It shall be unlawful for a person to violate, attempt to violate, conspire to violate, or cause a violation of this subchapter or of any regulation, order, license, or other authorization issued under this subchapter, including any of the unlawful acts described in paragraph (2).
The unlawful acts described in this paragraph are the following:
For purposes of paragraph (2)(F), any representation, statement, or certification made by any person shall be deemed to be continuing in effect. Each person who has made a representation, statement, or certification to the Department of Commerce relating to any order, license, or other authorization issued under this subchapter shall notify the Department of Commerce, in writing, of any change of any material fact or intention from that previously represented, stated, or certified, immediately upon receipt of any information that would lead a reasonably prudent person to know that a change of material fact or intention had occurred or may occur in the future.
A person who willfully commits, willfully attempts to commit, or willfully conspires to commit, or aids and abets in the commission of, an unlawful act described in subsection (a)-
The Secretary may impose the following civil penalties on a person for each violation by that person of this subchapter or any regulation, order, or license issued under this subchapter, for each violation:
Any civil penalty under this subsection may be imposed only after notice and opportunity for an agency hearing on the record in accordance with sections 554 through 557 of title 5.
The Secretary may by regulation provide standards for establishing levels of civil penalty under this subsection based upon factors such as the seriousness of the violation, the culpability of the violator, and such mitigating factors as the violator's record of cooperation with the Government in disclosing the violation.
Any person who is convicted under subsection (b) of a violation of a control imposed under section 4812 of this title (or any regulation, order, or license issued with respect to such control) shall, in addition to any other penalty, forfeit to the United States any of the person's property-
The procedures in any forfeiture under this subsection shall be governed by the procedures established under section 853 of title 21, other than subsection (d) of such section.
The Secretary may-
The violations referred to in subparagraph (A) are any criminal violations of, or criminal attempt or conspiracy to violate-
The Secretary may exercise the authority under paragraph (1) with respect to any person related, through affiliation, ownership, control, position of responsibility, or other connection in the conduct of trade or business, to any person convicted of any violation of law set forth in paragraph (1), upon a showing of such relationship with the convicted party, and subject to the procedures set forth in subsection (c)(2).
Nothing in subsection (c), (d), or (e) limits-
1 See References in Text note below.
50 U.S.C. § 4819
EDITORIAL NOTES
REFERENCES IN TEXTThis subchapter, referred to in subsecs. (a), (c)(1), (e)(1), and (f)(1), (2), was in the original "this part", meaning part I (§§1751-1768) of subtitle B of title XVII of div. A of Pub. L. 115-232, known as the Export Controls Act of 2018, which is classified principally to this subchapter. For complete classification of part I to the Code, see section 1751 of Pub. L. 115-232, set out as a Short Title note under section 4801 of this title and Tables.This subchapter, referred to in subsec. (d)(1)(C), was in the original "this title", and was translated as meaning part I (§§1751-1768) of subtitle B of title XVII of div. A of Pub. L. 115-232, which is classified principally to this subchapter, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. For complete classification of part I to the Code, see section 1751 of Pub. L. 115-232, set out as a Short Title note under section 4801 of this title and Tables.The International Emergency Economic Powers Act, referred to in subsec. (e)(1)(B)(ii), is title II of Pub. L. 95-223, Dec. 28, 1977, 91 Stat. 1626, which is classified generally to chapter 35 (§1701 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1701 of this title and Tables.
- Export Administration Regulations
- The term "Export Administration Regulations" means-(A) the Export Administration Regulations as promulgated, maintained, and amended under the authority of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act [50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.] and codified, as of August 13, 2018, in subchapter C of chapter VII of title 15, Code of Federal Regulations; or(B) regulations that are promulgated, maintained, and amended under the authority of subchapter I on or after August 13, 2018.
- United States person
- The term "United States person" means-(A) for purposes of subchapter I-(i) any individual who is a citizen or national of the United States or who is an individual described in subparagraph (B) of section 1324b(a)(3) of title 8;(ii) a corporation or other legal entity which is organized under the laws of the United States, any State or territory thereof, or the District of Columbia; and(iii) any person in the United States; and(B) for purposes of subchapter II, any United States resident or national (other than an individual resident outside the United States and employed by other than a United States person), any domestic concern (including any permanent domestic establishment of any foreign concern) and any foreign subsidiary or affiliate (including any permanent foreign establishment) of any domestic concern which is controlled in fact by such domestic concern, as determined under regulations by the Secretary.
- United States
- The term "United States" means the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, American Samoa, Guam, the United States Virgin Islands, and any other territory or possession of the United States.
- controlled
- The term "controlled" refers to an item subject to the jurisdiction of the United States under subchapter I.
- item
- The term "item" means a commodity, software, or technology.
- person
- The term "person" means-(A) a natural person;(B) a corporation, business association, partnership, society, trust, financial institution, insurer, underwriter, guarantor, and any other business organization, any other nongovernmental entity, organization, or group, or any government or agency thereof; and(C) any successor to any entity described in subparagraph (B).
- technology
- The term "technology" includes information, in tangible or intangible form, necessary for the development, production, or use of an item.