The Secretary shall develop and implement measures for evaluating, on an annual or more frequent basis, the effectiveness of the supplemental nutrition assistance program in achieving its stated objectives, including, but not limited to, the program's impact upon the nutritional and economic status of participating households, the program's impact upon all sectors of the agricultural economy, including farmers and ranchers, as well as retail food stores, and the program's relative fairness to households of different income levels, different age composition, different size, and different regions of residence. Further, the Secretary shall, by way of making contracts with or grants to public or private organizations or agencies, implement pilot programs to test various means of measuring on a continuing basis the nutritional status of low income people, with special emphasis on people who are eligible for supplemental nutrition assistance, in order to develop minimum common criteria and methods for systematic nutrition monitoring that could be applied on a nationwide basis. The locations of the pilot programs shall be selected to provide a representative geographic and demographic cross-section of political subdivisions that reflect natural usage patterns of health and nutritional services and that contain high proportions of low income people. The Secretary shall report on the progress of these pilot programs on an annual basis commencing on July 1, 1982, to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate, together with such recommendations as the Secretary deems appropriate.
Subject to the other provisions of this subsection, a State may elect to carry out an employment initiatives program under this subsection.
A State shall be eligible to carry out an employment initiatives program under this subsection only if not less than 50 percent of the households in the State that received supplemental nutrition assistance program benefits during the summer of 1993 also received benefits under a State program funded under part A of title IV of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) during the summer of 1993.
A State that has elected to carry out an employment initiatives program under paragraph (1) may use amounts equal to the allotments that would otherwise be issued to a household under the supplemental nutrition assistance program, but for the operation of this subsection, to provide cash benefits in lieu of the allotments to the household if the household is eligible under paragraph (3).
The Secretary shall pay to each State that has elected to carry out an employment initiatives program under paragraph (1) an amount equal to the value of the allotment that each household participating in the program in the State would be eligible to receive under this chapter but for the operation of this subsection.
For purposes of the supplemental nutrition assistance program (other than this subsection)-
Each State that has elected to carry out an employment initiatives program under paragraph (1) shall-
A household shall be eligible to receive cash benefits under paragraph (2) if an adult member of the household-
A State that operates a program under this subsection for 2 years shall provide to the Secretary a written evaluation of the impact of cash assistance under this subsection. The State agency, with the concurrence of the Secretary, shall determine the content of the evaluation.
The Secretary shall conduct a study of the effects of reductions made in benefits provided under this chapter pursuant to part 1 of subtitle A of title I of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981, the Food Stamp and Commodity Distribution Amendments of 1981, the Food Stamp Act Amendments of 1982, and any other laws enacted by the Ninety-seventh Congress which affect the supplemental nutrition assistance program. The study shall include a study of the effect of retrospective accounting and periodic reporting procedures established under such Acts, including the impact on benefit and administrative costs and on error rates and the degree to which eligible households are denied supplemental nutrition assistance program benefits for failure to file complete periodic reports. The Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate an interim report on the results of such study no later than February 1, 1984, and a final report on the results of such study no later than March 1, 1985.
In order to encourage States to plan, design, develop, and implement a system for making supplemental nutrition assistance program benefits available through the use of intelligent benefit cards or other automated or electronic benefit delivery systems, the Secretary may conduct one or more pilot or experimental projects, subject to the restrictions imposed by subsection (b)(1) and section 2016(f)(2) of this title, designed to test whether the use of such cards or systems can enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of program operations while ensuring that individuals receive correct benefit amounts on a timely basis. Intelligent benefit cards developed under such a demonstration project shall contain information, encoded on a computer chip embedded in a credit card medium, including the eligibility of the individual and the amount of benefits to which such individual is entitled. Any other automated or electronic benefit delivery system developed under such a demonstration project shall be able to use a plastic card to access such information from a data file.
In order to assess the effectiveness of the employment and training programs established under section 2015(d) of this title in placing individuals into the work force and withdrawing such individuals from the supplemental nutrition assistance program, the Secretary is authorized to carry out studies comparing the pre- and post-program labor force participation, wage rates, family income, level of receipt of supplemental nutrition assistance program and other transfer payments, and other relevant information, for samples of participants in such employment and training programs as compared to the appropriate control or comparison groups that did not participate in such programs. Such studies shall, to the maximum extent possible-
The results of such studies and reports shall be considered in developing or updating the performance standards required under section 2015 of this title.
