Mechanical systems and equipment used to provide heating, ventilating, and air conditioning functions as well as additional functions not related to space conditioning, such as, but not limited to, freeze protection in fire projection systems and water heating, shall meet the requirements of this section.
Table 403.1a-Unitary Air Conditioners and Condensing Units, Electrically Operated, Minimum Efficiency Requirements
Equipment type | Size category | Subcategory or rating condition | Minimum Efficiency2 | Test procedure1 |
Air Conditioners, Air Cooled | [LESS THAN]65,000 Btu/h | Split system Single Package | 10.0 SEER 9.7 SEER | ARI 210/240 (RS-15)* |
[GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]65,000 Btu/h and [LESS THAN]135,00 Btu/h | Split System and Single Package | 8.9 EER3 8.3 IPLV3 | ARI 210/240 (RS-15)* | |
[GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]135,000 Btu/h and [LESS THAN]240,000 Btu/h | Split System and Single Package | 8.5 EER3 7.5 IPLV3 | ||
[GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]240,000 Btu/h and [LESS THAN]760,000 Btu/h | Split System and Single Package | 8.5 EER3 7.5 IPLV3 | ARI-340/360 (RS-16)* | |
[GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]760,000 Btu/h | Split System and Package | 8.3 EER3 7.5 IPLV3 | ARI-340/360 (RS-16)* | |
Air Conditioners, Water and Evaporatively Cooled | [LESS THAN]65,000 Btu/h | Split System and Single Package | 9.3 EER3 8.4 IPLV3 | ARI 210/240 (RS-15)* |
[GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]65,000 Btu/h and [LESS THAN]135,000 Btu/h | Split System and Single Package | 10.5 EERc 9.7 IPLVc | ARI 210/240 (RS-15)* | |
[GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]135,000 Btu/h and [LESS THAN]240,000 Btu/h | Split System and Single Package | 9.6 EERc 9.0 IPLVc | ARI-340/360 (RS-16)* | |
[GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]240,000 Btu/h | Split System and Single Package | 9.6 EERc 9.0 IPLVc | ARI-340/360 (RS-16)* | |
Condensing Units, Air Cooled | 135,000 Btu/h | 9.9 EER 11.0 IPLV | ARI 365 (RS-29)* | |
Condensing Units, Water or Evaporatively Cooled | 135,000 Btu/h | 12.9 EER 12.9 IPLV | ARI 365 (RS-29)* |
1 See subpart E for detailed references
2 IPLVs are only applicable to equipment with capacity modulation.
3 Deduct 0.2 from the required EERs and IPLVs for units that have a heating section.
* Incorporation by reference, see § 434.701
Table 403.1b-Unitary and Applied Heat Pumps, Electrically Operated, Minimum Efficiency Requirements
Equipment type | Size category | Subcategory or rating condition | Minimum efficiency2 | Test procedure1 |
Air Cooled (Cooling Mode) | [LESS THAN]65,000 Btu/h | Split System Single Package | 10.0 SEER 9.7 SEER | ARI 210/240 (RS-15)* |
[GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]65,000 Btu/h and [LESS THAN]135,000 Btu/h | Split System and Single Package | 8.9 EER3 8.3 IPLV3 | ARI 210/240 (RS-15)* | |
[GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]135,000 Btu/h and [LESS THAN]240,000 Btu/h | Split System and Single Package | 8.5 EER3 7.5 IPLV3 | ARI-340/360 (RS-16)* | |
[GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]240,000 Btu/h | Split System and Single Package | 8.5 EER3 7.5 IPLV3 | ARI-340/360 (RS-16)* | |
Water Source (Cooling Mode) | [LESS THAN]65,000 Btu/h | 85 °F Entering Water 75 °F Entering Water | 9.3 EER 10.2 EER | ARI-320 (RS-27)* |
[GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]65,000 Btu/h and [LESS THAN]135,000 Btu/h | 85 °F Entering Water 75 °F Entering Water | 10.5 EER 11.0 EER | ARI-320 (RS-27)* | |
Groundwater-Source (Cooling Mode) | [LESS THAN]135,000 Btu/h | 70 F Entering Water 50 F Entering Water | 11.0 EER 11.5 EER | ARI 325 (RS-28)* |
Ground Source (Cooling Mode) | [LESS THAN]135,000 Btu/h | 77 F Entering Water 70 F Entering Water | 10.0 EER 10.4 EER | ARI 325 (RS-28)* |
Air Cooled (Heating Mode) | [LESS THAN]65,000 Btu/h (Cooling Capacity) | Split System Single Package | 6.8 HSPF 6.6 HSPF | ARI 210/240 (RS-15)* |
65,000 Btu/h and [LESS THAN]135,000 Btu/h (Cooling Capacity) | 47 F db/43 F wb Outdoor Air 17 F db/15 F wb Outdoor Air | 3.00 COP 2.00 COP | ARI 210/240 (RS-15)* | |
135,000 Btu/h (Cooling Capacity) | 47 F db/43 F wb Outdoor Air 17 F db/15 F wb Outdoor | 2.90 COP 2.00 COP | ARI-340/360 (RS-1/)* | |
Water-Source (Heating Mode) | [LESS THAN]135,000 Btu/h (Cooling Capacity) | 70 F Entering Water 75 F Entering Water | 3.80 COP 3.90 COP | ARI-320 (RS-27)* |
Groundwater-Source (Heating Mode) | [LESS THAN]135,000 Btu/h (Cooling Capacity) | 70 F Entering Water 50 F Entering Water | 3.40 COP 3.00 COP | ARI 325 (RS-28)* |
Ground Source (Heating Mode) | [LESS THAN]135,000 Btu/h (Cooling Capacity) | 32 F Entering Water 41 F Entering Water | 2.50 EER 2.70 EER | ARI-330 (RS-45)* |
