1So in original. No par. (2) has been enacted.
2So in original. No subpar.
31 U.S.C. § 5312
HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTE | ||
Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
5312(a)(1) | 31:1052(a), (b), (g), (i). | Oct. 26, 1970, Pub. L. 91-508, §203(a)-(i), (l), 84 Stat. 1118. |
5312(a)(2) | 31:1052(e). | |
5312(a)(3) | 31:1052(l). | |
5312(a)(4) | 31:1052(c). | |
5312(a)(5) | 31:1052(d). | |
5312(b) | 31:1052(f), (h). |
Amendment of Subsection (a)(2) Pub. L. 116-283, div. F, title LXI, §6110(a), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4561, provided that, effective on the effective date of the final rules issued by the Secretary of the Treasury pursuant to section 6110(b) of Pub. L. 116-283 (set out below), subsection (a)(2) of this section is amended-(1) by redesignating subparagraphs (Y) and (Z) as subparagraphs (Z) and (AA), respectively; and(2) by inserting after subparagraph (X) the following:"(Y) a person engaged in the trade of antiquities, including an advisor, consultant, or any other person who engages as a business in the solicitation or the sale of antiquities, subject to regulations prescribed by the Secretary;".See 2021 Amendment note and Rulemaking note below.
EDITORIAL NOTES
REFERENCES IN TEXTThe Securities Exchange Act of 1934, referred to in subsec. (a)(2)(G), is act June 6, 1934, ch. 404, 48 Stat. 881, which is classified principally to chapter 2B (§78a et seq.) of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 78a of Title 15 and Tables.The Indian Gaming Regulatory Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(2)(X)(ii), is Pub. L. 100-497, Oct. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 2467, which is classified principally to chapter 29 (§2701 et seq.) of Title 25, Indians. Section 4(6) of the Act is classified to section 2703(6) of Title 25. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2701 of this title and Tables.The Commodity Exchange Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(1)(A), is act Sept. 21, 1922, ch. 369, 42 Stat. 998, which is classified generally to chapter 1 (§1 et seq.) of Title 7, Agriculture. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1 of Title 7 and Tables.
AMENDMENTS2021-Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 116-283, §6102(d)(1)(A), substituted ",a transaction in money, credit, securities or gold, or a service provided with respect to money, securities, futures, precious metals, stones and jewels, or value that substitutes for currency" for ",or a transaction in money, credit, securities, or gold".Subsec. (a)(2)(J). Pub. L. 116-283, §6102(d)(1)(B)(i), inserted ",or a business engaged in the exchange of currency, funds, or value that substitutes for currency or funds" before semicolon at end.Subsec. (a)(2)(R). Pub. L. 116-283, §6102(d)(i)(B)(ii), substituted "currency, funds, or value that substitutes for currency," for "funds,".Subsec. (a)(2)(Y) to (AA). Pub. L. 116-283, §6110(a)(1), added subpar. (Y) and redesignated former subpars. (Y) and (Z) as (Z) and (AA), respectively. Subsec. (a)(3)(D). Pub. L. 116-283, §6102(d)(1)(C), added subpar. (D). 2004-Subsec. (a)(2)(E). Pub. L. 108-458, §6202(g), made technical correction to directory language of Pub. L. 107-56, §321(a). See 2001 Amendment note below.Subsec. (a)(3)(C). Pub. L. 108-458, §6203(b), substituted "sections 5316 and 5331" for "sections 5333 and 5316".2001-Subsec. (a)(2)(E). Pub. L. 107-56, §321(a), as amended by Pub. L. 108-458, §6202(g), amended subpar. (E) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (E) read as follows: "an insured institution (as defined in section 401(a) of the National Housing Act ( 12 U.S.C. 1724(a) ));".Subsec. (a)(2)(R). Pub. L. 107-56, §359(a), amended subpar. (R) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (R) read as follows: "a licensed sender of money;".Subsec. (a)(3)(C). Pub. L. 107-56, §365(c)(2)(A), substituted "sections 5333 and 5316," for "section 5316,".Subsec. (a)(4) to (6). Pub. L. 107-56, §365(c)(1), added par. (4) and redesignated former pars. (4) and (5) as (5) and (6), respectively.Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 107-56, §321(b), added subsec. (c).1994-Subsec. (a)(2)(X) to (Z). Pub. L. 103-325, §409, added subpar. (X) and redesignated former subpars. (X) and (Y) as (Y) and (Z), respectively.Subsec. (a)(3)(C). Pub. L. 103-325, §405, added subpar. (C). 1988-Subsec. (a)(2)(T) to (Y). Pub. L. 100-690, §6185(a), added subpars. (T) to (Y) and struck out former subpars. (T) and (U) which read as follows:"(T) an agency of the United States Government or of a State or local government carrying out a duty or power of a business described in this clause (2), including the United States Postal Service; or"(U) another business or agency carrying out a similar, related, or substitute duty or power the Secretary of the Treasury prescribes."Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 100-690, §6185(g)(1), inserted a comma after "Puerto Rico" and struck out second comma after "Pacific Islands". 1986-Subsec. (a)(2)(T). Pub. L. 99-570, §1362(a), which directed that the Postal Service be included within United States agencies by amending subsec. (a)(2)(U) of this section by inserting before the semicolon at the end thereof the following ",including the United States Postal Service", was executed to subsec. (a)(2)(T) of this section as the probable intent of Congress, because subsec. (a)(2)(U) does not contain a semicolon and subsec. (a)(2)(T) relates to United States agencies. Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 99-570, §1362(b), inserted "the Virgin Islands, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, American Samoa, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands," after "Puerto Rico".
STATUTORY NOTES AND RELATED SUBSIDIARIES
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2021 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 116-283, div. F, title LXI, §6110(a)(2), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4562, provided that: "Section 5312(a)(2)(Y) of title 31, United States Code, as added by paragraph (1), shall take effect on the effective date of the final rules issued by the Secretary of the Treasury pursuant to subsection (b) [see note below]."
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2004 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 108-458 effective as if included in Pub. L. 107-56 as of the date of enactment of such Act, and no amendment made by Pub. L. 107-56 that is inconsistent with such amendment to be deemed to have taken effect, see section 6205 of Pub. L. 108-458 set out as a note under section 1828 of Title 12, Banks and Banking.
RULEMAKING Pub. L. 116-283, div. F, title LXI, §6110(b), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4562, provided that: "(1) IN GENERAL.-Not later than 360 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Jan. 1, 2021], the Secretary of the Treasury shall issue proposed rules to carry out the amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section]."(2) CONSIDERATIONS.-Before issuing a proposed rule under paragraph (1), the Secretary of the Treasury (acting through the Director of the FinCEN [Financial Crimes Enforcement Network of the Department of the Treasury]), in coordination with the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Attorney General, and Homeland Security Investigations, shall consider-"(A) the appropriate scope for the rulemaking, including determining which persons should be subject to the rulemaking, by size, type of business, domestic or international geographical locations, or otherwise;"(B) the degree to which the regulations should focus on high-value trade in antiquities, and on the need to identify the actual purchasers of such antiquities, in addition to the agents or intermediaries acting for or on behalf of such purchasers; "(C) the need, if any, to identify persons who are dealers, advisors, consultants, or any other persons who engage as a business in the trade in antiquities;"(D) whether thresholds should apply in determining which persons to regulate;"(E) whether certain exemptions should apply to the regulations; and"(F) any other matter the Secretary determines appropriate."
EXECUTIVE DOCUMENTS
TERMINATION OF TRUST TERRITORY OF THE PACIFIC ISLANDSFor termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, see note set out preceding section 1681 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions.