No person shall introduce or deliver for introduction into interstate commerce any new drug, unless an approval of an application filed pursuant to subsection (b) or (j) is effective with respect to such drug.
The sponsor or applicant shall provide information necessary for discussion and agreement on the design and size of the clinical trials. Minutes of any such meeting shall be prepared by the Secretary and made available to the sponsor or applicant upon request.
In such an action, each of the parties shall reasonably cooperate in expediting the action.
If the Secretary finds, after due notice to the applicant in accordance with subsection (c) and giving him an opportunity for a hearing, in accordance with said subsection, that (1) the investigations, reports of which are required to be submitted to the Secretary pursuant to subsection (b), do not include adequate tests by all methods reasonably applicable to show whether or not such drug is safe for use under the conditions prescribed, recommended, or suggested in the proposed labeling thereof; (2) the results of such tests show that such drug is unsafe for use under such conditions or do not show that such drug is safe for use under such conditions; (3) the methods used in, and the facilities and controls used for, the manufacture, processing, and packing of such drug are inadequate to preserve its identity, strength, quality, and purity; (4) upon the basis of the information submitted to him as part of the application, or upon the basis of any other information before him with respect to such drug, he has insufficient information to determine whether such drug is safe for use under such conditions; or (5) evaluated on the basis of the information submitted to him as part of the application and any other information before him with respect to such drug, there is a lack of substantial evidence that the drug will have the effect it purports or is represented to have under the conditions of use prescribed, recommended, or suggested in the proposed labeling thereof; or (6) the application failed to contain the patent information prescribed by subsection (b); or (7) based on a fair evaluation of all material facts, such labeling is false or misleading in any particular; he shall issue an order refusing to approve the application. If, after such notice and opportunity for hearing, the Secretary finds that clauses (1) through (6) do not apply, he shall issue an order approving the application. As used in this subsection and subsection (e), the term "substantial evidence" means evidence consisting of adequate and well-controlled investigations, including clinical investigations, by experts qualified by scientific training and experience to evaluate the effectiveness of the drug involved, on the basis of which it could fairly and responsibly be concluded by such experts that the drug will have the effect it purports or is represented to have under the conditions of use prescribed, recommended, or suggested in the labeling or proposed labeling thereof. If the Secretary determines, based on relevant science, that data from one adequate and well-controlled clinical investigation and confirmatory evidence (obtained prior to or after such investigation) are sufficient to establish effectiveness, the Secretary may consider such data and evidence to constitute substantial evidence for purposes of the preceding sentence. The Secretary shall implement a structured risk-benefit assessment framework in the new drug approval process to facilitate the balanced consideration of benefits and risks, a consistent and systematic approach to the discussion and regulatory decisionmaking, and the communication of the benefits and risks of new drugs. Nothing in the preceding sentence shall alter the criteria for evaluating an application for marketing approval of a drug.
The Secretary shall, after due notice and opportunity for hearing to the applicant, withdraw approval of an application with respect to any drug under this section if the Secretary finds (1) that clinical or other experience, tests, or other scientific data show that such drug is unsafe for use under the conditions of use upon the basis of which the application was approved; (2) that new evidence of clinical experience, not contained in such application or not available to the Secretary until after such application was approved, or tests by new methods, or tests by methods not deemed reasonably applicable when such application was approved, evaluated together with the evidence available to the Secretary when the application was approved, shows that such drug is not shown to be safe for use under the conditions of use upon the basis of which the application was approved; or (3) on the basis of new information before him with respect to such drug, evaluated together with the evidence available to him when the application was approved, that there is a lack of substantial evidence that the drug will have the effect it purports or is represented to have under the conditions of use prescribed, recommended, or suggested in the labeling thereof; or (4) the patent information prescribed by subsection (c) was not filed within thirty days after the receipt of written notice from the Secretary specifying the failure to file such information; or (5) that the application contains any untrue statement of a material fact: Provided, That if the Secretary (or in his absence the officer acting as Secretary) finds that there is an imminent hazard to the public health, he may suspend the approval of such application immediately, and give the applicant prompt notice of his action and afford the applicant the opportunity for an expedited hearing under this subsection; but the authority conferred by this proviso to suspend the approval of an application shall not be delegated. The Secretary may also, after due notice and opportunity for hearing to the applicant, withdraw the approval of an application submitted under subsection (b) or (j) with respect to any drug under this section if the Secretary finds (1) that the applicant has failed to establish a system for maintaining required records, or has repeatedly or deliberately failed to maintain such records or to make required reports, in accordance with a regulation or order under subsection (k) or to comply with the notice requirements of section 360(k)(2) of this title, or the applicant has refused to permit access to, or copying or verification of, such records as required by paragraph (2) of such subsection; or (2) that on the basis of new information before him, evaluated together with the evidence before him when the application was approved, the methods used in, or the facilities and controls used for, the manufacture, processing, and packing of such drug are inadequate to assure and preserve its identity, strength, quality, and purity and were not made adequate within a reasonable time after receipt of written notice from the Secretary specifying the matter complained of; or (3) that on the basis of new information before him, evaluated together with the evidence before him when the application was approved, the labeling of such drug, based on a fair evaluation of all material facts, is false or misleading in any particular and was not corrected within a reasonable time after receipt of written notice from the Secretary specifying the matter complained of. Any order under this subsection shall state the findings upon which it is based. The Secretary may withdraw the approval of an application submitted under this section, or suspend the approval of such an application, as provided under this subsection, without first ordering the applicant to submit an assessment of the approved risk evaluation and mitigation strategy for the drug under section 355-1(g)(2)(D) of this title.
Whenever the Secretary finds that the facts so require, he shall revoke any previous order under subsection (d) or (e) refusing, withdrawing, or suspending approval of an application and shall approve such application or reinstate such approval, as may be appropriate.
Orders of the Secretary issued under this section shall be served (1) in person by any officer or employee of the department designated by the Secretary or (2) by mailing the order by registered mail or by certified mail addressed to the applicant or respondent at his last-known address in the records of the Secretary.
An appeal may be taken by the applicant from an order of the Secretary refusing or withdrawing approval of an application under this section. Such appeal shall be taken by filing in the United States court of appeals for the circuit wherein such applicant resides or has his principal place of business, or in the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, within sixty days after the entry of such order, a written petition praying that the order of the Secretary be set aside. A copy of such petition shall be forthwith transmitted by the clerk of the court to the Secretary, or any officer designated by him for that purpose, and thereupon the Secretary shall certify and file in the court the record upon which the order complained of was entered, as provided in section 2112 of title 28. Upon the filing of such petition such court shall have exclusive jurisdiction to affirm or set aside such order, except that until the filing of the record the Secretary may modify or set aside his order. No objection to the order of the Secretary shall be considered by the court unless such objection shall have been urged before the Secretary or unless there were reasonable grounds for failure so to do. The finding of the Secretary as to the facts, if supported by substantial evidence, shall be conclusive. If any person shall apply to the court for leave to adduce additional evidence, and shall show to the satisfaction of the court that such additional evidence is material and that there were reasonable grounds for failure to adduce such evidence in the proceeding before the Secretary, the court may order such additional evidence to be taken before the Secretary and to be adduced upon the hearing in such manner and upon such terms and conditions as to the court may seem proper. The Secretary may modify his findings as to the facts by reason of the additional evidence so taken, and he shall file with the court such modified findings which, if supported by substantial evidence, shall be conclusive, and his recommendation, if any, for the setting aside of the original order. The judgment of the court affirming or setting aside any such order of the Secretary shall be final, subject to review by the Supreme Court of the United States upon certiorari or certification as provided in section 1254 of title 28. The commencement of proceedings under this subsection shall not, unless specifically ordered by the court to the contrary, operate as a stay of the Secretary's order.
The Secretary may not require that an abbreviated application contain information in addition to that required by clauses (i) through (viii).
or no petition to file an application for the drug with the different ingredient was approved under paragraph (2)(C);
In such an action, each of the parties shall reasonably cooperate in expediting the action.
A notice of the removal shall be published in the Federal Register.
The information the Secretary is required to maintain under this paragraph with respect to an application submitted under this subsection shall be made available to the public after the approval of such application.
Nothing in this clause prohibits lawful disclosure for other purposes.
For purposes of this section, the term "patent" means a patent issued by the United States Patent and Trademark Office.
Scientific, trade, and consumer organizations shall be afforded an opportunity to nominate individuals for appointment to the panels. No individual who is in the regular full-time employ of the United States and engaged in the administration of this chapter may be a voting member of any panel. The Secretary shall designate one of the members of each panel to serve as chairman thereof.
A responsible person may not introduce or deliver for introduction into interstate commerce the new drug involved if the person is in violation of a requirement established under paragraph (3) or (4) with respect to the drug.
For purposes of this subsection:
The term "responsible person" means a person who-
The term "covered application" means-
The terms "new safety information", "serious risk", and "signal of a serious risk" have the meanings given such terms in section 355-1(b) of this title.
For any or all of the purposes specified in subparagraph (B), the Secretary may, subject to subparagraph (D), require a responsible person for a drug to conduct a postapproval study or studies of the drug, or a postapproval clinical trial or trials of the drug, on the basis of scientific data deemed appropriate by the Secretary, including information regarding chemically-related or pharmacologically-related drugs.
The purposes referred to in this subparagraph with respect to a postapproval study or postapproval clinical trial are the following:
The Secretary may require a postapproval study or studies or postapproval clinical trial or trials for a drug for which an approved covered application is in effect as of the date on which the Secretary seeks to establish such requirement only if the Secretary becomes aware of new safety information.
The Secretary may not require the responsible person to conduct a study under this paragraph, unless the Secretary makes a determination that the reports under subsection (k)(1) and the active postmarket risk identification and analysis system as available under subsection (k)(3) will not be sufficient to meet the purposes set forth in subparagraph (B).
The Secretary may not require the responsible person to conduct a clinical trial under this paragraph, unless the Secretary makes a determination that a postapproval study or studies will not be sufficient to meet the purposes set forth in subparagraph (B).
The Secretary shall notify the responsible person regarding a requirement under this paragraph to conduct a postapproval study or clinical trial by the target dates for communication of feedback from the review team to the responsible person regarding proposed labeling and postmarketing study commitments as set forth in the letters described in section 101(c) of the Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act of 2007.
For each study or clinical trial required to be conducted under this paragraph, the Secretary shall require that the responsible person submit a timetable for completion of the study or clinical trial. With respect to each study required to be conducted under this paragraph or otherwise undertaken by the responsible person to investigate a safety issue, the Secretary shall require the responsible person to periodically report to the Secretary on the status of such study including whether any difficulties in completing the study have been encountered. With respect to each clinical trial required to be conducted under this paragraph or otherwise undertaken by the responsible person to investigate a safety issue, the Secretary shall require the responsible person to periodically report to the Secretary on the status of such clinical trial including whether enrollment has begun, the number of participants enrolled, the expected completion date, whether any difficulties completing the clinical trial have been encountered, and registration information with respect to the requirements under section 282(j) of title 42. If the responsible person fails to comply with such timetable or violates any other requirement of this subparagraph, the responsible person shall be considered in violation of this subsection, unless the responsible person demonstrates good cause for such noncompliance or such other violation. The Secretary shall determine what constitutes good cause under the preceding sentence.
The responsible person may appeal a requirement to conduct a study or clinical trial under this paragraph using dispute resolution procedures established by the Secretary in regulation and guidance.
If the Secretary becomes aware of new information, including any new safety information or information related to reduced effectiveness, that the Secretary determines should be included in the labeling of the drug, the Secretary shall promptly notify the responsible person or, if the same drug approved under subsection (b) is not currently marketed, the holder of an approved application under subsection (j).
Following notification pursuant to subparagraph (A), the responsible person or the holder of the approved application under subsection (j) shall within 30 days-
Upon receipt of such supplement, the Secretary shall promptly review and act upon such supplement. If the Secretary disagrees with the proposed changes in the supplement or with the statement setting forth the reasons why no labeling change is necessary, the Secretary shall initiate discussions to reach agreement on whether the labeling for the drug should be modified to reflect the new safety or new effectiveness information, and if so, the contents of such labeling changes.
Such discussions shall not extend for more than 30 days after the response to the notification under subparagraph (B), unless the Secretary determines an extension of such discussion period is warranted.
Within 15 days of the conclusion of the discussions under subparagraph (D), the Secretary may issue an order directing the responsible person or the holder of the approved application under subsection (j) to make such a labeling change as the Secretary deems appropriate to address the new safety or new effectiveness information. Within 15 days of such an order, the responsible person or the holder of the approved application under subsection (j) shall submit a supplement containing the labeling change.
Within 5 days of receiving an order under subparagraph (E), the responsible person or the holder of the approved application under subsection (j) may appeal using dispute resolution procedures established by the Secretary in regulation and guidance.
If the responsible person or the holder of the approved application under subsection (j) has not submitted a supplement within 15 days of the date of such order under subparagraph (E), and there is no appeal or dispute resolution proceeding pending, the responsible person or holder shall be considered to be in violation of this subsection. If at the conclusion of any dispute resolution procedures the Secretary determines that a supplement must be submitted and such a supplement is not submitted within 15 days of the date of that determination, the responsible person or holder shall be in violation of this subsection.