1 See subpart E for detailed references.
2 IPLVs are only applicable to equipment with capacity modulation.
3 Deduct 0.2 from the required EERs and IPLVs for units that have a heating section.
* Incorporation by reference, see § 434.701 .
Table 403.1c-Water Chilling Packages, Minimum Efficiency Requirements
Equipment type | Size category | Subcategory or rating condition | Minimum efficiency2 | Test procedure1 |
Air-Cooled, With Condenser, Electrically Operated | [LESS THAN]150 Tons [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]150 Tons | 2.70 COP 2.80 IPLV | 2.50 COP 2.50 IPLV | ARI 550 Centrifugal/Rotary Screw (RS-30)* or ARI 590 Reciprocating (RS-31)* |
Air-Cooled, Without Condenser, Electrically Operated | All Capacities | 3.10 COP 3.20 IPLV | ||
Water Cooled, Electrically Operated, Positive Displacement (Reciprocating) | All Capacities | 3.80 COP 3.90 IPLV | ||
Water Cooled, Electrically Operated, Positive Displacement (Rotary Screw and Scroll) | [LESS THAN]150 Tons [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]150 Tons and [LESS THAN]300 Tons [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]300 Tons | 3.80 COP 3.90 IPLV 4.20 COP 4.50 IPLV 5.20 COP 5.30 IPLV | ||
Water-Cooled, Electrically Operated, Centrifugal | [LESS THAN]150 Tons 150 Tons and [LESS THAN]300 Tons 300 Tons | 3.80 COP 3.90 IPLV 4.20 COP 4.50 IPLV 5.20 COP 5.30 IPLV | ARI 550 (RS-30)* | |
Absorption Single Effect | All Capacities | 0.48 COP | ||
Absorption Double Effect, Indirect-Fired | All Capacities | 0.95 COP 1.00 IPLV | ARI 560 (RS-46)* | |
Absorption Double-Effect, Direct-Fired | All Capacities | 0.95 COP 1.00 IPLV |
1 See subpart E for detailed references.
2 Equipment must comply with all efficiencies when multiple efficiencies are indicated.
*Incorporation by reference, see § 434.701 .
Table 403.1d-Packaged Terminal Air Conditioners, Packaged Terminal Heat Pumps, Room Air Conditioners, and Room Air-Conditioner Heat Pumps Electrically Operated, Minimum Efficiency Requirements
Equipment type | Size category | Subcategory or rating condition | Minimum efficiency2 | Test procedure1 |
PTAC (Cooling Mode) | All Capacities | 95 °F db Outdoor Air 82 °F db Outdoor Air | 10.0 - (0.16 * Cap/1,000)3EER 12.2 - (0.20 * Cap/1,000)3EER | ARI 310/380 (RS-17)* ARI 310/380 (RS-17)* |
PTHP (Cooling Mode) | All Capacities | 95 °F db Outdoor Air 82 °F db Outdoor Air | 10.0-(0.16 * Cap/1,000)3 EER 12.2-(0.20 * Cap/1,000) EER | |
PTHP (Heating Mode) | All Capacities | 2.90-(0.026 * CAP/1,000)3 COP | ||
Room Air Conditioners, With Louvered Sides | [LESS THAN]6,000 Btu/h [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]6,000 Btu/h and [LESS THAN]8,000 Btu/h [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]8,000 Btu/h and [LESS THAN]14,000 Btu/h [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]14,000 Btu/h and [LESS THAN]20,000 Btu/h [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]20,000 Btu/h | 8.0 EER 8.5 EER 9.0 EER 8.8 EER 8.2 EER | ANSI/AHAM RAC-1 (RS-40)* | |
Room Air Conditioner, Without Louvered Sides | [LESS THAN]6,000 Btu/h [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]6,000 Btu/h and [LESS THAN]20,000 Btu/h [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]20,000 Btu/h | 8.0 EER 8.5 EER 8.2 EER | ANSI/AHAM RAC-1 (RS-40)* | |
Room Air-Conditioner Heat Pumps With Louvered Sides | All Capacities | 8.5 EER | ANSI/AHAM RAC-1 (RS-40)* | |
Room Air-Conditioner Heat Pumps Without Louvered Sides | All Capacities | 8.0 EER | ANSI/AHAM RAC-1 (RS-40* |
