate, and subtract from the weight of chloroform-soluble extractives residue (') to obtain the zinc-corrected chloroform-soluble extractives residue (e'). This e' is substituted for e in the equations in paragraph (d)(5)(i)(a) and (b) of this section.

(b)Correction for wax, petrolatum, and mineral oil -

(1)Apparatus. Standard 10 millimeter inside diameter * 60 centimeter chromatographic column (or standard 50-milliliter buret with an inside diameter of 10-11 millimeters) with a stopcock of glass, perfluorocarbon resin, or equivalent material. The column (or buret) may be optionally equipped with an integral coarse, fritted glass disc and the top of the column (or buret) may be optionally fitted with a 100-millimeter solvent reservoir.

(2)Preparation of column. Place a snug pledget of fine glass wool in the bottom of the column (or buret) if the column (or buret) is not equipped with integral coarse, fritted glass disc. Overlay the glass wool pledget (or fritted glass disc) with a 15-20 millimeter deep layer of fine sand. Measure in a graduated cylinder 15 milliliters of chromatographic grade aluminum oxide (80-200 mesh) that has been tightly settled by tapping the cylinder. Transfer the aluminum oxide to the chromatographic tube, tapping the tube during and after the transfer so as to tightly settle the aluminum oxide. Overlay the layer of aluminum oxide with a 1.0-1.5 centimeter deep layer of anhydrous sodium sulfate and on top of this place an 8-10 millimeter thick plug of fine glass wool. Next carefully add about 25 milliliters of heptane to the column with stopcock open, and allow the heptane to pass through the column until the top level of the liquid just passes into the top glass wool plug in the column, and close stopcock.

(3)Chromatographing of sample extract -

(i)For chloroform residues weighing 0.5 gram or less. To the dried and weighed chloroform-soluble extract residue in the evaporating dish, obtained in paragraph (d)(5)(ii) of this section, add 20 milliliters of heptane and stir. If necessary, heat carefully to dissolve the residue. Additional heptane not to exceed a total volume of 50 milliliters may be used if necessary to complete dissolving. Cool to room temperature. (If solution becomes cloudy, use the procedure in paragraph (d)(5)(iii)(b)(3)(ii) of this section to obtain an aliquot of heptane solution calculated to contain 0.1-0.5 gram of chloroform-soluble extract residue.) Transfer the clear liquid solution to the column (or buret). Rinse the dish with 10 millimeters of additional heptane and add to column. Allow the liquid to pass through the column into a clean, tared evaporating dish (platinum or Pyrex) at a dropwise rate of about 2 milliliters per minute until the liquid surface reaches the top glass wool plug; then close the stopcock temporarily. Rinse the Pyrex flask which contained the filtrate with an additional 10-15 milliliters of heptane and add to the column. Wash (elute) the column with more heptane collecting about 100 milliliters of total eluate including that already collected in the evaporating dish. Evaporate the combined eluate in the evaporating dish to dryness on a steam bath. Dry the residue for 15 minutes in an oven maintained at a temperature of approximately 221 °F. Cool the evaporating dish in a desiccator for 30 minutes and weigh the residue to the nearest 0.1 milligram. Subtract the weight of the residue from the weight of chloroform-soluble extractives residue (') to obtain the wax-, petrolatum-, and mineral oil-corrected chloroform-soluble extractives residue (e'). This e' is substituted for e in the equations in paragraph (d)(5)(i)(a) and (b) of this section.

(ii) For chloroform residues weighing more than 0.5 gram. Redissolve the dried and weighed chloroform-soluble extract residue as described in paragraph (d)(5)(iii)(b)(3)(i) of this section using proportionately larger quantities of heptane. Transfer the heptane solution to an appropriate-sized volumetric flask (i.e., a 250-milliliter flask for about 2.5 grams of residue) and adjust to volume with additional heptane. Pipette out an aliquot (about 50 milliliters) calculated to contain 0.1-0.5 gram of the chloroform-soluble extract residue and analyze chromatographically as described in paragraph (d)(5)(iii)(b)(3)(i) of this section. In this case the weight of the dried residue from the heptane eluate must be multiplied by the dilution factor to obtain the weight of wax, petrolatum, and mineral oil residue to be subtracted from the weight of chloroform-soluble extractives residue (') to obtain the wax-, petrolatum-, and mineral oil-corrected chloroform-soluble extractives residue (e'). This e' is substituted for e in the equations in paragraph (d)(5)(i)(a) and (b) of this section. (Note: In the case of chloroform-soluble extracts which contain high melting waxes (melting point greater than 170 °F), it may be necessary to dilute the heptane solution further so that a 50-milliliter aliquot will contain only 0.1-0.2 gram of the chloroform-soluble extract residue.)

(e) Acrylonitrile copolymers identified in this section shall comply with the provisions of § 180.22 of this chapter, except where the copolymers are restricted to use in contact with food only of the type identified in paragraph (c), table 1 under Category VIII.

21 C.F.R. §176.170

42 FR 14554, Mar. 15, 1977

81 FR 8, 1/4/2016; 81 FR 83674, 11/22/2016; 87 FR 31089, 5/20/2022

For Federal Register citations affecting § 176.170 , see the List of CFR Sections Affected, which appears in the Finding Aids section of the printed volume and at www.govinfo.gov.