The Secretary shall conduct a sufficient number of demonstration projects to evaluate the effects, in both rural and urban areas, of including in financial resources under section 2014(g) of this title the fair market value of licensed vehicles to the extent the value of each vehicle exceeds $4,500, but excluding the value of-
The Secretary shall conduct, under such terms and conditions as the Secretary shall prescribe, for a period not to exceed 4 years, projects to test allowing not more than 11,000 eligible households, in the aggregate, to accumulate resources up to $10,000 each (which shall be excluded from consideration as a resource) for later expenditure for a purpose directly related to improving the education, training, or employability (including self-employment) of household members, for the purchase of a home for the household, for a change of the household's residence, or for making major repairs to the household's home.
The Secretary shall use up to $4,000,000 of the funds provided in advance in appropriations Acts for projects authorized by this section to conduct demonstration projects in which State or local supplemental nutrition assistance program agencies test innovative ideas for working with State or local law enforcement agencies to investigate and prosecute benefit trafficking.
The Secretary shall carry out, under such terms and conditions as the Secretary considers to be appropriate, pilot projects to develop and test methods-
In carrying out this subsection, the Secretary may enter into competitively awarded contracts or cooperative agreements with, or provide grants to, public or private organizations or agencies (as defined by the Secretary), for use in accordance with projects that meet the strategy goals of this subsection.
To be eligible to receive a contract, cooperative agreement, or grant under this paragraph, an organization shall submit to the Secretary an application at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Secretary may require.
Pilot projects shall be evaluated against publicly disseminated criteria that may include-
Funds provided under this paragraph shall not be used for any project that limits the use of benefits under this chapter.
Pilot projects carried out under paragraph (1) may include projects to determine whether healthier food purchases by and healthier diets among households participating in the supplemental nutrition assistance program result from projects that-
The Secretary shall provide for an independent evaluation of projects selected under this subsection that measures the impact of the pilot program on health and nutrition as described in paragraph (1).
The independent evaluation under subclause (I) shall use rigorous methodologies, particularly random assignment or other methods that are capable of producing scientifically valid information regarding which activities are effective.
The Secretary may use funds provided to carry out this section to pay costs associated with monitoring and evaluating each pilot project.
Not later than 90 days after the last day of fiscal year 2009 and each fiscal year thereafter until the completion of the last evaluation under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report that includes a description of-
In addition to the reporting requirements under subparagraph (B), evaluation results shall be shared broadly to inform policy makers, service providers, other partners, and the public in order to promote wide use of successful strategies.
There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary to carry out this section for each of fiscal years 2008 through 2012.
Out of any funds made available under section 2027 of this title, on October 1, 2008, the Secretary shall make available $20,000,000 to carry out a project described in paragraph (3)(E), to remain available until expended.
Subject to the requirements of this chapter, including protections under section 2020(e)(8) of this title, States, State agencies, local agencies, institutions, facilities such as data consortiums, and contractors participating in programs authorized under this chapter shall-
The Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Health and Human Services, shall conduct an independent evaluation of a representative sample of States-
The evaluation under paragraph (1) shall include, to the maximum extent practicable, an assessment of-
Each State agency selected under paragraph (1) shall provide information to the Secretary necessary to conduct the evaluation under such paragraph.
Not later than 3 years after December 20, 2018, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report describing the findings from the evaluation conducted under paragraph (1).
Subject to paragraphs (3) through (5), a State agency may, on approval by the Secretary, establish a longitudinal database that contains information about households and members of households that receive benefits under the supplemental nutrition assistance program in the State.
Each longitudinal database established under paragraph (1) shall be used solely to conduct research on participation in and the operation of the supplemental nutrition assistance program, including duration of participation in the program.
Prior to the approval of State agencies to establish longitudinal databases under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall-
Subject to subparagraph (B), each longitudinal database established under paragraph (1)-
Any State that establishes a longitudinal database under paragraph (1) shall, in accordance with all applicable Federal and State privacy standards and requirements-
The Secretary shall approve the establishment of longitudinal databases under paragraph (1) in States that-
In carrying out this subsection, the Secretary may provide grants to States that have been approved by the Secretary in accordance with paragraph (5) out of funds made available under paragraph (9).
Grants awarded under this paragraph shall be made in such amounts and under such terms and conditions as the Secretary determines necessary to carry out the purposes of this subsection.
Not later than 4 years after the effective date of this subsection, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report on the feasibility of expanding implementation of longitudinal databases to every State.
The report required under subparagraph (A) shall describe-
Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to prevent or limit the ability of State agencies to establish or continue operating databases used for purposes similar to the purposes outlined in this subsection.