1 See subpart E for detailed references.
2 Equipment must comply with all efficiencies when multiple efficiencies are indicated. (Note products covered by the 1992 Energy Policy Act have no efficiency requirement for operation at other than standard rating conditions for products manufactured after 1/1/94).
3 Cap means the rated capacity of the product in Btu/h. If the unit's capacity is less than 7,000 Btu/h, use 7,000 Btu/h in the calculation. If the unit's capacity is greater than 15,000 Btu/h, use 15,000 Btu/h in the calculation.
* Incorporation by reference, see § 434.701 .
Table 403.1e-Warm Air Furnaces and Combination Warm Air Furnaces/Air Conditioning Units, Warm Air Duct Furnaces and Unit Heaters, Minimum Efficiency Requirements
Equipment type | Size category | Subcategory or rating condition | Minimum efficiencyb e | Test procedurea |
Warm Air-Furnace, Gas-Fired | [LESS THAN]225,000 Btu/h | 78% AFUE or 80% Et | DOE 10 CFR 430 Appendix N | |
[GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]225,000 Btu/h | Maximum Capacityc Minimum Capacityc | 80% Et 78% Et | ANSI Z21.47 (RS-21)* | |
Warm Air-Furnace, Oil-Fired | [LESS THAN]225,000 Btu/h | 78% AFUE or 80% Etd | DOE 10 CFR 430 Appendix N | |
[GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]225,000 But/h | Maximum Capacityc Minimum Capacity | 81% Et 81% Et | U.L. 727 (RS-22)* | |
Warm Air Duct Furnaces, Gas-Fired | All Capacities | Maximum Capacityc Minimum Capacity | 78% Et 75% Et | ANSI Z83.9 (RS-23) |
Warm Air Unit Heaters, Gas Fired | All Capacities | Maximum Capacityc Minimum Capacity | 78% Et 74% Et | ANSI Z83.8 (RS-24)* |
Oil-Fired | All Capacities | Maximum Capacityc Minimum Capacity | 81% Et 81% Et | U.L. 731 (RS-25)* |
a See subpart E for detailed references.
b Minimum and maximum ratings as provided for and allowed by the unit's controls.
c Combination units not covered by NAECA (Three-phase power or cooling capacity [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]65,000 Btu/h) may comply with either rating.
d Et = thermal efficiency. See referenced document for detailed discussion.
e Ec = combustion efficiency. Units must also include an IID and either power venting or a flue damper. For those furnaces where combustion air is drawn from the conditioned space, a vent damper may be substituted for a flue damper.
* Incorporation by reference, see § 434.701
Table 403.1f-Boilers, Gas- and Oil-Fired, Minimum Efficiency Requirements
Equipment type | Size category | Subcategory or rating condition | Minimum efficiencyb | Test procedurea |
Boilers, Gas-Fired | [LESS THAN]300,000 Btu/h | Hot Water | 80% AGUE | DOE 10 CFR 430 Appendix N |
Steam | 75% AGUE | DOE 10 CFR 430 Appendix N | ||
[LESS THAN]300,000 Btu/h | Maximum Capacityc Minimum Capacity | 80% Ec 80% Ec | ANSI Z21.13 (RS-32)* | |
Boilers, Oil-Fired | [LESS THAN]300,000 Btu/h | 80% AGUE | DOE 10 CFR 430 (RS-20)* | |
[LESS THAN]300,000 Btu/h | Maximum Capacityc Minimum Capacity | 83% Ec 83% Ec | U.L. 726 (RS-33)* | |
Oil-Fired (Residual) | [LESS THAN]3000,000 Btu/h | Maximum Capacityc Minimum Capacity | 83% Ec 83% Ec |
a See subpart E for detailed references.
b Minimum and maximum ratings as provided for and allowed by the unit's controls.
c Ec = combustion efficiency (100% less flue losses). See reference document for detailed information.
