22 U.S.C. § 9301
Congress finds that a comprehensive approach to sustainable food and nutrition security should not only respond to emergency food shortages, but should also address malnutrition, resilience to food and nutrition insecurity, building the capacity of poor, rural populations to improve their agricultural productivity and incomes, removing institutional impediments to agricultural development, value chain access and efficiency, including processing and storage, enhancing agribusiness development, access to markets and activities that address the specific needs and barriers facing women and small-scale producers, education, and collaborative research.
22 U.S.C. § 9301
EDITORIAL NOTES
AMENDMENTS2022- Pub. L. 117-263 substituted "Congress finds that a comprehensive" for "Congress makes the following findings:"(1) According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (referred to in this section as the 'FAO'), 805,000,000 people worldwide suffer from chronic hunger. Hunger and malnutrition rob people of health and productive lives and stunt the mental and physical development of future generations."(2) According to the January 2014 'Worldwide Threat Assessment of the US Intelligence Community'-"(A) the '[l]ack of adequate food will be a destabilizing factor in countries important to US national security that do not have the financial or technical abilities to solve their internal food security problems'; and"(B) '[f]ood and nutrition insecurity in weakly governed countries might also provide opportunities for insurgent groups to capitalize on poor conditions, exploit international food aid, and discredit governments for their inability to address basic needs'."(3) A comprehensive".
STATUTORY NOTES AND RELATED SUBSIDIARIES
SHORT TITLE OF 2018 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 115-266, §1, Oct. 11, 2018, 132 Stat. 3755, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 2292a, 9305, and 9307 of this title] may be cited as the 'Global Food Security Reauthorization Act of 2017'."
SHORT TITLE Pub. L. 114-195, §1, July 20, 2016, 130 Stat. 675, provided that: "This Act [enacting this chapter and amending sections 2292 and 2292a of this title] may be cited as the 'Global Food Security Act of 2016'."
GLOBAL MALNUTRITION PREVENTION AND TREATMENT Pub. L. 117-214, 136 Stat. 2252, provided that:
"SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE."This Act may be cited as the 'Global Malnutrition Prevention and Treatment Act of 2021'.
"SEC. 2. AUTHORIZATION OF EFFORTS TO PREVENT AND TREAT MALNUTRITION GLOBALLY."(a) IN GENERAL.-The Administrator, in coordination with the heads of other relevant Federal departments and agencies, is authorized and encouraged to support efforts to prevent and treat malnutrition globally, including by- "(1) targeting resources and nutrition interventions to support the most vulnerable populations susceptible to severe malnutrition, including children under the age of 5 and pregnant and lactating women; "(2) increasing coverage, particularly in priority countries, of nutrition interventions that include coordinated deployment of prenatal nutrient supplements, breastfeeding support, vitamin A supplementation, specialized nutritious food products for the treatment of acute malnutrition, and other evidence-based interventions, as appropriate;"(3) increasing the use of context and country-appropriate fortification of staples and condiments with essential nutrients;"(4) advancing evidence-based programs and interventions carried out using data-driven approaches, best practices, and targeted to country-specific contexts and needs;"(5) supporting partner governments to develop policies to prevent and treat malnutrition;"(6) leveraging investments to strengthen health systems, including to support community health workers to advance improved nutrition outcomes;"(7) improve diets through safe, affordable, nutritious foods in the food system; and"(8) ensuring rigorous monitoring and evaluation of such efforts. "(b) EXTERNAL COORDINATION EFFORTS RELATED TO NUTRITION PROGRAMS.-The Administrator, in coordination with the heads of other relevant Federal departments and agencies, should coordinate, as appropriate, with bilateral and multilateral donors, governments of partner countries, United Nations agencies, civil society organizations, nongovernmental organizations, including faith-based organizations, and the private sector to prevent and treat malnutrition globally, including by supporting efforts to- "(1) build the capacity of local and community-based organizations and governments of partner countries to ensure sustainability of nutrition interventions;"(2) expand research and innovation to identify and increase effective and evidence-based nutrition interventions based on country-specific contexts;"(3) improve coordination and structure of supply chains for nutrition interventions; "(4) expand domestic resource mobilization and domestic financing for nutrition interventions; and"(5) seek to leverage additional resources and encourage investment into innovative and multi-stakeholder finance partnerships to advance burden sharing in nutrition-related assistance."(c) INTERAGENCY EFFORTS.-In carrying out subsections (a) and (b), the Administrator, in coordination with the heads of other relevant Federal departments and agencies, consistent with the Global Nutrition Coordination Plan, shall seek to leverage additional resources to prevent and treat malnutrition globally, including by-"(1) increasing cooperation among relevant Federal departments and agencies represented in the Global Nutrition Coordination Plan to better leverage grants, technical assistance, debt, equity, loan guaranties, and public-private partnerships; and"(2) utilizing the Administrator's role as a member of the Board of Directors of the United States International Development Finance Corporation to consider opportunities within the Corporation's development impact framework that support improved nutrition outcomes.
"SEC. 3. SELECTION OF PRIORITY COUNTRIES. "(a) IN GENERAL.-The Administrator, in coordination with the Nutrition Leadership Council, shall select foreign countries as priority countries for purposes of targeting programs to prevent and treat malnutrition globally. "(b) CRITERIA.-The selection of priority countries under subsection (a) shall be based on the following:"(1) The prevalence of severe malnutrition among children under the age of 5 and pregnant and lactating women."(2) The presence of high-need, underserved, marginalized, vulnerable, or impoverished communities. "(3) The enabling environment for improved nutrition, including presence of national nutrition plans and demonstration of strong political commitment. "(4) Any other criteria that the Administrator determines to be appropriate."(c) UPDATES.-The Administrator shall update the selection of priority countries under subsection (a) not later than 5 years after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 19, 2022]. "(d) SENSE OF CONGRESS.-It is the sense of Congress that the Administrator should continue to undertake nutrition interventions in countries not selected as priority countries, particularly in contexts in which opportunities are identified to advance multi-sectoral development programming and integrate efforts to prevent and treat global malnutrition with other priority areas and program objectives.
"SEC. 4. NUTRITION LEADERSHIP COUNCIL."(a) ESTABLISHMENT.-The Administrator is authorized to establish in the United States Agency for International Development the Nutrition Leadership Council (in this section referred to as the 'Council'), which shall coordinate Agency efforts to prevent and treat malnutrition globally."(b) DUTIES.-The duties of the Council shall include-"(1) advancing United States Agency for International Development efforts to prevent and treat malnutrition globally;"(2) ensuring nutrition interventions, particularly in priority countries, are carried out in close coordination with other relevant United States Government strategies and policies and provisions of law, including-"(A) the Global Food Security Act of 2016 (22 U.S.C. 9301 et seq.);"(B) the Senator Paul Simon Water for the World Act of 2014 [Pub. L. 113-289] (22 U.S.C. 2151 note) [see Short Title of 2014 Amendment note set out under section 2151 of this title]; "(C) the Global Child Thrive Act of 2020 (subtitle I of title XII of division A of Public Law 116-283) [see Short Title of 2021 Amendment note set out under section 2151 of this title]; and "(D) the Global Fragility Act of 2019 (22 U.S.C. 9801 et seq.); and"(3) ensuring nutrition interventions are coordinated with nutrition programs carried out by other relevant Federal departments and agencies. "(c) MEMBERSHIP.-The Council shall include representatives of the following bureaus and independent offices of the United States Agency for International Development:"(1) The Bureau for Global Health."(2) The Bureau for Resilience and Food Security."(3) The Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance."(4) Any other relevant bureau or independent office that the Administrator determines to be appropriate.
"SEC. 5. IMPLEMENTATION PLAN."(a) IN GENERAL.-Not later than 260 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 19, 2022], the Administrator, in coordination with the heads of other relevant Federal departments and agencies, shall develop and submit to the appropriate congressional committees an implementation plan for programs to prevent and treat malnutrition globally described in section 2. "(b) MATTERS TO BE INCLUDED.-The implementation plan required by subsection (a) shall include the following:"(1) A description of specific and measurable goals, objectives, and performance metrics with respect to such programs, including clear benchmarks and intended timelines for achieving such goals and objectives."(2) A description of monitoring and evaluation plans with respect to such programs, as appropriate. "(3) In priority countries, a description of efforts to ensure that nutrition is adequately addressed in the Country Development Cooperation Strategy to the extent practicable and identify opportunities to expand efforts to prevent and treat malnutrition, including through leveraging existing health and development programs and other ongoing activities."(c) CONSULTATION.-The implementation plan required by subsection (a) shall be developed in consultation with, as appropriate and to the extent possible, representatives of nongovernmental organizations, including faith-based organizations, civil society organizations, multilateral organizations and donors, relevant private, academic, and philanthropic entities, and the appropriate congressional committees.