Notwithstanding subparagraphs (A) through (F), if the Secretary concludes that such a labeling change is necessary to protect the public health, the Secretary may accelerate the timelines in such subparagraphs.
This paragraph shall not be construed to affect the responsibility of the responsible person or the holder of the approved application under subsection (j) to maintain its label in accordance with existing requirements, including subpart B of part 201 and sections 314.70 and 601.12 of title 21, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor regulations).
Determinations by the Secretary under this subsection for a drug shall be made by individuals at or above the level of individuals empowered to approve a drug (such as division directors within the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research).
A person may not introduce or deliver for introduction into interstate commerce a new drug if-
The failure to conduct a postmarket study under section 356 of this title, subpart H of part 314, or subpart E of part 601 of title 21, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor regulations), is deemed to be a violation of paragraph (1).
The Secretary shall not delay approval of a pending application submitted under subsection (b)(2) or (j) of this section or section 262(k) of title 42 because of any request to take any form of action relating to the application, either before or during consideration of the request, unless-
Consideration of the petition shall be separate and apart from review and approval of any application.
If the Secretary determines under subparagraph (A) that a delay is necessary with respect to an application, the Secretary shall provide to the applicant, not later than 30 days after making such determination, the following information:
The information described in subparagraph (B) shall be conveyed via either, at the discretion of the Secretary-
Any information conveyed by the Secretary under subparagraph (C) shall be considered part of the application and shall be subject to the disclosure requirements applicable to information in such application.
If the Secretary determines that a petition or a supplement to the petition was submitted with the primary purpose of delaying the approval of an application and the petition does not on its face raise valid scientific or regulatory issues, the Secretary may deny the petition at any point based on such determination. The Secretary may issue guidance to describe the factors that will be used to determine under this subparagraph whether a petition is submitted with the primary purpose of delaying the approval of an application.
The Secretary shall take final agency action on a petition not later than 150 days after the date on which the petition is submitted. The Secretary shall not extend such period for any reason, including-
If the filing of an application resulted in first-applicant status under subsection (j)(5)(D)(i)(IV) and approval of the application was delayed because of a petition, the 30-month period under such subsection is deemed to be extended by a period of time equal to the period beginning on the date on which the Secretary received the petition and ending on the date of final agency action on the petition (inclusive of such beginning and ending dates), without regard to whether the Secretary grants, in whole or in part, or denies, in whole or in part, the petition.
The Secretary shall not consider a petition for review unless the party submitting such petition does so in written form and the subject document is signed and contains the following certification: "I certify that, to my best knowledge and belief:
The Secretary shall not accept for review any supplemental information or comments on a petition unless the party submitting such information or comments does so in written form and the subject document is signed and contains the following verification: "I certify that, to my best knowledge and belief:
The Secretary shall be considered to have taken final agency action on a petition if-
If a civil action is filed against the Secretary with respect to any issue raised in the petition before the Secretary has taken final agency action on the petition within the meaning of subparagraph (A), the court shall dismiss without prejudice the action for failure to exhaust administrative remedies.
For purposes of judicial review related to the approval of an application for which a petition under paragraph (1) was submitted, the administrative record regarding any issue raised by the petition shall include-
The Secretary shall annually submit to the Congress a report that specifies-
For purposes of this subsection, the term "application" means an application submitted under subsection (b)(2) or (j) of this section or section 262(k) of title 42.
For purposes of this subsection, other than paragraph (1)(A)(i), the term "petition" means a request described in paragraph (1)(A)(i).
Not later than 1 year after September 27, 2007, the Secretary shall improve the transparency of information about drugs and allow patients and health care providers better access to information about drugs by developing and maintaining an Internet Web site that-
The Secretary shall carry out paragraph (1) by-
The Secretary shall post on the Internet Web site established under paragraph (1) the approved professional labeling and any required patient labeling of a drug approved under this section or licensed under such section 262 not later than 21 days after the date the drug is approved or licensed, including in a supplemental application with respect to a labeling change.
To ensure development of the Internet Web site by the date described in paragraph (1), the Secretary may, on a temporary or permanent basis, implement systems or products developed by private entities.
The Secretary may enter into contracts with public and private entities to fulfill the requirements of this subsection.
The Advisory Committee on Risk Communication under section 360bbb-6 of this title shall, on a regular basis, perform a comprehensive review and evaluation of the types of risk communication information provided on the Internet Web site established under paragraph (1) and, through other means, shall identify, clarify, and define the purposes and types of information available to facilitate the efficient flow of information to patients and providers, and shall recommend ways for the Food and Drug Administration to work with outside entities to help facilitate the dispensing of risk communication information to patients and providers.
The Secretary shall-
The Commissioner shall-
The Commissioner shall notify relevant Federal agencies, including the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and the Federal Trade Commission, when the Commissioner first publishes the information described in subparagraph (A) that the information has been published and that the information will be updated quarterly.
The Commissioner shall include in the list described in paragraph (1) each authorized generic drug included in an annual report submitted to the Secretary by the sponsor of a listed drug after January 1, 1999.
In this section, the term "authorized generic drug" means a listed drug (as that term is used in subsection (j)) that-
For purposes of subsections (c)(3)(E)(ii) and (j)(5)(F)(ii), if an application is submitted under subsection (b) for a non-racemic drug containing as an active moiety (as defined by the Secretary in section 314.3 of title 21, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor regulations)) a single enantiomer that is contained in a racemic drug approved in another application under subsection (b), the applicant may, in the application for such non-racemic drug, elect to have the single enantiomer not be considered the same active moiety as that contained in the approved racemic drug, if-
Until the date that is 10 years after the date of approval of a non-racemic drug described in paragraph (1) and with respect to which the applicant has made the election provided for by such paragraph, the Secretary shall not approve such non-racemic drug for any condition of use in the therapeutic category in which the racemic drug has been approved.
If applicable, the labeling of a non-racemic drug described in paragraph (1) and with respect to which the applicant has made the election provided for by such paragraph shall include a statement that the non-racemic drug is not approved, and has not been shown to be safe and effective, for any condition of use of the racemic drug.
For purposes of this subsection, the term "therapeutic category" means a therapeutic category identified in the list developed by the United States Pharmacopeia pursuant to section 1395w-104(b)(3)(C)(ii) of title 42 and as in effect on September 27, 2007.
The Secretary shall publish the list described in subparagraph (A) and may amend such list by regulation.
The election referred to in paragraph (1) may be made only in an application that is submitted to the Secretary after September 27, 2007, and before October 1, 2027.
Notwithstanding any provision of the Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997 or any other provision of law, a sponsor of a drug that is the subject of an application described in subparagraph (B)(i) shall be eligible for, with respect to the drug, the 3-year exclusivity period referred to under clauses (iii) and (iv) of subsection (c)(3)(E) and under clauses (iii) and (iv) of subsection (j)(5)(F), subject to the requirements of such clauses, as applicable.
An application described in this clause is an application for marketing submitted under this section after October 8, 2008, in which the drug that is the subject of the application contains an antibiotic drug described in clause (ii).
An antibiotic drug described in this clause is an antibiotic drug that was the subject of an application approved by the Secretary under section 357 of this title (as in effect before November 21, 1997).
Notwithstanding any provision of the Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997 or any other provision of law, a sponsor of a drug that is the subject of an application described in subparagraph (B)(i) may elect to be eligible for, with respect to the drug-
An application described in this clause is an application for marketing submitted under this section after October 8, 2008, in which the drug that is the subject of the application contains an antibiotic drug described in clause (ii).
An antibiotic drug described in this clause is an antibiotic drug that was the subject of 1 or more applications received by the Secretary under section 357 of this title (as in effect before November 21, 1997), none of which was approved by the Secretary under such section.
Paragraphs (1)(A) and (2)(A) shall not be construed to entitle a drug that is the subject of an approved application described in subparagraphs 5 (1)(B)(i) or (2)(B)(i), as applicable, to any market exclusivities or patent extensions other than those exclusivities or extensions described in paragraph (1)(A) or (2)(A).
Paragraphs (1)(A) and (2)(A)(i) shall not apply to any condition of use for which the drug referred to in subparagraph (1)(B)(i) or (2)(B)(i), as applicable, was approved before October 8, 2008.
Notwithstanding section 125, or any other provision, of the Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997, or any other provision of law, and subject to the limitations in paragraphs (1), (2), and (3), the provisions of the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984 shall apply to any drug subject to paragraph (1) or any drug with respect to which an election is made under paragraph (2)(A).
The Secretary shall issue a final, substantive determination on a petition submitted pursuant to subsection (b) of section 314.161 of title 21, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor regulations), no later than 270 days after the date the petition is submitted.
In the case of an application under subsection (b) with respect to a drug for which the Secretary provides notice to the sponsor that the Secretary intends to issue a scientific and medical evaluation and recommend controls under the Controlled Substances Act [ 21 U.S.C. 801 et seq.], approval of such application shall not take effect until the interim final rule controlling the drug is issued in accordance with section 201(j) of the Controlled Substances Act [ 21 U.S.C. 811(j) ].
For purposes of this section, with respect to an application described in paragraph (1), the term "date of approval" shall mean the later of-
The sponsor of a contrast agent for which an application has been approved under this section may submit a supplement to the application seeking approval for a new use following the authorization of a premarket submission for an applicable medical imaging device for that use with the contrast agent pursuant to section 360j(p)(1) of this title.
In reviewing a supplement submitted under this subsection, the agency center charged with the premarket review of drugs may-
For purposes of this subsection-
For purposes of this section, the term "nonclinical test" means a test conducted in vitro, in silico, or in chemico, or a nonhuman in vivo test, that occurs before or during the clinical trial phase of the investigation of the safety and effectiveness of a drug. Such test may include the following:
1 So in original. Probably should be "bioavailability".
2 So in original. Probably should be "drug,".
3 So in original. Probably should be preceded by "the".
4 So in original. The word "and" probably should not appear.
5 So in original. Probably should be "subparagraph".
6 So in original. Two subsecs. (z) have been enacted.
7 See Delayed Applicability of Amendment note below.
21 U.S.C. § 355
Delayed Applicability of Amendment For delayed applicability of subsection (z) of this section as added by section 3601(a) of Pub. L. 117-328 see Effective Date of 2022 Amendment note below.
EDITORIAL NOTES
REFERENCES IN TEXTSection 264(c) of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, referred to in subsec. (k)(3)(C)(i)(I), (4)(G)(i)(I), is section 264(c) of Pub. L. 104-191 which is set out as a note under section 1320d-2 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.The General Schedule, referred to in subsec. (n)(5), is set out under section 5332 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.Section 101(c) of the Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act of 2007, referred to in subsec. (o)(3)(E)(i), is section 101(c) of Pub. L. 110-85 which is set out as a note under section 379g of this title.The Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997, referred to in subsec. (v)(1)(A), (2)(A), (4), is Pub. L. 105-115, 111 Stat. 2296. Section 125 of the Act amended sections 321, 331, 335a, 352, 360, 360j, 360aa to 360cc, 360ee, 374, 379g, 381, and 382 of this title, section 45C of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, section 156 of Title 35, Patents, and section 8126 of Title 38, Veterans' Benefits, repealed sections 356 and 357 of this title, and enacted provisions set out as a note under this section. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1997 Amendment note set out under section 301 of this title and Tables.The Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984, referred to in subsec. (v)(4), is Pub. L. 98-417, Sept. 24, 1984, 98 Stat. 1585. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1984 Amendment note set out under section 301 of this title and Tables.The Controlled Substances Act, referred to in subsec. (x)(1), is title II of Pub. L. 91-513, Oct. 27, 1970, 84 Stat. 1242, which is classified principally to subchapter I (§801 et seq.) of chapter 13 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 801 of this title and Tables.
CODIFICATIONIn subsec. (k)(4)(H), "section 132 of title 41" substituted for "section 4(5) of the Federal Procurement Policy Act" on authority of Pub. L. 111-350, §6(c), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3854, which Act enacted Title 41, Public Contracts.