* Incorporation by reference, see § 434.701 .
Table 403.2.9.1-Minimum Pipe Insulation (in.) a
Insulation conductivitya | Nominal pipe diameter (in.) | ||||||
Fluid Design Operating Temp. Range (F) | Conductivity Range Btu in./(h ft2 F) | Mean Temp. F | [LESS THAN]1.0 | 1.0 to 1.25 | 1.5 to 3.0 | 4.0 to 6.0 | 8.0 |
Heating systems (Steam, Steam Condensate, and Hot Water)b c | |||||||
[GREATER THAN]350 | 0.32-0.34 | 250 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.5 |
251-350 | 0.29-0.32 | 200 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
201-250 | 0.27-0.30 | 150 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
141-200 | 0.25-0.29 | 125 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
105-140 | 0.22-0.28 | 100 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.75 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Domestic and Service Hot Water Systems | |||||||
105 and Greater | 0.22-0.28 | 100 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.75 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Cooling Systems (Chilled Water, Brine, and Refrigerant)d | |||||||
40-55 | 0.22-0.28 | 100 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
Below 40 | 0.22-0.28 | 100 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
a For insulation outside the stated conductivity range, the minimum thickness (T) shall be determined as follows: T = r{1 + t/r)K/k - 1}
Where T = minimum insulation thickness (in), r = actual outside radius of pipe (in), t = insulation thickness listed in this table for applicable fluid temperature and pipe size, K = conductivity of alternate material at mean rating temperature indicated for the applicable fluid temperature (Btu in/h ft2 F); and k = the upper value of the conductivity range listed in this table for the applicable fluid temperature.
b These thicknesses are based on energy efficiency considerations only. Safety issues, such as insulation surface temperatures, have not been considered.
c Piping insulation is not required between the control valve and coil on run-outs when the control valve is located within four feet of the coil and the pipe diameter is 1 inch or less.
d Note that the required minimum thickness does not take water vapor transmission and possible surface condensation into account.
Table 403.2.9.2-Minimum Duct Insulation R-value a
Duct location | Cooling supply ducts | Heating supply ducts | Return ducts | ||||||
CDD65 [LESS THAN EQUAL TO]500 | 500 [LESS THAN]CDD65 [LESS THAN EQUAL TO]1,000 | 1,000 [LESS THAN]CDD65 [LESS THAN EQUAL TO]2,000 | CDD65 [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]2,000 | HDD65 [LESS THAN EQUAL TO]1,500 | 1,500 [LESS THAN]HDD65 [LESS THAN EQUAL TO]4,500 | 4,500 [LESS THAN]HDD65 [LESS THAN EQUAL TO]7,500 | HDD65 [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]7,500 | ||
Exterior of Building | R-3.3 | R-5.0 | R-6.5 | R-8.0 | R-3.3 | R-5.0 | R-6.5 | R-8.0 | R-5.0 |
Ventilated Attic | R-3.3 | R-3.3 | R-3.3 | R-5.0 | R-5.0 | R-5.0 | R-5.0 | R-5.0 | R-3.3 |
Unvented Attic | R-5.0 | R-5.0 | R-5.0 | R-5.0 | R-5.0 | R-5.0 | R-5.0 | R-5.0 | R-3.3 |
Other Conditioned Spacesb | R-3.3 | R-3.3 | R-3.3 | R-3.3 | R-3.3 | R-3.3 | R-3.3 | R-3.3 | R-3.3 |
Indirectly Conditioned Spacesc | none | R-3.3 | R-3.3 | R-3.3 | R-3.3 | R-3.3 | R-3.3 | R-3.3 | none |
Buried | none | none | none | none | R-5.0 | R-5.0 | R-5.0 | R-5.0 | R-3.3 |
a Insulation R-values, measured in (h.ft2.°F)/Btu, are for the insulation as installed and do not include film resistance. The required minimum thickness do not consider water vapor transmission and possible surface condensation. The required minimum thicknesses do not consider water vapor transmission and condensation. For ducts that are designed to convey both heated and cooled air, duct insulation shall be as required by the most restrictive condition. Where exterior walls are used as plenum walls, wall insulation shall be as required by the most restrictive condition of this section or subsection 402. Insulation resistance measured on a horizontal plane in accordance with RS-6 (incorporated by reference, see § 434.701 ) at a mean temperature of 75 °F. RS-6 is in incorporated by reference at § 434.701 .
b Includes crawl spaces, both ventilated and non-ventilated.
c Includes return air plenums, with and without exposed roofs above.
10 C.F.R. §434.403