"SEC. 6. REPORT."(a) IN GENERAL.-Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter for 5 years, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that describes progress made towards preventing and treating malnutrition globally."(b) MATTERS TO BE INCLUDED.-The report required by subsection (a) shall include the following:"(1) A summary of progress made towards achieving the specific and measurable goals, objectives, and performance metrics towards ending global malnutrition."(2) In priority countries-"(A) a detailed summary of nutrition programs and activities in the previous fiscal year, including a breakdown of the countries to which nutrition resources have been allocated and an estimated number of people reached through nutrition interventions; and"(B) an [sic] description of the coordination of nutrition programs with other health and development programs and priorities."(3) A summary of efforts to expand research and innovation to development and scale up new tools to prevent and treat malnutrition globally."(4) An assessment of the collaboration and coordination of nutrition efforts of the United States Agency for International Development with United Nations agencies, the World Bank, other donor governments, host country governments, civil society, and the private sector, as appropriate."(5) A description of other donor country and host country financial commitments and efforts to prevent and treat malnutrition."(6) An identification of constraints on implementation of programs and activities and lessons learned from programs and activities from the previous fiscal years."(c) INCLUSION IN OTHER REPORTS.-The Administrator may include the report required by subsection (a) as a component of other congressionally mandated reports provided to appropriate congressional committees, as appropriate.
"SEC. 7. COMPLIANCE WITH THE FOREIGN AID TRANSPARENCY AND ACCOUNTABILITY ACT OF 2016.[Amended provisions set out as a note under section 2394c of this title.]
"SEC. 8. DEFINITIONS."In this Act: "(1) ADMINISTRATOR.-The term 'Administrator' means the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development. "(2) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES.-The term 'appropriate congressional committees' means-"(A) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives; and"(B) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate. "(3) NUTRITION LEADERSHIP COUNCIL.-The term 'Nutrition Leadership Council' means Nutrition Leadership Council established by section 4. "(4) PRIORITY COUNTRY.-The term 'priority country' means a foreign country selected under section 3 for purposes of targeting programs to prevent and treat malnutrition globally.
"SEC. 9. SUNSET. "The requirements of this Act and the amendments made by this Act shall terminate on the date that is 7 years after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 19, 2022]."
- appropriate congressional committees
- The term "appropriate congressional committees" means-(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate;(B) the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate;(C) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate;(D) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives;(E) the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives; and(F) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.
- food and nutrition security
- The term "food and nutrition security" means access to, and availability, utilization, and stability of, sufficient food to meet caloric and nutritional needs for an active and healthy life.
- food system
- The term "food system" means the intact or whole unit made up of interrelated components of people, behaviors, relationships, and material goods that interact in the production, processing, packaging, transporting, trade, marketing, consumption, and use of food, feed, and fiber through aquaculture, farming, wild fisheries, forestry, and pastoralism that operates within and is influenced by social, political, economic, and environmental contexts.
- malnutrition
- The term "malnutrition" means poor nutritional status caused by nutritional deficiency or excess.
- relevant Federal departments and agencies
- The term "relevant Federal departments and agencies" means the United States Agency for International Development, the Department of Agriculture, the Department of Commerce, the Department of State, the Department of the Treasury, the Millennium Challenge Corporation, the United States International Development Finance Corporation, the Peace Corps, the Office of the United States Trade Representative, the United States African Development Foundation, the Inter-American Foundation, the United States Geological Survey, and any other department or agency specified by the President for purposes of this section.
- resilience
- The term "resilience" means the ability of people, households, communities, countries, and agriculture and food systems to mitigate, adapt to, and recover from shocks and stresses to food security, including global food catastrophes, in a manner that reduces chronic vulnerability and facilitates inclusive growth.
- sustainable
- The term "sustainable" means the ability of a target country, community, implementing partner, or intended beneficiary to maintain, over time, the programs authorized and outcomes achieved pursuant to this chapter.