AMENDMENTS2022-Subsec. (i)(1)(A). Pub. L. 117-328, §3209(a)(1)(A), substituted "nonclinical tests" for "preclinical tests (including tests on animals)". Subsec. (i)(2)(B). Pub. L. 117-328, §3209(a)(1)(B), substituted "nonclinical tests" for "animal".Subsec. (j)(7)(A)(v). Pub. L. 117-328, §3222, added cl. (v).Subsec. (j)(10)(A)(i) to (iii). Pub. L. 117-328, §3224, added cls. (i) to (iii) and struck out former cls. (i) to (iii) which read as follows:"(i) the application is otherwise eligible for approval under this subsection but for expiration of patent, an exclusivity period, or of a delay in approval described in paragraph (5)(B)(iii), and a revision to the labeling of the listed drug has been approved by the Secretary within 60 days of such expiration;"(ii) the labeling revision described under clause (i) does not include a change to the 'Warnings' section of the labeling;"(iii) the sponsor of the application under this subsection agrees to submit revised labeling of the drug that is the subject of such application not later than 60 days after the notification of any changes to such labeling required by the Secretary; and".Subsec. (u)(1)(A)(ii)(II). Pub. L. 117-328, §3105(1), inserted "(other than bioavailability studies)" after "any clinical investigations". Subsec. (u)(4). Pub. L. 117-328, §3105(2), substituted "October 1, 2027" for "December 24, 2022". Pub. L. 117-229 substituted "December 24, 2022" for "December 17, 2022". Pub. L. 117-180 substituted "December 17" for "October 1". Subsec. (z). Pub. L. 117-328, §3601(a), added subsec. (z) relating to diversity action plan for clinical studies. Pub. L. 117-328, §3209(a)(2), added subsec. (z) defining nonclinical test. 2021-Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 116-290, §2(a)(1), amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) related to requirements for filing an application with respect to any drug subject to the provisions of subsec. (a).Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 116-290, §2(b)(1), inserted at beginning "Not later than 30 days after the date of approval of an application submitted under subsection (b), the holder of the approved application shall file with the Secretary the patent number and the expiration date of any patent described in subsection (b)(1)(A)(viii), except that a patent that is identified as claiming a method of using such drug shall be filed only if the patent claims a method of use approved in the application. If a patent described in subsection (b)(1)(A)(viii) is issued after the date of approval of an application submitted under subsection (b), the holder of the approved application shall, not later than 30 days after the date of issuance of the patent, file the patent number and the expiration date of the patent, except that a patent that claims a method of using such drug shall be filed only if approval for such use has been granted in the application."; substituted "described in subsection (b)(1)(A)(viii)." for "which claims the drug for which the application was submitted or which claims a method of using such drug and with respect to which a claim of patent infringement could reasonably be asserted if a person not licensed by the owner engaged in the manufacture, use, or sale of the drug."; inserted "of the type for which information is required to be submitted in subsection (b)(1)(A)(viii)" after "could not file patent information under subsection (b) because no patent"; and inserted at end "Patent information that is not the type of patent information required by subsection (b)(1)(A)(viii) shall not be submitted under this paragraph."Subsec. (c)(3)(E). Pub. L. 117-9, §1(a)(1)(A), substituted "active moiety (as defined by the Secretary in section 314.3 of title 21, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor regulations))" for "active ingredient (including any ester or salt of the active ingredient)" wherever appearing. Pub. L. 116-290, §2(g)(1), substituted "subsection (b)(1)(A)(i)" for "clause (A) of subsection (b)(1)" wherever appearing.Subsec. (c)(3)(E)(i). Pub. L. 117-9, §1(b)(1)(A), struck out cl. (i) which read as follows: "If an application (other than an abbreviated new drug application) submitted under subsection (b) for a drug, no active ingredient (including any ester or salt of the active ingredient) of which has been approved in any other application under subsection (b), was approved during the period beginning January 1, 1982, and ending on September 24, 1984, the Secretary may not make the approval of another application for a drug for which the investigations described in subsection (b)(1)(A)(i) and relied upon by the applicant for approval of the application were not conducted by or for the applicant and for which the applicant has not obtained a right of reference or use from the person by or for whom the investigations were conducted effective before the expiration of ten years from the date of the approval of the application previously approved under subsection (b)."Subsec. (j)(2)(A)(vi). Pub. L. 116-290, §2(g)(2), substituted "clauses (ii) through (vi) of subsection (b)(1)(A)" for "clauses (B) through (F) of subsection (b)(1)". Subsec. (j)(5)(F). Pub. L. 117-9, §1(a)(1)(B), substituted "active moiety (as defined by the Secretary in section 314.3 of title 21, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor regulations))" for "active ingredient (including any ester or salt of the active ingredient)" wherever appearing.Subsec. (j)(5)(F)(i). Pub. L. 117-9, §1(b)(1)(B), struck out cl. (i) which read as follows: "If an application (other than an abbreviated new drug application) submitted under subsection (b) for a drug, no active ingredient (including any ester or salt of the active ingredient) of which has been approved in any other application under subsection (b), was approved during the period beginning January 1, 1982, and ending on September 24, 1984, the Secretary may not make the approval of an application submitted under this subsection which refers to the drug for which the subsection (b) application was submitted effective before the expiration of ten years from the date of the approval of the application under subsection (b)."Subsec. (j)(7)(A)(iii). Pub. L. 116-290, §2(b)(2), struck out "(b) or" before "(c)". Subsec. (j)(7)(A)(iv). Pub. L. 116-290, §2(c), added cl. (iv).Subsec. (j)(7)(D). Pub. L. 116-290, §2(d)(1), added subpar. (D). Subsec. (l)(2)(A)(i). Pub. L. 117-9, §1(a)(1)(C)(i), amended cl. (i) generally. Prior to amendment, cl. (i) read as follows: "not later than 30 days after the date of approval of such application for a drug no active ingredient (including any ester or salt of the active ingredient) of which has been approved in any other application under this section or section 262 of title 42; and".Subsec. (l)(2)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 117-9, §1(a)(1)(C)(ii), inserted "or biological product" before period at end.Subsec. (s). Pub. L. 117-9, §1(a)(1)(D), amended subsec. (s) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Prior to the approval of a drug no active ingredient (including any ester or salt of the active ingredient) of which has been approved in any other application under this section or section 262 of title 42, the Secretary shall- "(1) refer such drug to a Food and Drug Administration advisory committee for review at a meeting of such advisory committee; or "(2) if the Secretary does not refer such a drug to a Food and Drug Administration advisory committee prior to the approval of the drug, provide in the action letter on the application for the drug a summary of the reasons why the Secretary did not refer the drug to an advisory committee prior to approval."Subsec. (u)(1). Pub. L. 117-9, §1(a)(1)(E), in introductory provisions, substituted "active moiety (as defined by the Secretary in section 314.3 of title 21, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor regulations))" for "active ingredient (including any ester or salt of the active ingredient)" and "same active moiety" for "same active ingredient".2018-Subsec. (o)(4)(A). Pub. L. 115-271, §3041(b)(1), substituted "safety or new effectiveness information" for "safety information" in heading and "If the Secretary becomes aware of new information, including any new safety information or information related to reduced effectiveness, that the Secretary determines should be included in the labeling of the drug" for "If the Secretary becomes aware of new safety information that the Secretary believes should be included in the labeling of the drug" in text. Amendment to heading was executed to reflect the probable intent of Congress, notwithstanding error in text directed to be stricken.Subsec. (o)(4)(B)(i). Pub. L. 115-271, §3041(b)(2), inserted ", or new effectiveness information" after "adverse reactions".Subsec. (o)(4)(C). Pub. L. 115-271, §3041(b)(3), substituted "safety or new effectiveness information" for "safety information".Subsec. (o)(4)(E). Pub. L. 115-271, §3041(b)(4), substituted "safety or new effectiveness information" for "safety information".2017-Subsec. (j)(5)(B)(v). Pub. L. 115-52, §808(1), added cl. (v).Subsec. (j)(5)(D)(iv). Pub. L. 115-52, §808(2), added cl. (iv). Subsec. (j)(11), (12). Pub. L. 115-52, §801, added pars. (11) and (12).Subsec. (j)(13). Pub. L. 115-52, §802, added par. (13).Subsec. (k)(5). Pub. L. 115-52, §901(a), made technical amendments to directory language of Pub. L. 114-255, §3075(a). See 2016 Amendment notes below.Subsec. (u)(4). Pub. L. 115-52, §601, substituted "2022" for "2017".Subsec. (y). Pub. L. 115-52, §706(b), added subsec. (y). 2016-Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 114-255, §3031(a), added par. (5).Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 114-255, §3101(a)(2)(B)(i), substituted "marketing approval" for "premarket approval" in last sentence.Subsec. (i)(4). Pub. L. 114-255, §3024(b), substituted "except where it is not feasible, it is contrary to the best interests of such human beings, or the proposed clinical testing poses no more than minimal risk to such human beings and includes appropriate safeguards as prescribed to protect the rights, safety, and welfare of such human beings" for "except where it is not feasible or it is contrary to the best interests of such human beings".Subsec. (k)(5)(A). Pub. L. 114-255, §3075(a)(1), as amended by Pub. L. 115-52, §901(a)(1), substituted "screenings" for ", bi-weekly screening". Pub. L. 114-255, §3102(1)(A), inserted "and" after the semicolon.Subsec. (k)(5)(B). Pub. L. 114-255, §3075(a)(2), as amended by Pub. L. 115-52, §901(a), substituted "; and" for period at end. Pub. L. 114-255, §3102(1)(B), (C), redesignated subpar. (C) as (B) and struck out former subpar. (B) which read as follows: "report to Congress not later than 2 year after September 27, 2007, on procedures and processes of the Food and Drug Administration for addressing ongoing post market safety issues identified by the Office of Surveillance and Epidemiology and how recommendations of the Office of Surveillance and Epidemiology are handled within the agency; and".Subsec. (k)(5)(C). Pub. L. 114-255, §3075(a)(3), as amended by Pub. L. 115-52, §901(a)(1), added subpar. (C). Pub. L. 114-255, §3102(1)(C), redesignated subpar. (C) as (B).Subsec. (q)(5)(A). Pub. L. 114-255, §3101(a)(2)(B)(ii), substituted "subsection (b)(2) or (j) of this section or section 262(k) of title 42" for "subsection (b)(2) or (j) of the Act or 262(k) of title 42".Subsec. (r)(2)(D). Pub. L. 114-255, §3075(b), substituted "and making publicly available on the Internet website established under paragraph (1) best practices for drug safety surveillance activities for drugs approved under this section or section 262 of title 42" for ", by 18 months after approval of a drug or after use of the drug by 10,000 individuals, whichever is later, a summary analysis of the adverse drug reaction reports received for the drug, including identification of any new risks not previously identified, potential new risks, or known risks reported in unusual number;".2015-Subsec. (x). Pub. L. 114-89 added subsec. (x).2013-Subsec. (b)(5)(B). Pub. L. 113-5 substituted "size-" for "size of clinical trials intended to form the primary basis of an effectiveness claim or, with respect to an applicant for approval of a biological product under section 262(k) of title 42, any necessary clinical study or studies.", added cls. (i) and (ii), and designated last two sentences as concluding provisions. 2012-Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 112-144, §905, inserted at end "The Secretary shall implement a structured risk-benefit assessment framework in the new drug approval process to facilitate the balanced consideration of benefits and risks, a consistent and systematic approach to the discussion and regulatory decisionmaking, and the communication of the benefits and risks of new drugs. Nothing in the preceding sentence shall alter the criteria for evaluating an application for premarket approval of a drug." Subsec. (q)(1)(A). Pub. L. 112-144, §1135(1)(A), substituted "subsection (b)(2) or (j) of this section or section 262(k) of title 42" for "subsection (b)(2) or (j)" in introductory provisions. Subsec. (q)(1)(F). Pub. L. 112-144, §1135(1)(B), substituted "150 days" for "180 days" in introductory provisions.Subsec. (q)(2)(A). Pub. L. 112-144, §1135(2)(A), substituted "150" for "180" in heading.Subsec. (q)(2)(A)(i). Pub. L. 112-144, §1135(2)(B), substituted "150-day" for "180-day". Subsec. (q)(4). Pub. L. 112-144, §1135(3), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), redesignated former subpars. (A) and (B) as cls. (i) and (ii), respectively, of subpar. (A), and added subpar. (B). Subsec. (q)(5)(A). Pub. L. 112-144, §1135(4), substituted "subsection (b)(2) or (j) of the Act or 262(k) of title 42" for "subsection (b)(2) or (j)".Subsec. (u)(1)(A)(ii)(II). Pub. L. 112-144, §1101(b), inserted "clinical" after "any".Subsec. (u)(4). Pub. L. 112-144, §1101(a), substituted "2017" for "2012".Subsec. (w). Pub. L. 112-144, §1134(a), added subsec. (w).2010-Subsec. (b)(5)(B). Pub. L. 111-148, §7002(d)(1), inserted "or, with respect to an applicant for approval of a biological product under section 262(k) of title 42, any necessary clinical study or studies" before period at end of first sentence.Subsec. (j)(10). Pub. L. 111-148, §10609, added par. (10).2009-Subsec. (n)(2). Pub. L. 111-31 made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to section 394 of this title. 2008-Subsec. (q)(1)(A). Pub. L. 110-316, §301, inserted concluding provisions.Subsec. (v). Pub. L. 110-379 added subsec. (v).2007-Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 110-85, §801(b)(3)(B), added par. (6).Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 110-85, §903, inserted at end "The Secretary may withdraw the approval of an application submitted under this section, or suspend the approval of such an application, as provided under this subsection, without first ordering the applicant to submit an assessment of the approved risk evaluation and mitigation strategy for the drug under section 355-1(g)(2)(D) of this title."Subsec. (i)(4). Pub. L. 110-85, §801(b)(3)(A), inserted at end "The Secretary shall update such regulations to require inclusion in the informed consent documents and process a statement that clinical trial information for such clinical investigation has been or will be submitted for inclusion in the registry data bank pursuant to subsection (j) of section 282 of title 42."Subsec. (k)(3), (4). Pub. L. 110-85, §905(a), added pars. (3) and (4).Subsec. (k)(5). Pub. L. 110-85, §921, added par. (5).Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 110-85, §916, designated existing provisions as par. (1), redesignated former pars. (1) to (5) as subpars. (A) to (E), respectively, of par. (1), and added par. (2).Subsec. (n)(4) to (8). Pub. L. 110-85, §701(b), redesignated pars. (5) to (8) as (4) to (7), respectively, and struck out former par. (4) which read as follows: "Each member of a panel shall publicly disclose all conflicts of interest that member may have with the work to be undertaken by the panel. No member of a panel may vote on any matter where the member or the immediate family of such member could gain financially from the advice given to the Secretary. The Secretary may grant a waiver of any conflict of interest requirement upon public disclosure of such conflict of interest if such waiver is necessary to afford the panel essential expertise, except that the Secretary may not grant a waiver for a member of a panel when the member's own scientific work is involved."Subsecs. (o), (p). Pub. L. 110-85, §901(a), added subsecs. (o) and (p).Subsec. (q). Pub. L. 110-85, §914(a), added subsec. (q).Subsec. (r). Pub. L. 110-85, §915, added subsec. (r).Subsec. (s). Pub. L. 110-85, §918, added subsec. (s).Subsec. (t). Pub. L. 110-85, §920, added subsec. (t).Subsec. (u). Pub. L. 110-85, §1113, added subsec. (u).2003-Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 108-155 in second sentence, substituted "(F)" for "and (F)" and inserted ", and (G) any assessments required under section 355c of this title" before period at end.Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 108-173, §1101(b)(1)(A), added par. (3) and struck out former par. (3) which, in subpar. (A), required an applicant making a certification under par. (2)(A)(iv) to include statement that applicant will give notice to each owner of the patent which is the subject of the certification and to the holder of the approved application, in subpar. (B), directed that notice state that an application has been submitted and include a detailed statement of the applicant's opinion that the patent is not valid or will not be infringed, and, in subpar. (C), provided that if an application is amended, notice shall be given when the amended application is submitted.Subsec. (b)(4), (5). Pub. L. 108-173, §1101(b)(1)(B), added par. (4) and redesignated former par. (4) as (5).Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 108-173, §1101(b)(2)(A), substituted "by applying the following to each certification made under subsection (b)(2)(A)" for "under the following" in introductory provisions.Subsec. (c)(3)(C). Pub. L. 108-173, §1101(b)(2)(B)(iii), which directed the substitution of "subsection (b)(3)" for "paragraph (3)(B)" in third sentence, could not be executed because such words do not appear. See note below. Pub. L. 108-173, §1101(b)(2)(B)(ii)(VI), in concluding provisions, struck out "Until the expiration of forty-five days from the date the notice made under paragraph (3)(B) is received, no action may be brought under section 2201 of title 28 for a declaratory judgment with respect to the patent. Any action brought under such section 2201 shall be brought in the judicial district where the defendant has its principal place of business or a regular and established place of business." after "expediting the action." Pub. L. 108-173, §1101(b)(2)(B)(i), (ii) (I), in first sentence of introductory provisions, substituted "unless, before the expiration of 45 days after the date on which the notice described in subsection (b)(3) is received, an action is brought for infringement of the patent that is the subject of the certification and for which information was submitted to the Secretary under paragraph (2) or subsection (b)(1) before the date on which the application (excluding an amendment or supplement to the application) was submitted" for "unless an action is brought for infringement of a patent which is the subject of the certification before the expiration of forty-five days from the date the notice provided under paragraph (3)(B) is received" and, in second sentence of introductory provisions, substituted "subsection (b)(3)" for "paragraph (3)(B)".Subsec. (c)(3)(C)(i). Pub. L. 108-173, §1101(b)(2)(B)(ii)(II), added cl. (i) and struck out former cl. (i) which read as follows: "if before the expiration of such period the court decides that such patent is invalid or not infringed, the approval may be made effective on the date of the court decision,".Subsec. (c)(3)(C)(ii). Pub. L. 108-173, §1101(b)(2)(B)(ii)(III), added cl. (ii) and struck out former cl. (ii) which read as follows: "if before the expiration of such period the court decides that such patent has been infringed, the approval may be made effective on such date as the court orders under section 271(e)(4)(A) of title 35, or".Subsec. (c)(3)(C)(iii). Pub. L. 108-173, §1101(b)(2)(B)(ii)(IV), substituted "as provided in clause (i); or" for "on the date of such court decision."Subsec. (c)(3)(C)(iv). Pub. L. 108-173, §1101(b)(2)(B)(ii)(V), added cl. (iv).Subsec. (c)(3)(D), (E). Pub. L. 108-173, §1101(b)(2)(C), (D), added subpar. (D) and redesignated former subpar. (D) as (E).Subsec. (j)(2)(B). Pub. L. 108-173, §1101(a)(1)(A), added subpar. (B) and struck out former subpar. (B) which, in cl. (i), required that an applicant making a certification under subpar. (A)(vii)(IV) include in the application a statement that notice would be given to each owner of the patent and the holder of the approved application, in cl. (ii), required that notice would state that an application had been submitted and that it would include a detailed statement of the basis of the applicant's opinion, and, in cl. (iii), directed that notice of an amended application be given when the amended application had been submitted. Subsec. (j)(2)(D). Pub. L. 108-173, §1101(a)(1)(B), added subpar. (D).Subsec. (j)(5)(B). Pub. L. 108-173, §1101(a)(2)(A)(i), substituted "by applying the following to each certification made under paragraph (2)(A)(vii)" for "under the following" in introductory provisions.Subsec. (j)(5)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 108-173, §1101(a)(2)(A)(ii)(II)(ee), which directed amendment of the second sentence of subsec. (j)(5)(B)(iii) by striking "Until the expiration" and all that follows in the matter after and below subclause (IV), was executed by striking "Until the expiration of forty-five days from the date the notice made under paragraph (2)(B)(i) is received, no action may be brought under section 2201 of title 28, for a declaratory judgment with respect to the patent. Any action brought under section 2201 shall be brought in the judicial district where the defendant has its principal place of business or a regular and established place of business." after "expediting the action." in concluding provisions, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. Pub. L. 108-173, §1101(a)(2)(A)(ii)(I), in introductory provisions, substituted "unless, before the expiration of 45 days after the date on which the notice described in paragraph (2)(B) is received, an action is brought for infringement of the patent that is the subject of the certification and for which information was submitted to the Secretary under subsection (b)(1) or (c)(2) before the date on which the application (excluding an amendment or supplement to the application), which the Secretary later determines to be substantially complete, was submitted" for "unless an action is brought for infringement of a patent which is the subject of the certification before the expiration of forty-five days from the date the notice provided under paragraph (2)(B)(i) is received".Subsec. (j)(5)(B)(iii)(I). Pub. L. 108-173, §1101(a)(2)(A)(ii)(II)(aa), added subcl. (I) and struck out former subcl. (I) which read as follows: "if before the expiration of such period the court decides that such patent is invalid or not infringed, the approval shall be made effective on the date of the court decision,". Subsec. (j)(5)(B)(iii)(II). Pub. L. 108-173, §1101(a)(2)(A)(ii)(II)(bb), added subcl. (II) and struck out former subcl. (II) which read as follows: "if before the expiration of such period the court decides that such patent has been infringed, the approval shall be made effective on such date as the court orders under section 271(e)(4)(A) of title 35, or".Subsec. (j)(5)(B)(iii)(III). Pub. L. 108-173, §1101(a)(2)(A)(ii)(II)(cc), substituted "as provided in subclause (I); or" for "on the date of such court decision."Subsec. (j)(5)(B)(iii)(IV). Pub. L. 108-173, §1101(a)(2)(A)(ii)(II)(dd), added subcl. (IV).Subsec. (j)(5)(B)(iv). Pub. L. 108-173, §1102(a)(1), added cl. (iv) and struck out former cl. (iv) which read as follows: "If the application contains a certification described in subclause (IV) of paragraph (2)(A)(vii) and is for a drug for which a previous application has been submitted under this subsection continuing such a certification, the application shall be made effective not earlier than one hundred and eighty days after-"(I) the date the Secretary receives notice from the applicant under the previous application of the first commercial marketing of the drug under the previous application, or "(II) the date of a decision of a court in an action described in clause (iii) holding the patent which is the subject of the certification to be invalid or not infringed,whichever is earlier." Subsec. (j)(5)(C). Pub. L. 108-173, §1101(a)(2)(B), (C), added subpar. (C). Former subpar. (C) redesignated (E).Subsec. (j)(5)(D). Pub. L. 108-173, §1102(a)(2), added subpar. (D). Pub. L. 108-173, §1101(a)(2)(B), redesignated subpar. (D) as (F).Subsec. (j)(5)(E), (F). Pub. L. 108-173, §1101(a)(2)(B), redesignated subpars. (C) and (D) as (E) and (F), respectively.Subsec. (j)(8)(A). Pub. L. 108-173, §1103(a)(1), added subpar. (A) and struck out former subpar. (A) which read as follows: "The term 'bioavailability' means the rate and extent to which the active ingredient or therapeutic ingredient is absorbed from a drug and becomes available at the site of drug action."Subsec. (j)(8)(C). Pub. L. 108-173, §1103(a)(2), added subpar. (C). 2002-Subsec. (i)(1)(D). Pub. L. 107-109 added subpar. (D).1999-Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 106-113 substituted "United States Patent and Trademark Office" for "Patent and Trademark Office of the Department of Commerce". 1997-Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 105-115, §115(b), inserted at end "The Secretary shall, in consultation with the Director of the National Institutes of Health and with representatives of the drug manufacturing industry, review and develop guidance, as appropriate, on the inclusion of women and minorities in clinical trials required by clause (A)." Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 105-115, §119(a), added par. (4). Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 105-115, §124(a), added par. (4). Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105-115, §115(a), inserted at end "If the Secretary determines, based on relevant science, that data from one adequate and well-controlled clinical investigation and confirmatory evidence (obtained prior to or after such investigation) are sufficient to establish effectiveness, the Secretary may consider such data and evidence to constitute substantial evidence for purposes of the preceding sentence." Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 105-115, §117, inserted "(1)" after "(i)", redesignated former pars. (1) to (3) as subpars. (A) to (C), respectively, of par. (1), added pars. (2) to (4), and struck out closing provisions which read as follows: "Such regulations shall provide that such exemption shall be conditioned upon the manufacturer, or the sponsor of the investigation, requiring that experts using such drugs for investigational purposes certify to such manufacturer or sponsor that they will inform any human beings to whom such drugs, or any controls used in connection therewith, are being administered, or their representatives, that such drugs are being used for investigational purposes and will obtain the consent of such human beings or their representatives, except where they deem it not feasible or, in their professional judgment, contrary to the best interests of such human beings. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to require any clinical investigator to submit directly to the Secretary reports on the investigational use of drugs."Subsec. (j)(2)(A)(i). Pub. L. 105-115, §119(b)(2)(A), substituted "paragraph (7)" for "paragraph (6)". Subsec. (j)(3). Pub. L. 105-115, §119(b)(1)(B), added par. (3). Former par. (3) redesignated (4).Subsec. (j)(4). Pub. L. 105-115, §119(b)(1)(A), (2) (B), redesignated par. (3) as (4) and in introductory provisions substituted "paragraph (5)" for "paragraph (4)". Former par. (4) redesignated (5).Subsec. (j)(4)(I). Pub. L. 105-115, §119(b)(2)(C), substituted "paragraph (6)" for "paragraph (5)". Subsec. (j)(5), (6). Pub. L. 105-115, §119(b)(1)(A), redesignated pars. (4) and (5) as (5) and (6), respectively. Former par. (6) redesignated (7).Subsec. (j)(7). Pub. L. 105-115, §119(b)(1)(A), (2) (D), redesignated par. (6) as (7) and in subpar. (C) substituted "paragraph (6)" for "paragraph (5)" in two places. Former par. (7) redesignated (8). Subsec. (j)(8), (9). Pub. L. 105-115, §119(b)(1)(A), redesignated pars. (7) and (8) as (8) and (9), respectively.Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 105-115, §120, added subsec. (n). 1993-Subsec. (j)(6)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 103-80, §3(n)(1)(A), substituted "Secretary" for "Secretry".Subsec. (j)(6)(A)(iii). Pub. L. 103-80, §3(n)(1)(B), inserted comma after "published by the Secretary". Subsec. (k)(1). Pub. L. 103-80, §3(n)(2), substituted "section. Regulations" for "section: Provided, however, That regulations". 1992-Subsec. (j)(8). Pub. L. 102-282 added par. (8).1984-Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98-417, §102(b)(1), inserted "or (j)" after "subsection (b)". Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98-417, §§102(a)(1), 103, designated existing provisions of subsec. (b) as par. (1) thereof and redesignated existing cls. (1) through (6) of such par. (1) as cls. (A) through (F) thereof, respectively, inserted requirement that the applicant file with the application the patent number and the expiration date of any patent which claims the drug for which the applicant submitted the application or which claims a method of using such drug and with respect to which a claim of patent infringement could reasonably by asserted if a person not licensed by the owner engaged in the manufacture, use, or sale of the drug, that the applicant amend the application to include such information if an application is filed under this subsection for a drug and a patent which claims such drug or a method of using such drug is issued after the filing date but before approval of the application, and that upon approval of the application, the Secretary publish the information submitted, and added pars. (2) and (3).Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 98-417, §§102(a)(2), (b) (2), 103(b), designated existing provisions of subsec. (c) as par. (1) thereof and in par. (1) as so designated substituted "subsection (b)" for "this subsection" and redesignated former pars. (1) and (2) as subpars. (A) and (B), respectively, and added pars. (2) and (3).Subsec. (d)(6), (7). Pub. L. 98-417, §102(a)(3)(A), added cl. (6) relating to the failure of the application to contain the patent information prescribed by subsec. (b) of this section, and redesignated former cl. (6) as (7). Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 98-417, §102(a)(3)(B), in first sentence, added a new cl. (4) relating to the failure to file the patent information prescribed by subsec. (c) of this section within 30 days after the receipt of written notice from the Secretary specifying the failure to file such information, and redesignated former cl. (4) as (5). Pub. L. 98-417, §102(b)(3), (4), in second sentence, inserted in provisions preceding cl. (1) "submitted under subsection (b) or (j)" and in cl. (1) substituted "under subsection (k) or to comply with the notice requirements of section 360(k)(2) of this title" for "under subsection (j) or to comply with the notice requirements of section 360(j)(2) of this title".Subsecs. (j), (k). Pub. L. 98-417, §101, added subsec. (j) and redesignated former subsec. (j) as (k). Subsec. (k)(1). Pub. L. 98-417, §102(b)(5), substituted "under subsection (b) or (j)" for "pursuant to this section". Subsecs. (l), (m). Pub. L. 98-417, §104, added subsecs. (l) and (m).1972-Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 92-387 inserted "or to comply with the notice requirements of section 360(j)(2) of this title" in cl. (1) of second sentence relating to the maintenance of records. 1962-Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 87-781, §104(a), inserted "an approval of" before "an application". Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 87-781, §102(b), inserted "and whether such drug is effective in use" after "is safe for use".Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 87-781, §104(b), substituted provisions requiring the Secretary, within 180 days after filing an application, or such additional period as the Secretary and the applicant agree upon, to either approve the application, if meeting the requirements of subsec. (d) of this section, or give notice of opportunity for hearing on question of whether such application is approvable, and providing that if applicant requests hearing in writing within 30 days, the hearing shall begin within 90 days after expiration of said 30 days, unless the Secretary and applicant agree otherwise, that such hearing shall be expedited, and that the Secretary's order shall be issued within 90 days after date for filing final briefs, for provisions which had an application become effective on the sixtieth day after filing thereof unless prior thereto the Secretary postponed the date by written notice to such time, but not more than 180 days after filing, as the Secretary deemed necessary to study and investigate the application.Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 87-781, §102(c), inserted references to subsec. (c), added cls. (5) and (6), provided that if after notice and opportunity for hearing, the Secretary finds that cls. (1) to (6) do not apply, he shall approve the application, and defined "substantial evidence" as used in this subsection and subsec. (e) of this section. Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 87-781, §102(d), amended subsec. (e) generally, and among other changes, directed the Secretary to withdraw approval of an application if by tests, other scientific data or experience, or new evidence of clinical experience not contained in the application or available at the time of its approval, the drug is shown to be unsafe, or on the basis of new information, there is shown a lack of substantial evidence that the drug has the effect it is represented to have, and provided that if the Secretary, or acting Secretary, finds there is an imminent hazard to the public health, he may suspend approval immediately, notify the applicant, and give him opportunity for an expedited hearing, that the Secretary may withdraw approval if the applicant fails to establish a system for maintaining required records, or has repeatedly or deliberately failed to maintain records and make reports, or has refused access to, or copying or verification of such records, or if the Secretary finds on new evidence that the methods, facilities and controls in the manufacturing, processing, and packing are inadequate to assure and preserve the drugs' identity, strength, quality and purity, and were not made adequate within a reasonable time after receipt of written notice thereof, or finds on new evidence, that the labeling is false or misleading and was not corrected within a reasonable time after receipt of written notice thereof.Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 87-781, §104(c), substituted provisions requiring the Secretary to revoke any previous order under subsecs. (d) or (e) of this section refusing, withdrawing, or suspending approval of an application and to approve such application or reinstate such approval, for provisions which required him to revoke an order refusing effectiveness to an application.Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 87-781, §104(d)(1), (2), inserted "as provided in section 2112 of title 28", and "except that until the filing of the record the Secretary may modify or set aside his order", substituted "or withdrawing approval of an application under this section" for "to permit the application to become effective, or suspending the effectiveness of the application", "United States court of appeals for the circuit" for "district court of the United States within any district", "Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit" for "District Court for the District of Columbia", "transmitted by the clerk of the court to" for "served upon", and "by the Supreme Court of the United States upon certiorari or certification as provided in section 1254 of title 28" for "as provided in sections 225, 346, and 347 of title 28, as amended, and in section 7, as amended, of the Act entitled 'An Act to establish a Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia', approved February 9, 1893", and eliminated "upon" before "any officer designated", "a transcript of" before "the record" and "and decree" before "of the court affirming".Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 87-781, §103(b), inserted "the foregoing subsections of" after "operation of", and "and effectiveness" after "safety", and provided that the regulations may condition exemptions upon the submission of reports of preclinical tests to justify the proposed clinical testing, upon the obtaining by the manufacturer or sponsor of the investigation of a new drug of a signed agreement from each of the investigators that patients to whom the drug is administered will be under his supervision or under investigators responsible to him, and that he will not supply such drug to any other investigator, or to clinics, for administration to human beings, or upon the establishment and maintenance of records and reports of data obtained by the investigational use of such drug, as the Secretary finds will enable him to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of such drug, and provided that the regulations shall condition an exemption upon the manufacturer or sponsor of the investigation requiring that experts using such drugs certify that they will inform humans to whom such drugs or any controls connected therewith are administered, or their representatives, and will obtain the consent of such people where feasible and not contrary to the best interests of such people, and that reports on the investigational use of drugs are not required to be submitted directly to the Secretary. Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 87-781, §103(a), added subsec. (j). 1960-Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 86-507 inserted "or by certified mail" after "registered mail".
STATUTORY NOTES AND RELATED SUBSIDIARIES
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2022 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 117-328 div. FF, title III, §3602(c), Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5863, provided that: "Sections 505(z) and 520(g)(9) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act [ 21 U.S.C. 355(z), 360j(g)(9) ], as added by section 3601, shall apply only with respect to clinical investigations for which enrollment commences after the date that is 180 days after the publication of final guidance required under this section [see section 3602(a), (b) of Pub. L. 117-328 set out below]."
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2021 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 116-290, §2(d)(2), Jan. 5, 2021, 134 Stat. 4891, provided that: "Subparagraph (D) of section 505(j)(7) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 355(j)(7) ), as added by paragraph (1), applies only with respect to a decision described in such subparagraph that is issued on or after the date of enactment of this Act [Jan. 5, 2021]."
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2012 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 112-144, title XI, §1134(b), July 9, 2012, 126 Stat. 1123, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to any petition that is submitted pursuant to subsection (b) of section 314.161 of title 21, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor regulations), on or after the date of enactment of this Act [July 9, 2012]."
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2007 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 110-85, title VII, §701(c), Sept. 27, 2007, 121 Stat. 904, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting section 379d-1 of this title and amending this section] shall take effect on October 1, 2007."Amendment by sections 901(a), 903, and 905(a) of Pub. L. 110-85 effective 180 days after Sept. 27, 2007, see section 909 of Pub. L. 110-85 set out as a note under section 331 of this title.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2003 AMENDMENTS Pub. L. 108-173, title XI, §1101(c), Dec. 8, 2003, 117 Stat. 2456, provided that:"(1) IN GENERAL.-Except as provided in paragraphs (2) and (3), the amendments made by subsections (a) and (b) [amending this section] apply to any proceeding under section 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 355 ) that is pending on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 8, 2003] regardless of the date on which the proceeding was commenced or is commenced. "(2) NOTICE OF OPINION THAT PATENT IS INVALID OR WILL NOT BE INFRINGED.-The amendments made by subsections (a)(1) and (b)(1) apply with respect to any certification under subsection (b)(2)(A)(iv) or (j)(2)(A)(vii)(IV) of section 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 355 ) submitted on or after August 18, 2003, in an application filed under subsection (b) or (j) of that section or in an amendment or supplement to an application filed under subsection (b) or (j) of that section. "(3) EFFECTIVE DATE OF APPROVAL.-The amendments made by subsections (a)(2)(A)(ii)(I) and (b)(2)(B)(i) apply with respect to any patent information submitted under subsection (b)(1) or (c)(2) of section 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 355 ) on or after August 18, 2003." Pub. L. 108-173, title XI, §1102(b), Dec. 8, 2003, 117 Stat. 2460, provided that:"(1) IN GENERAL.-Except as provided in paragraph (2), the amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall be effective only with respect to an application filed under section 505(j) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 355(j) ) after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 8, 2003] for a listed drug for which no certification under section 505(j)(2)(A)(vii)(IV) of that Act was made before the date of the enactment of this Act."(2) COLLUSIVE AGREEMENTS.-If a forfeiture event described in section 505(j)(5)(D)(i)(V) of that Act occurs in the case of an applicant, the applicant shall forfeit the 180-day period under section 505(j)(5)(B)(iv) of that Act without regard to when the first certification under section 505(j)(2)(A)(vii)(IV) of that Act for the listed drug was made."(3) DECISION OF A COURT WHEN THE 180-DAY EXCLUSIVITY PERIOD HAS NOT BEEN TRIGGERED.-With respect to an application filed before, on, or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 8, 2003] for a listed drug for which a certification under section 505(j)(2)(A)(vii)(IV) of that Act was made before the date of the enactment of this Act and for which neither of the events described in subclause (I) or (II) of section 505(j)(5)(B)(iv) of that Act (as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act) has occurred on or before the date of the enactment of this Act, the term 'decision of a court' as used in clause (iv) of section 505(j)(5)(B) of that Act means a final decision of a court from which no appeal (other than a petition to the Supreme Court for a writ of certiorari) has been or can be taken."Amendment by Pub. L. 108-155 effective Dec. 3, 2003, except as otherwise provided, see section 4 of Pub. L. 108-155 set out as an Effective Date note under section 355c of this title.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1999 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 106-113 effective 4 months after Nov. 29, 1999, see section 1000(a)(9) [title IV, §4731] of Pub. L. 106-113 set out as a note under section 1 of Title 35, Patents.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1997 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 105-115 effective 90 days after Nov. 21, 1997, except as otherwise provided, see section 501 of Pub. L. 105-115 set out as a note under section 321 of this title.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1984 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 98-417, title I, §105, Sept. 24, 1984, 98 Stat. 1597, provided that:"(a) The Secretary of Health and Human Services shall promulgate, in accordance with the notice and comment requirements of section 553 of title 5, United States Code, such regulations as may be necessary for the administration of section 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act [this section], as amended by sections 101, 102, and 103 of this Act, within one year of the date of enactment of this Act [Sept. 24, 1984]. "(b) During the period beginning sixty days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 24, 1984], and ending on the date regulations promulgated under subsection (a) take effect, abbreviated new drug applications may be submitted in accordance with the provisions of section 314.2 of title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations and shall be considered as suitable for any drug which has been approved for safety and effectiveness under section 505(c) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act [subsec. (c) of this section] before the date of the enactment of this Act. If any such provision is inconsistent with the requirements of section 505(j) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, the Secretary shall consider the application under the applicable requirements of such section. The Secretary of Health and Human Services may not approve such an abbreviated new drug application which is filed for a drug which is described in sections 505(c)(3)(D) and 505(j)(4)(D) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, except in accordance with such section."
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1972 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 92-387 effective on first day of sixth month beginning after Aug. 16, 1972, see section 5 of Pub. L. 92-387 set out as a note under section 360 of this title.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1962 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 87-781 effective on first day of seventh calendar month following October 1962, see section 107 of Pub. L. 87-781 set out as a note under section 321 of this title.
CONSTRUCTION OF AMENDMENT BY PUB. L. 110-85 Pub. L. 110-85, title IX, §905(b), Sept. 27, 2007, 121 Stat. 949, provided that: "Nothing in this section [amending this section] or the amendment made by this section shall be construed to prohibit the lawful disclosure or use of data or information by an entity other than as described in paragraph (4)(B) or (4)(G) of section 505(k) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act [ 21 U.S.C. 355(k) ], as added by subsection (a)."
CONSTRUCTION OF AMENDMENTS BY PUB. L. 102-282Amendment by Pub. L. 102-282 not to preclude any other civil, criminal, or administrative remedy provided under Federal or State law, including any private right of action against any person for the same action subject to any action or civil penalty under an amendment made by Pub. L. 102-282 see section 7 of Pub. L. 102-282 set out as a note under section 335a of this title.
EXTENDING EXPIRATION DATES FOR CERTAIN DRUGS Pub. L. 117-328 div. FF, title II, §2512(a), Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5804, provided that: "Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 29, 2022], the Secretary of Health and Human Services (referred to in this section as the 'Secretary') shall issue draft guidance, or revise existing guidance, to address recommendations for sponsors of applications submitted under section 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 355 ) or section 351 of the Public Health Service Act ( 42 U.S.C. 262 ) regarding-"(1) the submission of stability testing data in such applications, including considerations for data requirements that could be streamlined or reduced to facilitate faster review of longer proposed expiration dates;"(2) establishing in the labeling of drugs the longest feasible expiration date scientifically supported by such data, taking into consideration how extended expiration dates may- "(A) help prevent or mitigate drug shortages; and "(B) affect product quality; and"(3) the use of innovative approaches for drug and combination product stability modeling to support initial product expiration dates and expiration date extensions."
ANTIFUNGAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT Pub. L. 117-328 div. FF, title III, §3211, Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5825, provided that:"(a) DRAFT GUIDANCE.-Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 29, 2022], the Secretary [of Health and Human Services], acting through the Commissioner of Food and Drugs, shall issue draft guidance for industry for the purposes of assisting entities seeking approval under section 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 355 ) or licensure under section 351 of the Public Health Service Act ( 42 U.S.C. 262 ) of antifungal therapies designed to treat coccidioidomycosis (commonly known as Valley Fever). "(b) FINAL GUIDANCE.-Not later than 18 months after the close of the public comment period on the draft guidance issued pursuant to subsection (a), the Secretary, acting through the Commissioner of Food and Drugs, shall finalize the draft guidance."(c) WORKSHOP.-To assist entities developing preventive vaccines for fungal infections and coccidioidomycosis, the Secretary shall hold a public workshop."
GUIDANCE ON DIVERSITY ACTION PLANS FOR CLINICAL STUDIES Pub. L. 117-328 div. FF, title III, §3602(a), (b), Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5861, 5862, provided that:"(a) IN GENERAL.-The Secretary [of Health and Human Services] shall update or issue guidance relating to-"(1) the format and content of the diversity action plans required by sections 505(z) and 520(g)(9) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 355(z); 360j(g)(9) ) (as amended by section 3601) pertaining to the sponsor's goals for clinical study enrollment, disaggregated by age group, sex, and racial and ethnic demographic characteristics of clinically relevant study populations, and may include characteristics such as geographic location and socioeconomic status, including with respect to-"(A) the rationale for the sponsor's enrollment goals, which may include-"(i) the estimated prevalence or incidence in the United States of the disease or condition for which the drug or device is being investigated in the relevant clinical trial, if such estimated prevalence or incidence is known or can be determined based on available data;"(ii) what is known about the disease or condition for which the drug or device is being investigated; "(iii) any relevant pharmacokinetic or pharmacogenomic data; "(iv) what is known about the patient population for such disease or condition, including, to the extent data is available- "(I) demographic information, which may include age group, sex, race, geographic location, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity; "(II) non-demographic factors, including co-morbidities affecting the patient population; and "(III) potential barriers to enrolling diverse participants, such as patient population size, geographic location, and socioeconomic status; and"(v) any other data or information relevant to selecting appropriate enrollment goals, disaggregated by demographic subgroup, such as the inclusion of pregnant and lactating women; and"(B) an explanation for how the sponsor intends to meet such goals, including demographic-specific outreach and enrollment strategies, study-site selection, clinical study inclusion and exclusion practices, and any diversity training for study personnel; "(2) submission of any modifications to the diversity action plan;"(3) considerations for the public posting by a sponsor of key information from the diversity action plan that would be useful to patients and providers on the sponsor's website, as appropriate; "(4) criteria that the Secretary will consider in assessing whether to grant a sponsor's request to waive the requirement to submit a diversity action plan under section 505(z)(4) or 520(g)(9)(C) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act [ 21 U.S.C. 355(z)(4), 360j(g)(9)(C) ] (as amended by section 3601); and"(5) how sponsors may include in regular reports otherwise required by the Secretary-"(A) the sponsor's progress in meeting the goals referred to in paragraph (1)(A); and "(B) any updates needed to be made to a diversity action plan referred to in paragraph (1) to help meet goals referred to in paragraph (1)(A); and"(C) if the sponsor does not expect to meet goals referred to in paragraph (1)(A), the sponsor's reasons for why the sponsor does not expect to meet such goals."(b) ISSUANCE.-The Secretary shall-"(1) not later than 12 months after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 29, 2022], issue new draft guidance or update existing draft guidance described in subsection (a); and"(2) not later than 9 months after closing the comment period on such draft guidance, finalize such guidance."
ANNUAL SUMMARY REPORT ON PROGRESS TO INCREASE DIVERSITY IN CLINICAL STUDIES Pub. L. 117-328 div. FF, title III, §3604, Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5864, provided that: "(a) IN GENERAL.-Beginning not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 29, 2022], and each year thereafter, the Secretary [of Health and Human Services] shall submit to the Congress, and publish on the public website of the Food and Drug Administration, a report that- "(1) summarizes, in aggregate, the diversity action plans received pursuant to section 505(z) or 520(g)(9) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act [ 21 U.S.C. 355(z), 360j(g)(9) ], as added by section 3601; and "(2) contains information, in the aggregate, on- "(A) for drugs, biological products, and devices approved, licensed, cleared, or classified under section 505, 515, 510(k), or 513(f)(2) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 355; 360e; 360(k); and 360(f)(2) [probably means "360c(f)(2)"]), or section 351(a) of the Public Health Service Act ( 42 U.S.C. 262(a) ), whether the clinical studies conducted with respect to such applications met the demographic subgroup enrollment goals from the diversity action plan submitted for such applications; and "(B) the reasons provided, if any, for why enrollment goals from submitted diversity action plans were not met."(b) CONFIDENTIALITY.-Nothing in this section shall be construed as authorizing the Secretary to disclose any information that is a trade secret or confidential information subject to section 552(b)(4) of title 5, United States Code, or section 1905 of title 18, United States Code."
FACILITATING THE USE OF REAL WORLD EVIDENCE Pub. L. 117-328 div. FF, title III, §3629, Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5891, provided that:"(a) GUIDANCE.-Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 29, 2022], the Secretary [of Health and Human Services] shall issue or revise existing guidance on considerations for the use of real world data and real world evidence to support regulatory decision-making, as follows:"(1) With respect to drugs, such guidance shall address the use of such data and evidence to support the approval of a drug application under section 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 355 ) or a biological product application under section 351 of the Public Health Service Act ( 42 U.S.C. 262 ), and to support an investigational use exemption submission under section 505(i) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 355(i) ) or section 351(a)(3) of the Public Health Service Act ( 42 U.S.C. 262(a)(3) ). Such guidance shall include considerations for the inclusion, in such applications and submissions, of real world data and real world evidence obtained as a result of the use of drugs authorized for emergency use under section 564 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 360bb b-3), and considerations for standards and methodologies for collection and analysis of real world evidence included in such applications and submissions, as appropriate. "(2) With respect to devices, such guidance shall address the use of such data and evidence to support the approval, clearance, or classification of a device pursuant to an application or submission submitted under section 510(k), 513(f)(2), or 515 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 360(k), 360c(f)(2), 360e ), to support an investigational use exemption submission under section 520(g) of such Act ( 21 U.S.C. 360j(g) ), and to support a determination by the Secretary for purposes of section 353 of the Public Health Service Act ( 42 U.S.C. 263a ) (including the category described under subsection (d)(3) of such section). Such guidance shall include considerations for the inclusion, in such applications and submissions, of real world data and real world evidence obtained as a result of the use of devices authorized for emergency use under section 564 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 360bb b-3), including considerations related to a determination under section 353(d)(3) of the Public Health Service Act ( 42 U.S.C. 263a(d)(3) ), and considerations for standards and methodologies for collection and analysis of real world evidence included in such applications, submissions, or determinations, as appropriate."(b) REPORT TO CONGRESS.-Not later than 2 years after the end of the public health emergency declared by the Secretary under section 319 of the Public Health Service Act ( 42 U.S.C. 247d ) on January 31, 2020, with respect to COVID-19, the Secretary shall submit a report to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives on-"(1) the number of applications, submissions, or requests submitted for clearance, approval, or authorization under section 505, 510(k), 513(f)(2), or 515 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 355, 360(k), 360c(f)(2), 360e ) or section 351 of the Public Health Service Act ( 42 U.S.C. 262 ), for which an authorization under section 564 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 360bb b-3) was previously granted; "(2) of the number of applications so submitted, the number of such applications-"(A) for which real world evidence was submitted and used to support a regulatory decision; and"(B) for which real world evidence was submitted and determined to be insufficient to support a regulatory decision; and"(3) a summary explanation of why, in the case of applications described in paragraph (2)(B), real world evidence could not be used to support regulatory decisions."(c) INFORMATION DISCLOSURE.-Nothing in this section shall be construed to authorize the disclosure of information that is prohibited from disclosure under section 1905 of title 18, United States Code, or subject to withholding under subsection (b)(4) of section 552 of title 5, United States Code (commonly referred to as the 'Freedom of Information Act')."
CLARIFYING FDA REGULATION OF NON-ADDICTIVE PAIN PRODUCTS Pub. L. 115-271, title III, §30013001,, 132 Stat. 3932, provided that:"(a) PUBLIC MEETINGS.-Not later than one year after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 24, 2018], the Secretary of Health and Human Services (referred to in this section as the 'Secretary'), acting through the Commissioner of Food and Drugs, shall hold not less than one public meeting to address the challenges and barriers of developing non-addictive medical products intended to treat acute or chronic pain or addiction, which may include-"(1) the manner by which the Secretary may incorporate the risks of misuse and abuse of a controlled substance (as defined in section 102 of the Controlled Substances Act ( 21 U.S.C. 802 )) into the risk benefit assessments under subsections (d) and (e) of section 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 355 ), section 510(k) of such Act ( 21 U.S.C. 360(k) ), or section 515(c) of such Act ( 21 U.S.C. 360e(c) ), as applicable;"(2) the application of novel clinical trial designs (consistent with section 3021 of the 21st Century Cures Act ( Public Law 114-255) [set out as a note below]), use of real world evidence (consistent with section 505F of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 355g )), and use of patient experience data (consistent with section 569C of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 360bb b-8c)) for the development of non-addictive medical products intended to treat pain or addiction;"(3) the evidentiary standards and the development of opioid-sparing data for inclusion in the labeling of medical products intended to treat acute or chronic pain; and"(4) the application of eligibility criteria under sections 506 and 515B of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 356, 360e-3 ) for non-addictive medical products intended to treat pain or addiction."(b) GUIDANCE.-Not less than one year after the public meetings are conducted under subsection (a) the Secretary shall issue one or more final guidance documents, or update existing guidance documents, to help address challenges to developing non-addictive medical products to treat pain or addiction. Such guidance documents shall include information regarding-"(1) how the Food and Drug Administration may apply sections 506 and 515B of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 356, 360e-3 ) to non-addictive medical products intended to treat pain or addiction, including the circumstances under which the Secretary-"(A) may apply the eligibility criteria under such sections 506 and 515B to non-addictive medical products intended to treat pain or addiction;"(B) considers the risk of addiction of controlled substances approved to treat pain when establishing unmet medical need; and"(C) considers pain, pain control, or pain management in assessing whether a disease or condition is a serious or life-threatening disease or condition;"(2) the methods by which sponsors may evaluate acute and chronic pain, endpoints for non-addictive medical products intended to treat pain, the manner in which endpoints and evaluations of efficacy will be applied across and within review divisions, taking into consideration the etiology of the underlying disease, and the manner in which sponsors may use surrogate endpoints, intermediate endpoints, and real world evidence;"(3) the manner in which the Food and Drug Administration will assess evidence to support the inclusion of opioid-sparing data in the labeling of non-addictive medical products intended to treat acute or chronic pain, including-"(A) alternative data collection methodologies, including the use of novel clinical trial designs (consistent with section 3021 of the 21st Century Cures Act ( Public Law 114-255) [set out as a note below]) and real world evidence (consistent with section 505F of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 355g )), including patient registries and patient reported outcomes, as appropriate, to support product labeling;"(B) ethical considerations of exposing subjects to controlled substances in clinical trials to develop opioid-sparing data and considerations on data collection methods that reduce harm, which may include the reduction of opioid use as a clinical benefit;"(C) endpoints, including primary, secondary, and surrogate endpoints, to evaluate the reduction of opioid use; "(D) best practices for communication between sponsors and the agency on the development of data collection methods, including the initiation of data collection; and"(E) the appropriate format in which to submit such data results to the Secretary; and"(4) the circumstances under which the Food and Drug Administration considers misuse and abuse of a controlled substance (as defined in section 102 of the Controlled Substances Act ( 21 U.S.C. 802 )) in making the risk benefit assessment under paragraphs (2) and (4) of subsection (d) of section 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 355 ) and in finding that a drug is unsafe under paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (e) of such section. "(c) DEFINITIONS.-In this section-"(1) the term 'medical product' means a drug (as defined in section 201(g)(1) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 321(g)(1) )), biological product (as defined in section 351(i) of the Public Health Service Act ( 42 U.S.C. 262(i) )), or device (as defined in section 201(h) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 321(h) )); and"(2) the term 'opioid-sparing' means reducing, replacing, or avoiding the use of opioids or other controlled substances intended to treat acute or chronic pain."
GUIDANCE REGARDING REDUCTION IN DRUG EFFECTIVENESS Pub. L. 115-271, title III, §3041(c), Oct. 24, 2018, 132 Stat. 3943, provided that: "Not less than one year after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 24, 2018], the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall issue guidance regarding the circumstances under which the Food and Drug Administration may require postmarket studies or clinical trials to assess the potential reduction in effectiveness of a drug and how such reduction in effectiveness could result in a change to the benefits of the drug and the risks to the patient. Such guidance shall also address how the Food and Drug Administration may apply this section [amending this section and section 355-1 of this title] and the amendments made thereby with respect to circumstances under which the Food and Drug Administration may require postmarket studies or clinical trials and safety labeling changes related to the use of controlled substances for acute or chronic pain."
