22 U.S.C. § 6441

Current through P.L. 118-78 (published on www.congress.gov on 07/30/2024)
Section 6441 - Presidential actions in response to violations of religious freedom
(a) Response to violations of religious freedom
(1) In general
(A) United States policy

It shall be the policy of the United States-

(i) to oppose violations of religious freedom that are or have been engaged in or tolerated by the governments of foreign countries; and
(ii) to promote the right to freedom of religion in those countries through the actions described in subsection (b).
(B) Requirement of Presidential action

For each foreign country the government of which engages in or tolerates violations of religious freedom, the President shall oppose such violations and promote the right to freedom of religion in that country through the actions described in subsection (b).

(2) Basis of actions

Each action taken under paragraph (1)(B) shall be based upon information regarding violations of religious freedom, as described in the latest Country Reports on Human Rights Practices, the Annual Report and Executive Summary, and on any other evidence available, and shall take into account any findings or recommendations by the Commission with respect to the foreign country.

(b) Presidential actions
(1) In general

Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3), the President, in consultation with the Secretary of State, the Ambassador at Large, the Special Adviser, and the Commission, shall, as expeditiously as practicable in response to the violations described in subsection (a) by the government of a foreign country-

(A) take one or more of the actions described in paragraphs (1) through (15) of section 6445(a) of this title (or commensurate action in substitution thereto) with respect to such country; or
(B) negotiate and enter into a binding agreement with the government of such country, as described in section 6445(c) of this title.
(2) Deadline for actions

Not later than September 1 of each year, the President shall take action under any of paragraphs (1) through (15) of section 6445(a) of this title (or commensurate action in substitution thereto) with respect to each foreign country the government of which has engaged in or tolerated violations of religious freedom at any time since September 1 of the preceding year, except that in the case of action under any of paragraphs (9) through (15) of section 6445(a) of this title (or commensurate action in substitution thereto)-

(A) the action may only be taken after the requirements of sections 6443 and 6444 of this title have been satisfied; and
(B) the September 1 limitation shall not apply.
(3) Authority for delay of Presidential actions

The President may delay action under paragraph (2) described in any of paragraphs (9) through (15) of section 6445(a) of this title (or commensurate action in substitution thereto) if he determines and certifies to Congress that a single, additional period of time, not to exceed 90 days, is necessary pursuant to the same provisions applying to countries of particular concern for religious freedom under section 6442(c)(3) of this title.

(c) Implementation
(1) In general

In carrying out subsection (b), the President shall-

(A) take the action or actions that most appropriately respond to the nature and severity of the violations of religious freedom;
(B) seek to the fullest extent possible to target action as narrowly as practicable with respect to the agency or instrumentality of the foreign government, or specific officials thereof, that are responsible for such violations; and
(C) when appropriate, make every reasonable effort to conclude a binding agreement concerning the cessation of such violations in countries with which the United States has diplomatic relations.
(2) Guidelines for Presidential actions

In addition to the guidelines under paragraph (1), the President, in determining whether to take a Presidential action under paragraphs (9) through (15) of section 6445(a) of this title (or commensurate action in substitution thereto), shall seek to minimize any adverse impact on-

(A) the population of the country whose government is targeted by the Presidential action or actions; and
(B) the humanitarian activities of United States and foreign nongovernmental organizations in such country.

22 U.S.C. § 6441

Pub. L. 105-292, §401, 112 Stat. 2800.

EXECUTIVE DOCUMENTS

DELEGATION OF RESPONSIBILITIES UNDER THE INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM ACT OF 1998Memorandum of President of the United States, Aug. 17, 1999, 64 F.R. 47345, provided:Memorandum for the Secretary of State By the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including section 301 of title 3 of the United States Code, I hereby delegate to the Secretary of State the functions and authorities vested in the President by title IV, subtitle I (sections 401-409) of the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998 [22 U.S.C. 6441 et seq.] (Public Law 105-292) (the "Act").Any reference in this memorandum to any act shall be deemed to be a reference to such act as amended from time to time.The functions delegated by this memorandum may be delegated within the Department of State.You are authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the Federal Register. William J. Clinton.

Ambassador at Large
The term "Ambassador at Large" means the Ambassador at Large for International Religious Freedom appointed under section 6411(b) of this title.
Annual Report
The term "Annual Report" means the Annual Report on International Religious Freedom described in section 6412(b) of this title.
Commission
The term "Commission" means the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom established in section 6431(a) of this title.
Country Reports on Human Rights Practices
The term "Country Reports on Human Rights Practices" means the annual reports required to be submitted by the Department of State to Congress under sections 2151n(d) and 2304(b) of this title.
Executive Summary
The term "Executive Summary" means the Executive Summary to the Annual Report, as described in section 6412(b)(1)(F) of this title.
Special Adviser
The term "Special Adviser" means the Special Adviser to the President on International Religious Freedom described in section 3021(i) of title 50.2
commensurate action
The term "commensurate action" means action taken by the President under section 6445(b) of this title.
violations of religious freedom
The term "violations of religious freedom" means violations of the internationally recognized right to freedom of religion and religious belief and practice, as set forth in the international instruments referred to in section 6401(a)(2) of this title and as described in section 6401(a)(3) of this title, including violations such as-(A) arbitrary prohibitions on, restrictions of, or punishment for-(i) assembling for peaceful religious activities such as worship, preaching, and prayer, including arbitrary registration requirements;(ii) speaking freely about one's religious beliefs;(iii) changing one's religious beliefs and affiliation;(iv) not professing a particular religion, or any religion;(v) possession and distribution of religious literature, including Bibles; or(vi) raising one's children in the religious teachings and practices of one's choice; or(B) any of the following acts if committed on account of an individual's conscience, non-theistic views, or religious belief or practice: detention, interrogation, imposition of an onerous financial penalty, forced labor, forced mass resettlement, imprisonment, forced religious conversion, forcibly compelling non-believers or non-theists to recant their beliefs or to convert, beating, torture, mutilation, rape, enslavement, murder, and execution.1 So in original. Probably should be "Presidential".2 See References in Text note below.