Of the funds made available under section 2027 of this title, the Secretary shall use to carry out this subsection-
1See References in Text note below.
2So in original. Probably should be "farmers'".
7 U.S.C. § 2026
EDITORIAL NOTES
REFERENCES IN TEXTThe Social Security Act, referred to in subsecs. (b)(1)(B)(v), (vi), (2)(A), (B), (I), (d)(1)(B), (3)(C), and (m)(2)(A)(ii), is act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620. Title IV, part A of title IV, title XVI, and title XIX of the Act are classified generally to subchapter IV (§601 et seq.), part A (§601 et seq.) of subchapter IV, subchapter XVI (§1381 et seq.), and subchapter XIX (§1396 et seq.), respectively, of chapter 7 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. Part F of title IV of the Act was classified generally to part F (§681 et seq.) of subchapter IV of chapter 7 of Title 42, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 104-193, title I, §108(e), Aug. 22, 1996, 110 Stat. 2167. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1305 of Title 42 and Tables. Sections 481 to 487 of the Social Security Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(2)(C), (E), were classified to section 681 to 687, respectively, of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 104-193, title I, §108(e), Aug. 22, 1996, 110 Stat. 2167.Section 402 of the Social Security Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(2)(C), which was classified to section 602 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, was repealed and a new section 402 enacted by Pub. L. 104-193, title I, §103(a)(1), Aug. 22, 1996, 110 Stat. 2112, and, as so enacted, no longer contains subsecs. (a)(19) and (g).The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981, referred to in subsec. (e), is Pub. L. 97-35, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 357. Part 1 of subtitle A of title I of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act amended this chapter generally. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.The Food Stamp and Commodity Distribution Amendments of 1981, referred to in subsec. (e), is title XIII of Pub. L. 97-98, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1282, which amended this chapter generally. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1981 Amendment note set out under section 2011 of this title and Tables.The Food Stamp Act Amendments of 1982, referred to in subsec. (e), is subtitle E of title I of Pub. L. 97-253, Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 772, which amended this chapter generally. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1982 Amendment note set out under section 2011 of this title and Tables.The Child Care and Development Block Grant Act of 1990, referred to in subsec. (m)(2)(A)(ii), is subchapter C (§658A et seq.) of chapter 8 of subtitle A of title VI of Pub. L. 97-35 as added by Pub. L. 101-508, title V, §5082(2), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388-236, which is classified generally to subchapter II-B (§9857 et seq.) of chapter 105 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 9857(a) of Title 42 and Tables.The effective date of this subsection, referred to in subsec. (n)(7)(A), probably means the date of enactment of Pub. L. 115-334 which added subsec. (n) and which was approved Dec. 20, 2018.
CODIFICATION Pub. L. 110-234 and Pub. L. 110-246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110-234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110-246.
AMENDMENTS2018-Subsec. (b)(1)(B)(iv)(III)(aa). Pub. L. 115-334, §4022(7), substituted "2012(m)" for "2012(n)".Subsec. (b)(2), (3). Pub. L. 115-334, §4005(e), redesignated par. (3) as (2) and struck out former par. (2) which related to two pilot projects involving the performance of work in return for supplemental nutrition assistance program benefits and joint issuance of initial and interim reports by the Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of Labor to appropriate committees of Congress and a final report describing the results of such projects based upon their operation from commencement through the fiscal year ending Sept. 30, 1981.Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 115-334, §4014, added subsec. (m).Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 115-334, §4015(a), added subsec. (n). 2014-Subsec. (b)(1)(B)(iv)(III)(hh). Pub. L. 113-79, §4022(b)(3), inserted "(h)(1)(F)," after "(g),".Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 113-128 substituted "a program carried out under title I of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act" for "a program carried out under title I of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998".Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 113-79, §4023, added subsec. (l). 2008-Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 110-246, §4001(b), substituted "supplemental nutrition assistance program" for "food stamp program".Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 110-246, §4115(b)(12)(A), substituted "benefit issuance" for "coupon issuance". Pub. L. 110-246, §4002(a)(9)(A), substituted "supplemental nutrition assistance program benefits" for "food stamp benefits" in two places.Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 110-246, §4002(a)(9)(B)(i)(I), substituted "supplemental nutrition assistance program benefits" for "food stamp benefits". Pub. L. 110-246, §4001(b), substituted "efficiency of the supplemental nutrition assistance program" for "efficiency of the food stamp program".Subsec. (b)(1)(B)(i)(I). Pub. L. 110-246, §4001(b), substituted "supplemental nutrition assistance program" for "food stamp program". Subsec. (b)(1)(B)(ii)(II). Pub. L. 110-246, §4002(a)(9)(B)(i)(II)(aa), substituted "supplemental nutrition assistance program recipients" for "food stamp recipients".Subsec. (b)(1)(B)(iii)(I). Pub. L. 110-246, §4002(a)(9)(B)(i)(II)(bb), substituted "the number of households in the State receiving supplemental nutrition assistance program benefits" for "the State's food stamp households". Subsec. (b)(1)(B)(iv). Pub. L. 110-246, §4115(b)(12)(B)(i)(I), in subcl. (I) inserted "or otherwise providing benefits in a form not restricted to the purchase of food" after "the form of cash", in subcl. (III)(aa) substituted "section 2012(n)" for "section 2012(i)", and in subcl. (VII) substituted "section 2016(i)" for "section 2016(j)".Subsec. (b)(1)(B)(iv)(IV)(bb). Pub. L. 110-246, §4002(a)(9)(B)(i)(II)(cc), substituted "supplemental nutrition assistance program deductions" for "food stamp deductions".Subsec. (b)(1)(B)(v). Pub. L. 110-246, §4115(b)(12)(B)(i)(II), struck out "countersigned food coupons or similar" before "identification mechanisms" and substituted "EBT cards" for "food coupons".Subsec. (b)(1)(B)(vi). Pub. L. 110-246, §4406(a)(5), substituted "Subject to the availability of appropriations under section 2027(a) of this title, any pilot" for "Any pilot" and struck out "through October 1, 2007," after "shall be continued". Subsec. (b)(1)(C)(i)(I). Pub. L. 110-246, §4115(b)(12)(B)(ii), substituted "EBT cards" for "coupons". Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 110-246, §4002(a)(9)(B)(ii), substituted "supplemental nutrition assistance program benefits" for "food stamp benefits". Pub. L. 110-246, §4001(b), substituted "participate in the supplemental nutrition assistance program" for "participate in the food stamp program".Subsec. (b)(3)(A). Pub. L. 110-246, §4002(a)(9)(B)(iii)(I), substituted "supplemental nutrition assistance program employment" for "food stamp employment".Subsec. (b)(3)(B). Pub. L. 110-246, §4002(a)(9)(B)(iii)(II), substituted "supplemental nutrition assistance program recipients" for "food stamp recipients". Subsec. (b)(3)(C). Pub. L. 110-246, §4002(a)(9)(B)(iii)(III), substituted "supplemental nutrition assistance program benefits" for "food stamps".Subsec. (b)(3)(D). Pub. L. 110-246, §4002(a)(9)(B)(iii)(IV), substituted "supplemental nutrition assistance program benefits" for "food stamp benefits". Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 110-246, §4002(a)(9)(C), substituted "eligible for supplemental nutrition assistance" for "eligible for food stamps". Pub. L. 110-246, §4001(b), substituted "effectiveness of the supplemental nutrition assistance program" for "effectiveness of the food stamp program". Subsec. (d)(1)(B). Pub. L. 110-246, §4002(a)(9)(D)(i), substituted "supplemental nutrition assistance program benefits" for "food stamp benefits". Subsec. (d)(2)(A). Pub. L. 110-246, §4002(a)(9)(D)(ii)(I), substituted "allotments" for "food stamp allotments" in two places. Pub. L. 110-246, §4001(b), substituted "supplemental nutrition assistance program" for "food stamp program". Subsec. (d)(2)(C). Pub. L. 110-246, §4001(b), substituted "supplemental nutrition assistance program" for "food stamp program" in introductory provisions.Subsec. (d)(2)(C)(ii). Pub. L. 110-246, §4002(a)(9)(D)(ii)(II), substituted "supplemental nutrition assistance program benefits" for "food stamp benefit".Subsec. (d)(3)(E). Pub. L. 110-246, §4002(a)(9)(D)(iii), substituted "supplemental nutrition assistance program benefits" for "food stamp benefits". Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 110-246, §4002(a)(9)(E), substituted "supplemental nutrition assistance program benefits" for "food stamp benefits". Pub. L. 110-246, §4001(b), substituted "affect the supplemental nutrition assistance program" for "affect the food stamp program".Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 110-246, §4115(b)(12)(C), substituted "section 2016(f)(2)" for "section 2016(g)(2)". Pub. L. 110-246, §4002(a)(9)(E), substituted "supplemental nutrition assistance program benefits" for "food stamp benefits". Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 110-246, §4002(a)(9)(F), substituted "receipt of supplemental nutrition assistance program and other transfer payments" for "receipt of food stamp and other transfer payments" in introductory provisions. Pub. L. 110-246, §4001(b), substituted "from the supplemental nutrition assistance program" for "from the food stamp program" in introductory provisions.Subsec. (h)(2). Pub. L. 110-246, §4001(b), substituted "supplemental nutrition assistance program" for "food stamp program".Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 110-246, §4115(b)(12)(D), substituted "benefit trafficking" for "coupon trafficking". Pub. L. 110-246, §4002(a)(9)(G), substituted "supplemental nutrition assistance program agencies" for "food stamp agencies". Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 110-246, §4141, added subsec. (k). 2002-Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 107-171, §4123(a), substituted "enter into contracts with or make grants to public or private organizations or agencies under this section to" for ",by way of making contracts with or grants to public or private organizations or agencies," and inserted at end "The waiver authority of the Secretary under subsection (b) shall extend to all contracts and grants under this section." Subsec. (b)(1)(B)(iv)(III)(aa). Pub. L. 107-171, §4112(b)(4), substituted "paragraphs (4) and (5) of section 2012(i) of this title" for "the last 2 sentences of section 2012(i) of this title". Subsec. (b)(1)(B)(vi). Pub. L. 107-171, §4122(b), substituted "2007" for "2002".Subsecs. (i) to (k). Pub. L. 107-171, §4116(b), redesignated subsecs. (j) and (k) as (i) and (j), respectively, and struck out former subsec. (i) which related to grants to improve food stamp participation.1998-Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 105-277, §101(f) [title VIII, §405(f)(2)(C)], in second sentence, struck out "the Job Training Partnership Act or" before "title I of the Workforce". Pub. L. 105-277, §101(f) [title VIII, §405(d)(2)(C)], in second sentence, substituted "to accept an offer of employment from a political subdivision or provider pursuant to a program carried out under the Job Training Partnership Act or title I of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998," for "to accept an offer of employment from a political subdivision or a prime sponsor pursuant to the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act of 1973, as amended ( 29 U.S.C. 812 )," and substituted ",if all of the jobs supported under the program have been made available to participants in the program before the political subdivision or provider providing the jobs extends an offer of employment under this paragraph, and if the political subdivision or provider, in employing the person, complies with the requirements of Federal law that relate to the program." for ":Provided, That all of the political subdivision's or prime sponsor's public service jobs supported under the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act of 1973, as amended ( 29 U.S.C. 812 ), are filled before such subdivision or sponsor can extend a job offer pursuant to this paragraph: Provided further, That the sponsor of each such project shall provide the assurances required of prime sponsors under section 205(c)(7), (8), (15), (19), and (24) of the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act of 1973, as amended ( 29 U.S.C. 845(c) ), and the Secretary shall require such sponsors to comply with the conditions contained in sections 208(a)(1), (4), and (5) and (c) and 703(4) of the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act of 1973, as amended ( 29 U.S.C. 848(a) and (c) and 983 )."1997-Subsec. (b)(1)(B)(iv)(VII). Pub. L. 105-18 added subcl. (VII). 1996-Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 104-193, §§850, 851, in first sentence, substituted "benefits to eligible households, and may waive any requirement of this chapter to the extent necessary for the project to be conducted." along with subpar. (B) heading, cls. (i) to (iv), cl. (v) of subpar. (B) heading, and "A pilot or experimental project may include" for "benefits to eligible households, including", in subpar. (B)(v), substituted "are receiving assistance under a State program funded under part A of title IV of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 601 et seq.)" for "to aid to families with dependent children under part A of title IV of the Social Security Act", substituted "coupons." along with cl. (vi) of subpar. (B) heading and "Any pilot" for "coupons. The Secretary may waive the requirements of this chapter to the degree necessary for such projects to be conducted, except that no project, other than a project involving the payment of the average value of allotments by household size in the form of cash to eligible households or a project conducted under paragraph (3), shall be implemented which would lower or further restrict the income or resource standards or benefit levels provided pursuant to sections 2014 and 2017 of this title. Any pilot", redesignated former subpar. (B) as (C), and added subpar. (D). Pub. L. 104-193, §109(d)(1), which directed substitution of "or are receiving assistance under a State program funded under part A of title IV of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 601 et seq.)" for "to aid to families with dependent children under part A of title IV of the Social Security Act" in first sentence of subsec. (b)(1)(A), effective July 1, 1997, could not be executed because of amendment by Pub. L. 104-193 which redesignated portions of subsec. (b)(1)(A) and struck out the language sought to be amended. See above. Pub. L. 104-127, §401(c), substituted "October 1, 2002" for "October 1, 1995" in last sentence of par. (1)(A).Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 104-193, §815(b)(1), substituted "section 2015(d)(1)(A)(i)" for "section 2015(d)(1)(i)" in second sentence. Subsec. (b)(3)(I). Pub. L. 104-193, §109(d)(2), added subpar. (I). Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 104-193, §852, added subsec. (d) and struck out former subsec. (d) which authorized pilot projects for employment of applicants and recipients, defined "qualification period", and provided for exceptions, waiver of requirements, and reestablishment of eligibility. Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 104-193, §854(c)(2), redesignated subsec. (j) as (i) and struck out former subsec. (i) which authorized four demonstration projects, in both urban and rural areas, under which households in which each member received benefits under State plan approved under part A of title IV of Social Security Act would be issued monthly allotments following rules and procedures of programs under part A of title IV of Social Security Act, and without regard to eligibility, benefit, and administrative rules established under this chapter. Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 104-193, §854(c)(2), redesignated subsec. (k) as (j). Former subsec. (j) redesignated (i). Subsec. (j)(1)(A). Pub. L. 104-127, §401(d), substituted "2002" for "1995".Subsecs. (k), (l). Pub. L. 104-193, §854(c)(2)(B), redesignated subsec. (l) as (k). Former subsec. (k) redesignated (j). 1994-Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 103-225 added subsec. (l).1993-Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 103-66 added subsec. (k).1991-Subsec. (b)(3)(C). Pub. L. 102-237 inserted a closing parenthesis after "402(g)(1)(A)". 1990-Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101-624, §1731, designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 101-624, §1756(1), inserted "or a project conducted under paragraph (3)" after "eligible households" in second sentence of subpar. (A). Pub. L. 101-624, §1755, designated existing provisions as subpar. (A) and added subpar. (B). Pub. L. 101-624, §1754, substituted "1995" for "1990". Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 101-624, §1756(2), added par. (3).Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 101-624, §1729(b), struck out par. (1) designation preceding text. Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 101-624, §1757, added subsec. (h). Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 101-624, §1758, added subsec. (i). Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 101-624, §1759, added subsec. (j). 1988-Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 100-435, §504, added subsec. (f).Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 100-435, §505, added subsec. (g).1985-Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 99-198, §1540(a), substituted "October 1, 1990" for "December 31, 1985". Pub. L. 99-182 substituted "December 31, 1985" for "December 13, 1985". Pub. L. 99-157 substituted "December 13, 1985" for "November 15, 1985". Pub. L. 99-114 substituted "through November 15, 1985" for "until October 1, 1985". Subsecs. (d) to (f). Pub. L. 99-198, §1540(b), (c), struck out subsec. (d) which had authorized the Secretary to conduct statewide pilot projects respecting the processing of applications for certain recipients, and redesignated subsecs. (e) and (f) as (d) and (e), respectively. 1982-Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 97-253, §§152(c), 190, redesignated subsec. (f) as (d), and struck out former subsec. (d), which provided that notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary has required, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, to conduct a study, through the use of Federal income tax data, of the feasibility, alternative methods of implementation, and the effects of a program to recover food stamp benefits from members of eligible households in which the adjusted gross income of members of such households for a calendar year (as defined by the Internal Revenue Code of 1954) exceeded twice the income poverty guidelines set forth in section 2014(c) of this title, and that such study had to be conducted in rural and urban areas only on a voluntary basis by food stamp recipients, and that the Secretary was required, no later than twelve months and eighteen months from September 29, 1977, to report the results of the study to the Committees on Agriculture and Ways and Means of the House of Representatives and to the Committees on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry and Finance of the Senate, together with such recommendations as the Secretary deemed appropriate.Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 97-253, §§152(c), 190, redesignated subsec. (g) as (e) and struck out former subsec. (e) which provided for a study of the Consumer Price Index and other alternative consumer price or cost-of-living indices. Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 97-253, §190(d), redesignated subsec. (h) as (f). Former subsec. (f) redesignated (d).Subsecs. (g), (h). Pub. L. 97-253, §§181, 182, 190, added subsecs. (g) and (h) and redesignated them as (e) and (f), respectively. 1981-Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 97-98, §1328, substituted "may conduct" for "is authorized to conduct", "age sixty-five or over and any of whose members are entitled to supplemental security income benefits under title XVI of the Social Security Act or to aid to families with dependent children under part A of title IV of the Social Security Act" for "either age sixty-five or over or entitled to supplemental security income benefits under title XVI of the Social Security Act", and "October 1, 1985" for "October 1, 1981" and inserted "or the average value of allotments by household size" after "value of allotments", ",other than a project involving the payment of the average value of allotments by household size in the form of cash to eligible households," after "no project", "and operating as of October 1, 1981," after "under this paragraph" and "all of whose members are either age sixty-five or over or entitled to supplemental security income benefits under title XVI of the Social Security Act" before "shall be continued". Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 97-98, §1329, inserted provision authorizing the Secretary to implement pilot programs to test various means of measuring on a continual basis the nutritional status of low income people in order to develop minimum common criteria and methods for systematic nutrition monitoring that could be applied on a nationwide basis and directing the Secretary to report on the progress of these pilot programs on an annual basis commencing on July 1, 1982, to designated Congressional committees.Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 97-98, §1330, added subsec. (f). 1980-Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 96-249, §130, inserted provisions requiring that any pilot or experimental project implemented under this paragraph involving the payment of the value of allotments in the form of cash to eligible households be continued until October 1, 1981, if the State so requests.Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 96-249, §§131, 132, inserted "(ten days in at least one pilot project area designated by the Secretary)" after "thirty days" and substituted "interim reports no later than October 1, 1979, October 1, 1980, and March 30, 1981, shall issue a final report describing the results of such pilot project based upon their operation from their commencement through the fiscal year ending September 30, 1981, and shall pay to the agencies or organizations operating such pilot projects 50 per centum of all administrative costs involved in such operation" for "an interim report no later than October 1, 1979, and shall issue a final report describing the results of such pilot projects no later than October 1, 1980". Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 96-249, §133, added subsec. (e). 1978-Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 95-400 required issuance of an interim report no later than Oct. 1, 1979, and substituted requirement for issuance of a final report no later than Oct. 1, 1980, for prior requirement of a final report no later than eighteen months following Sept. 29, 1977. 1977- Pub. L. 95-113 substituted provisions relating to research, demonstrations, and evaluations for provisions relating to the purchase with coupons of hunting and fishing equipment for procuring food by members of eligible households living in Alaska.
STATUTORY NOTES AND RELATED SUBSIDIARIES
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2014 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 113-128 effective on the first day of the first full program year after July 22, 2014 (July 1, 2015), see section 506 of Pub. L. 113-128 set out as an Effective Date note under section 3101 of Title 29, Labor.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2008 AMENDMENT Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110-234 by Pub. L. 110-246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110-234 except as otherwise provided, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110-246 set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title. Amendment by sections 4001(b), 4002(a)(9), 4115(b)(12), 4141, and 4406(a)(5) of Pub. L. 110-246 effective Oct. 1, 2008, see section 4407 of Pub. L. 110-246 set out as a note under section 1161 of Title 2, The Congress.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2002 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 107-171, title IV, §4123(b), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 324, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section] take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [May 13, 2002]."Amendment by sections 4112(b)(4), 4116(b), and 4122(b) of Pub. L. 107-171 effective Oct. 1, 2002, except as otherwise provided, see section 4405 of Pub. L. 107-171 set out as an Effective Date note under section 1161 of Title 2, The Congress.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1998 AMENDMENT Amendment by section 101(f) [title VIII, §405(d)(2)(C)] of Pub. L. 105-277 effective Oct. 21, 1998, and amendment by section 101(f) [title VIII, §405(f)(2)(C)] of Pub. L. 105-277 effective July 1, 2000, see section 101(f) [title VIII, §405(g)(1), (2)(B)] of Pub. L. 105-277 set out as a note under section 3502 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1996 AMENDMENT Amendment by section 109(d) of Pub. L. 104-193 effective July 1, 1997, with transition rules relating to State options to accelerate such date, rules relating to claims, actions, and proceedings commenced before such date, rules relating to closing out of accounts for terminated or substantially modified programs and continuance in office of Assistant Secretary for Family Support, and provisions relating to termination of entitlement under AFDC program, see section 116 of Pub. L. 104-193 as amended, set out as an Effective Date note under section 601 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1993 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 103-66 effective, and to be implemented beginning on, Oct. 1, 1993, see section 13971(a) of Pub. L. 103-66 set out as a note under section 2025 of this title.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1991 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 102-237 effective and to be implemented no later than Feb. 1, 1992, see section 1101(d)(1) of Pub. L. 102-237 set out as a note under section 1421 of this title.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1990 AMENDMENT Amendment by sections 1729(b), 1731, and 1755 to 1759 of Pub. L. 101-624 effective Nov. 28, 1990, and amendment by section 1754 of Pub. L. 101-624 effective Oct. 1, 1990, see section 1781(a), (b)(1) of Pub. L. 101-624 set out as a note under section 2012 of this title.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1988 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 100-435 to be effective and implemented on Oct. 1, 1988, except that such amendment to become effective and implemented on Oct. 1, 1989, if final order is issued under section 902(b) of Title 2, The Congress, for fiscal year 1989 making reductions and sequestrations specified in the report required under section 901(a)(3)(A) of Title 2, see section 701(a), (c)(2) of Pub. L. 100-435 set out as a note under section 2012 of this title.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1982 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 97-253 effective Sept. 8, 1982, see section 193(a) of Pub. L. 97-253 set out as a note under section 2012 of this title.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1981 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 97-98 effective on earlier of Sept. 8, 1982, or date such amendment became effective pursuant to section 1338 of Pub. L. 97-98 set out as a note under section 2012 of this title, see section 192(b) of Pub. L. 97-253 set out as a note under section 2012 of this title. Amendment by Pub. L. 97-98 effective upon such date as Secretary of Agriculture may prescribe, taking into account need for orderly implementation, see section 1338 of Pub. L. 97-98 set out as a note under section 2012 of this title.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1980 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 96-249, title I, §132(b), May 26, 1980, 94 Stat. 368, provided that: "The provisions of section 17(b)(2) of the Food Stamp Act of 1977 [now the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008, 7 U.S.C. 2026(b)(2)] for the sharing of administrative costs, as added by subsection (a) of this section, shall be effective on the date of enactment of this Act [May 26, 1980]."
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1977 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 95-113, title XIII, §1301, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 958, provided that the amendment made by section 1301 is effective Oct. 1, 1977.
TERMINATION OF REPORTING REQUIREMENTS For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of provisions in subsec. (c) of this section relating to annual reports on the progress of pilot programs, see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104-66 as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and page 48 of House Document No. 103-7.
STUDY OF USE OF FOOD STAMPS TO PURCHASE VITAMINS AND MINERALS Pub. L. 104-193, title VIII, §855, Aug. 22, 1996, 110 Stat. 2342, directed the Secretary of Agriculture, in consultation with the National Academy of Sciences and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, to conduct a study on the use of food stamps to purchase vitamins and minerals and to report the results of the study to Committees of Congress not later than Dec. 15, 1998.
DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS FOR VEHICLE EXCLUSION LIMIT Pub. L. 102-237, title IX, §912, Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1887, as amended by Pub. L. 110-234, title IV, §4002(b)(1)(B), (2) (NN), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1096, 1098; Pub. L. 110-246, §4(a), title IV, §4002(b)(1)(B), (2)(NN), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1857, 1859, provided that: "The Secretary of Agriculture shall solicit requests to participate in the demonstration projects required by section 17(h) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2026(h)) by May 1, 1992. The projects shall commence operations no later than January 1, 1993."
- Allotment
- "Allotment" means the total value of benefits a household is authorized to receive during each month.
- Coupon
- "Coupon" means any coupon, stamp, type of certificate, authorization card, cash or check issued in lieu of a coupon.
- Household
- "Household" means-(A) an individual who lives alone or who, while living with others, customarily purchases food and prepares meals for home consumption separate and apart from the others; or(B) a group of individuals who live together and customarily purchase food and prepare meals together for home consumption.
- Secretary
- "Secretary" means the Secretary of Agriculture.
- State agency
- "State agency" means (1) the agency of State government, including the local offices thereof, which has the responsibility for the administration of the federally aided public assistance programs within such State, and in those States where such assistance programs are operated on a decentralized basis, the term shall include the counterpart local agencies administering such programs, and (2) the tribal organization of an Indian tribe determined by the Secretary to be capable of effectively administering a food distribution program under section 2013(b) of this title or a supplemental nutrition assistance program under section 2020(d) of this title.
- State
- "State" means the fifty States, the District of Columbia, Guam, the Virgin Islands of the United States, and the reservations of an Indian tribe whose tribal organization meets the requirements of this chapter for participation as a State agency.
- Supplemental nutrition assistance program
- "Supplemental nutrition assistance program" means the program operated pursuant to this chapter.