ANNUAL REPORT ON INSPECTIONS Pub. L. 115-52, title IX, §902, Aug. 18, 2017, 131 Stat. 1077, as amended by Pub. L. 117-328 div. FF, title III, §3617, Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5876, provided that: "Not later than 120 days after the end of each fiscal year, the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall post on the website of the Food and Drug Administration information related to inspections of facilities necessary for approval of a drug under subsection (c) or (j) of section 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 355 ) or approval of a device under section 515 of such Act ( 21 U.S.C. 360e ) that were conducted during the previous fiscal year. Such information shall include the following: "(1) The median time following a request from staff of the Food and Drug Administration reviewing an application or report to the beginning of the inspection, including-"(A) the median time for drugs described in 505(j)(11)(A)(i) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 355(j)(11)(A)(i) );"(B) the median time for drugs for which a notification has been submitted in accordance with section 506C(a) of such Act ( 21 U.S.C. 356c(a) ) during the previous fiscal year; and "(C) the median time for drugs on the drug shortage list in effect under section 506E of such Act ( 21 U.S.C. 356e ) at the time of such request."(2) The median time from the issuance of a report pursuant to section 704(b) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 374(b) ) to the sending of a warning letter, issuance of an import alert, or holding of a regulatory meeting for inspections for which the Secretary concluded that regulatory or enforcement action was indicated, including the median time for each category of drugs listed in subparagraphs (A) through (C) of paragraph (1)."(3) The median time from the sending of a warning letter, issuance of an import alert, or holding of a regulatory meeting related to conditions observed by the Secretary during an inspection, to the time at which the Secretary concludes that corrective actions to resolve such conditions have been taken."(4) The number of facilities that failed to implement adequate corrective or preventive actions following a report issued pursuant to such section 704(b), resulting in a withhold recommendation for an application under review, including the number of such facilities manufacturing each category of drugs listed in subparagraphs (A) through (C) of paragraph (1)."
REPORT ON PATIENT EXPERIENCE DRUG DEVELOPMENT Pub. L. 114-255, div. A, title III, §30043004,, 130 Stat. 1085, provided that: "Not later than June 1 of 2021, 2026, and 2031, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, acting through the Commissioner of Food and Drugs, shall prepare and publish on the Internet website of the Food and Drug Administration a report assessing the use of patient experience data in regulatory decisionmaking, in particular with respect to the review of patient experience data and information on patient-focused drug development tools as part of applications approved under section 505(c) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 355(c) ) or section 351(a) of the Public Health Service Act ( 42 U.S.C. 262(a) )."
NOVEL CLINICAL TRIAL DESIGNS Pub. L. 114-255, div. A, title III, §30213021,, 130 Stat. 1095, provided that:"(a) PROPOSALS FOR USE OF NOVEL CLINICAL TRIAL DESIGNS FOR DRUGS AND BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS.-For purposes of assisting sponsors in incorporating complex adaptive and other novel trial designs into proposed clinical protocols and applications for new drugs under section 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 355 ) and biological products under section 351 of the Public Health Service Act ( 42 U.S.C. 262 ), the Secretary of Health and Human Services (referred to in this section as the 'Secretary') shall conduct a public meeting and issue guidance in accordance with subsection (b)."(b) GUIDANCE ADDRESSING USE OF NOVEL CLINICAL TRIAL DESIGNS.-"(1) IN GENERAL.-The Secretary, acting through the Commissioner of Food and Drugs, shall update or issue guidance addressing the use of complex adaptive and other novel trial design in the development and regulatory review and approval or licensure for drugs and biological products."(2) CONTENTS.-The guidance under paragraph (1) shall address-"(A) the use of complex adaptive and other novel trial designs, including how such clinical trials proposed or submitted help to satisfy the substantial evidence standard under section 505(d) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 355(d) );"(B) how sponsors may obtain feedback from the Secretary on technical issues related to modeling and simulations prior to-"(i) completion of such modeling or simulations; or"(ii) the submission of resulting information to the Secretary;"(C) the types of quantitative and qualitative information that should be submitted for review; and"(D) recommended analysis methodologies."(3) PUBLIC MEETING.-Prior to updating or issuing the guidance required by paragraph (1), the Secretary shall consult with stakeholders, including representatives of regulated industry, academia, patient advocacy organizations, consumer groups, and disease research foundations, through a public meeting to be held not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 13, 2016]."(4) TIMING.-The Secretary shall update or issue a draft version of the guidance required by paragraph (1) not later than 18 months after the date of the public meeting required by paragraph (3) and finalize such guidance not later than 1 year after the date on which the public comment period for the draft guidance closes."
VARIATIONS FROM CGMP STREAMLINED APPROACH Pub. L. 114-255, div. A, title III, §3038(c), Dec. 13, 2016, 130 Stat. 1110, provided that: "Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 13, 2016], the Secretary of Health and Human Services (referred to in this subsection as the 'Secretary') shall identify types of combination products and manufacturing processes with respect to which the Secretary proposes that good manufacturing processes may be adopted that vary from the requirements set forth in section 4.4 of title 21, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor regulations) or that the Secretary proposes can satisfy the requirements in section 4.4 through alternative or streamlined mechanisms. The Secretary shall identify such types, variations from such requirements, and such mechanisms, in a proposed list published in the Federal Register. After a public comment period regarding the appropriate good manufacturing practices for such types, the Secretary shall publish a final list in the Federal Register, notwithstanding section 553 of title 5, United States Code. The Secretary shall evaluate such types, variations, and mechanisms using a risk-based approach. The Secretary shall periodically review such final list."
FDA OPIOID ACTION PLAN Pub. L. 114-198, title I, §106(a), July 22, 2016, 130 Stat. 702, provided that:"(1) NEW DRUG APPLICATION.-"(A) IN GENERAL.-Subject to subparagraph (B), prior to the approval pursuant to an application submitted under section 505(b) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 355(b) ) of a new drug that is an opioid, the Secretary of Health and Human Services (referred to in this section [enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 355-1 of this title] as the 'Secretary') shall refer the application to an advisory committee of the Food and Drug Administration to seek recommendations from such advisory committee."(B) PUBLIC HEALTH EXEMPTION.-A referral to an advisory committee under subparagraph (A) is not required with respect to a new opioid drug or drugs if the Secretary-"(i) finds that such a referral is not in the interest of protecting and promoting public health;"(ii) finds that such a referral is not necessary based on a review of the relevant scientific information; and "(iii) submits a notice containing the rationale for such findings to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives. "(2) PEDIATRIC OPIOID LABELING.-The Secretary shall convene the Pediatric Advisory Committee of the Food and Drug Administration to seek recommendations from such Committee regarding a framework for the inclusion of information in the labeling of drugs that are opioids relating to the use of such drugs in pediatric populations before the Secretary approves any labeling or change to labeling for any drug that is an opioid intended for use in a pediatric population."(3) SUNSET.-The requirements of paragraphs (1) and (2) shall cease to be effective on October 1, 2022."
GUIDANCE ON EVALUATING THE ABUSE DETERRENCE OF GENERIC SOLID ORAL OPIOID DRUG PRODUCTS Pub. L. 114-198, title I, §106(c), July 22, 2016, 130 Stat. 703, provided that: "Not later than 18 months after the end of the period for public comment on the draft guidance entitled 'General Principles for Evaluating the Abuse Deterrence of Generic Solid Oral Opioid Drug Products' issued by the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research of the Food and Drug Administration in March 2016, the Commissioner of Food and Drugs shall publish in the Federal Register a final version of such guidance."
GUIDANCE ON PATHOGEN-FOCUSED ANTIBACTERIAL DRUG DEVELOPMENT Pub. L. 112-144, title VIII, §806, July 9, 2012, 126 Stat. 1082, provided that:"(a) DRAFT GUIDANCE.-Not later than June 30, 2013, in order to facilitate the development of antibacterial drugs for serious or life-threatening bacterial infections, particularly in areas of unmet need, the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall publish draft guidance that-"(1) specifies how preclinical and clinical data can be utilized to inform an efficient and streamlined pathogen-focused antibacterial drug development program that meets the approval standards of the Food and Drug Administration; and "(2) provides advice on approaches for the development of antibacterial drugs that target a more limited spectrum of pathogens. "(b) FINAL GUIDANCE.-Not later than December 31, 2014, after notice and opportunity for public comment on the draft guidance under subsection (a), the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall publish final guidance consistent with this section."
GUIDANCE ON ABUSE-DETERRENT PRODUCTS Pub. L. 112-144, title XI, §1122(c), July 9, 2012, 126 Stat. 1113, as amended by Pub. L. 114-255, div. A, title III, §3101(b)(3)(B), Dec. 13, 2016, 130 Stat. 1156, provided that: "Not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act [July 9, 2012], the Secretary [of Health and Human Services] shall issue guidance on the development of abuse-deterrent drug products."
EXTENSION OF PERIOD FOR FIRST APPLICANT TO OBTAIN TENTATIVE APPROVAL WITHOUT FORFEITING 180-DAY-EXCLUSIVITY PERIOD Pub. L. 112-144, title XI, §11331133,, 126 Stat. 1122, provided that:"(a) EXTENSION.-"(1) IN GENERAL.-If a first applicant files an application during the 30-month period ending on the date of enactment of this Act [July 9, 2012] and such application initially contains a certification described in paragraph (2)(A)(vii)(IV) of section 505(j) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 355(j) ), or if a first applicant files an application and the application is amended during such period to first contain such a certification, the phrase '30 months' in paragraph (5)(D)(i)(IV) of such section shall, with respect to such application, be read as meaning-"(A) during the period beginning on the date of enactment of this Act, and ending on September 30, 2015, '40 months'; and"(B) during the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on September 30, 2016, '36 months'. "(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.-In the case of an application to which an extended period under paragraph (1) applies, the reference to the 30-month period under section 505(q)(1)(G) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 355(q)(1)(G) ) shall be read to be the applicable period under paragraph (1)."(b) PERIOD FOR OBTAINING TENTATIVE APPROVAL OF CERTAIN APPLICATIONS.-If an application is filed on or before the date of enactment of this Act [July 9, 2012] and such application is amended during the period beginning on the day after the date of enactment of this Act and ending on September 30, 2017, to first contain a certification described in paragraph (2)(A)(vii)(IV) of section 505(j) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 355(j) ), the date of the filing of such amendment (rather than the date of the filing of such application) shall be treated as the beginning of the 30-month period described in paragraph (5)(D)(i)(IV) of such section 505(j)."(c) DEFINITIONS.-For the purposes of this section, the terms 'application' and 'first applicant' mean application and first applicant, as such terms are used in section 505(j)(5)(D)(i)(IV) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 355(j)(5)(D)(i)(IV) )."
EFFECT OF AMENDMENTS BY PUB. L. 110-85 ON VETERINARY MEDICINE Pub. L. 110-85, title IX, §907, Sept. 27, 2007, 121 Stat. 950, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle A (§§901-909) of title IX of Pub. L. 110-85 enacting sections 353c and 355-1 of this title, amending this section and sections 331, 333, and 352 of this title and section 262 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 331, 352, and 355a of this title], and the amendments made by this subtitle, shall have no effect on the use of drugs approved under section 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act [ 21 U.S.C. 355 ] by, or on the lawful written or oral order of, a licensed veterinarian within the context of a veterinarian-client-patient relationship, as provided for under section 512(a)(5) of such Act [ 21 U.S.C. 360b(a)(5) ]."
EFFECT OF AMENDMENT BY PUB. L. 108-173 ON ABBREVIATED NEW DRUG APPLICATIONS Pub. L. 108-173, title XI, §1103(b), Dec. 8, 2003, 117 Stat. 2461, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] does not alter the standards for approval of drugs under section 505(j) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 355(j) )."
FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION REVIEW Pub. L. 108-173, 117 Stat. 2461, as amended by Pub. L. 115-263, §3, Oct. 10, 2018, 132 Stat. 3673; Pub. L. 115-271, title IV, §40044004,, 132 Stat. 3960, provided that:
"SEC. 1111. DEFINITIONS."In this subtitle:"(1) ANDA.-The term 'ANDA' means an abbreviated drug application, as defined under section 201(aa) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act [ 21 U.S.C. 321(aa) ]."(2) ASSISTANT ATTORNEY GENERAL.-The term 'Assistant Attorney General' means the Assistant Attorney General in charge of the Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice."(3) BIOSIMILAR BIOLOGICAL PRODUCT.-The term 'biosimilar biological product' means a biological product for which a biosimilar biological product application under section 351(k) of the Public Health Service Act [ 42 U.S.C. 262(k) ] is approved."(4) BIOSIMILAR BIOLOGICAL PRODUCT APPLICANT.-The term 'biosimilar biological product applicant' means a person who has filed or received approval for a biosimilar biological product application under section 351(k) of the Public Health Service Act [ 42 U.S.C. 262(k) ]."(5) BIOSIMILAR BIOLOGICAL PRODUCT APPLICATION.-The term 'biosimilar biological product application' means an application under section 351(k) of the Public Health Service Act [ 42 U.S.C. 262(k) ] for licensure of a biological product as biosimilar to, or interchangeable with, a reference product. "(6) BRAND NAME DRUG.-The term 'brand name drug' means a drug for which an application is approved under section 505(c) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act [ 21 U.S.C. 355(c) ], including an application referred to in section 505(b)(2) of such Act [ 21 U.S.C. 355(b)(2) ], or a biological product for which an application is approved under section 351(a) of the Public Health Service Act [ 42 U.S.C. 262(a) ]."(7) BRAND NAME DRUG COMPANY.-The term 'brand name drug company' means the party that holds the approved application referred to in paragraph (6) for a brand name drug that is a listed drug in an ANDA or a reference product in a biosimilar biological product application, or a party that is the owner of a patent for which information is submitted for such drug under subsection (b) or (c) of section 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act [ 21 U.S.C. 355(b), (c) ] or the owner, or exclusive licensee, of a patent included in a list provided under section 351(l)(3) of the Public Health Service Act [ 42 U.S.C. 262(l)(3) ]."(8) COMMISSION.-The term 'Commission' means the Federal Trade Commission."(9) GENERIC DRUG.-The term 'generic drug' means a drug for which an application under section 505(j) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act [ 21 U.S.C. 355(j) ] is approved."(10) GENERIC DRUG APPLICANT.-The term 'generic drug applicant' means a person who has filed or received approval for an ANDA under section 505(j) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act [ 21 U.S.C. 355(j) ]."(11) LISTED DRUG.-The term 'listed drug' means a brand name drug that is listed under section 505(j)(7) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act [ 21 U.S.C. 355(j)(7) ]."(12) REFERENCE PRODUCT.-The term 'reference product' has the meaning given such term in section 351(i) of the Public Health Service Act [ 42 U.S.C. 262(i) ].
"SEC. 1112. NOTIFICATION OF AGREEMENTS."(a) AGREEMENT WITH BRAND NAME DRUG COMPANY.-"(1) REQUIREMENT.-A generic drug applicant that has submitted an ANDA containing a certification under section 505(j)(2)(A)(vii)(IV) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act [ 21 U.S.C. 355(j)(2)(A)(vii)(IV) ] or a biosimilar biological product applicant who has submitted a biosimilar biological product application and a brand name drug company that enter into an agreement described in paragraph (2) shall each file the agreement in accordance with subsection (c). The agreement shall be filed prior to the date of the first commercial marketing of the generic drug that is the subject of the ANDA or the biosimilar biological product that is the subject of the biosimilar biological product application, as applicable."(2) SUBJECT MATTER OF AGREEMENT.-An agreement described in this paragraph between a generic drug applicant or a biosimilar biological product applicant and a brand name drug company is an agreement regarding-"(A) the manufacture, marketing, or sale of the brand name drug that is the listed drug in the ANDA or the reference product in the biosimilar biological product application involved;"(B) the manufacture, marketing, or sale of the generic drug for which the ANDA was submitted or of the biosimilar biological product for which the biosimilar biological product application was submitted; or"(C) as applicable-"(i) the 180-day period referred to in section 505(j)(5)(B)(iv) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act [ 21 U.S.C. 355(j)(5)(B)(iv) ] as it applies to such ANDA or to any other ANDA based on the same listed drug; or"(ii) any of the time periods referred to in section 351(k)(6) of the Public Health Service Act [ 42 U.S.C. 262(k)(6) ] as such period applies to such biosimilar biological product application or to any other biosimilar biological product application based on the same reference product."(b) AGREEMENT WITH ANOTHER GENERIC DRUG APPLICANT OR BIOSIMILAR BIOLOGICAL PRODUCT APPLICANT.-"(1) REQUIREMENT.-"(A) GENERIC DRUGS.-A generic drug applicant that has submitted an ANDA containing a certification under section 505(j)(2)(A)(vii)(IV) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act [ 21 U.S.C. 355(j)(2)(A)(vii)(IV) ] with respect to a listed drug and another generic drug applicant that has submitted an ANDA containing such a certification for the same listed drug shall each file the agreement in accordance with subsection (c). The agreement shall be filed prior to the date of the first commercial marketing of either of the generic drugs for which such ANDAs were submitted."(B) BIOSIMILAR BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS.-A biosimilar biological product applicant that has submitted a biosimilar biological product application that references a reference product and another biosimilar biological product applicant that has submitted a biosimilar biological product application that references the same reference product shall each file the agreement in accordance with subsection (c). The agreement shall be filed prior to the date of the first commercial marketing of either of the biosimilar biological products for which such biosimilar biological product applications were submitted."(2) SUBJECT MATTER OF AGREEMENT.-An agreement described in this paragraph is, as applicable, an agreement between 2 or more generic drug applicants regarding the 180-day period referred to in section 505(j)(5)(B)(iv) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act [ 21 U.S.C. 355(j)(5)(B)(iv) ] as it applies to the ANDAs with which the agreement is concerned,, [sic] an agreement between 2 or more biosimilar biological product applicants regarding a time period referred to in section 351(k)(6) of the Public Health Service Act [ 42 U.S.C. 262(k)(6) ] as it applies to the biosimilar biological product, or an agreement between 2 or more biosimilar biological product applicants regarding the manufacture, marketing, or sale of a biosimilar biological product."(c) FILING.- "(1) AGREEMENT.-The parties that are required in subsection (a) or (b) to file an agreement in accordance with this subsection shall file with the Assistant Attorney General and the Commission the text of any such agreement, except that such parties are not required to file an agreement that solely concerns-"(A) purchase orders for raw material supplies;"(B) equipment and facility contracts; "(C) employment or consulting contracts; or"(D) packaging and labeling contracts."(2) OTHER AGREEMENTS.-The parties that are required in subsection (a) or (b) to file an agreement in accordance with this subsection shall file with the Assistant Attorney General and the Commission the text of any agreements between the parties that are not described in such subsections and are contingent upon, provide a contingent condition for, were entered into within 30 days of, or are otherwise related to an agreement that is required in subsection (a) or (b) to be filed in accordance with this subsection."(3) DESCRIPTION.-In the event that any agreement required in subsection (a) or (b) to be filed in accordance with this subsection has not been reduced to text, each of the parties involved shall file written descriptions of such agreement that are sufficient to disclose all the terms and conditions of the agreement.
"SEC. 1113. FILING DEADLINES."Any filing required under section 1112 shall be filed with the Assistant Attorney General and the Commission not later than 10 business days after the date the agreements are executed.
"SEC. 1114. DISCLOSURE EXEMPTION."Any information or documentary material filed with the Assistant Attorney General or the Commission pursuant to this subtitle shall be exempt from disclosure under section 552 of title 5, United States Code, and no such information or documentary material may be made public, except as may be relevant to any administrative or judicial action or proceeding. Nothing in this section is intended to prevent disclosure to either body of the Congress or to any duly authorized committee or subcommittee of the Congress.
"SEC. 1115. ENFORCEMENT."(a) CIVIL PENALTY.-Any brand name drug company, generic drug applicant, or biosimilar biological product applicant which fails to comply with any provision of this subtitle shall be liable for a civil penalty of not more than $11,000, for each day during which such entity is in violation of this subtitle. Such penalty may be recovered in a civil action brought by the United States, or brought by the Commission in accordance with the procedures established in section 16(a)(1) of the Federal Trade Commission Act ( 15 U.S.C. 56(a) [ 15 U.S.C. 56(a)(1) ])."(b) COMPLIANCE AND EQUITABLE RELIEF.-If any brand name drug company, generic drug applicant, or biosimilar biological product applicant fails to comply with any provision of this subtitle, the United States district court may order compliance, and may grant such other equitable relief as the court in its discretion determines necessary or appropriate, upon application of the Assistant Attorney General or the Commission.
"SEC. 1116. RULEMAKING."The Commission, with the concurrence of the Assistant Attorney General and by rule in accordance with section 553 of title 5, United States Code, consistent with the purposes of this subtitle-"(1) may define the terms used in this subtitle;"(2) may exempt classes of persons or agreements from the requirements of this subtitle; and"(3) may prescribe such other rules as may be necessary and appropriate to carry out the purposes of this subtitle.
"SEC. 1117. SAVINGS CLAUSE."Any action taken by the Assistant Attorney General or the Commission, or any failure of the Assistant Attorney General or the Commission to take action, under this subtitle shall not at any time bar any proceeding or any action with respect to any agreement between a brand name drug company and a generic drug applicant or a biosimilar biological product applicant, any agreement between generic drug applicants, or any agreement between biosimilar biological product applicants, under any other provision of law, nor shall any filing under this subtitle constitute or create a presumption of any violation of any competition laws.
"SEC. 1118. EFFECTIVE DATE."This subtitle shall-"(1) take effect 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 8, 2003]; and"(2) shall apply to agreements described in section 1112 that are entered into 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act."
REPORT ON PATIENT ACCESS TO NEW THERAPEUTIC AGENTS FOR PEDIATRIC CANCER Pub. L. 107-109, §15(d), Jan. 4, 2002, 115 Stat. 1421, provided that: "Not later than January 31, 2003, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, acting through the Commissioner of Food and Drugs and in consultation with the Director of the National Institutes of Health, shall submit to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives a report on patient access to new therapeutic agents for pediatric cancer, including access to single patient use of new therapeutic agents."
DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUGS AND BIOLOGICS Pub. L. 105-115, title I, §118, Nov. 21, 1997, 111 Stat. 2316, provided that: "Within 12 months after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 21, 1997], the Secretary of Health and Human Services, acting through the Commissioner of Food and Drugs, shall issue guidance that describes when abbreviated study reports may be submitted, in lieu of full reports, with a new drug application under section 505(b) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 355(b) ) and with a biologics license application under section 351 of the Public Health Service Act ( 42 U.S.C. 262 ) for certain types of studies. Such guidance shall describe the kinds of studies for which abbreviated reports are appropriate and the appropriate abbreviated report formats."
REQUIREMENTS FOR REVIEW OF APPROVAL PROCEDURES AND CURRENT GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICES FOR POSITRON EMISSION TECHNOLOGY Pub. L. 105-115, title I, §121(c), Nov. 21, 1997, 111 Stat. 2321, provided that:"(1) PROCEDURES AND REQUIREMENTS.- "(A) IN GENERAL.-In order to take account of the special characteristics of positron emission tomography drugs and the special techniques and processes required to produce these drugs, not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 21, 1997], the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall establish-"(i) appropriate procedures for the approval of positron emission tomography drugs pursuant to section 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 355 ); and"(ii) appropriate current good manufacturing practice requirements for such drugs."(B) CONSIDERATIONS AND CONSULTATION.-In establishing the procedures and requirements required by subparagraph (A), the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall take due account of any relevant differences between not-for-profit institutions that compound the drugs for their patients and commercial manufacturers of the drugs. Prior to establishing the procedures and requirements, the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall consult with patient advocacy groups, professional associations, manufacturers, and physicians and scientists licensed to make or use positron emission tomography drugs. "(2) SUBMISSION OF NEW DRUG APPLICATIONS AND ABBREVIATED NEW DRUG APPLICATIONS.-"(A) IN GENERAL.-Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall not require the submission of new drug applications or abbreviated new drug applications under subsection (b) or (j) of section 505 ( 21 U.S.C. 355 ), for compounded positron emission tomography drugs that are not adulterated drugs described in section 501(a)(2)(C) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 351(a)(2)(C) ) (as amended by subsection (b)), for a period of 4 years after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 21, 1997], or for 2 years after the date on which the Secretary establishes procedures and requirements under paragraph (1), whichever is longer."(B) EXCEPTION.-Nothing in this Act [see Short Title of 1997 Amendment note set out under section 301 of this title] shall prohibit the voluntary submission of such applications or the review of such applications by the Secretary of Health and Human Services. Nothing in this Act shall constitute an exemption for a positron emission tomography drug from the requirements of regulations issued under section 505(i) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 355(i) )."
"COMPOUNDED POSITRON EMISSION TOPOGRAPHY DRUG" DEFINED Pub. L. 105-115, title I, §121(e), Nov. 21, 1997, 111 Stat. 2322, provided that: "As used in this section [amending sections 321 and 351 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 351 of this title], the term 'compounded positron emission tomography drug' has the meaning given the term in section 201 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 321 )."
REQUIREMENTS FOR RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS Pub. L. 105-115, title I, §122, Nov. 21, 1997, 111 Stat. 2322, provided that:"(a) REQUIREMENTS.-"(1) REGULATIONS.-"(A) PROPOSED REGULATIONS.-Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 21, 1997], the Secretary of Health and Human Services, after consultation with patient advocacy groups, associations, physicians licensed to use radiopharmaceuticals, and the regulated industry, shall issue proposed regulations governing the approval of radiopharmaceuticals. The regulations shall provide that the determination of the safety and effectiveness of such a radiopharmaceutical under section 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 355 ) or section 351 of the Public Health Service Act ( 42 U.S.C. 262 ) shall include consideration of the proposed use of the radiopharmaceutical in the practice of medicine, the pharmacological and toxicological activity of the radiopharmaceutical (including any carrier or ligand component of the radiopharmaceutical), and the estimated absorbed radiation dose of the radiopharmaceutical. "(B) FINAL REGULATIONS.-Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall promulgate final regulations governing the approval of the radiopharmaceuticals."(2) SPECIAL RULE.-In the case of a radiopharmaceutical, the indications for which such radiopharmaceutical is approved for marketing may, in appropriate cases, refer to manifestations of disease (such as biochemical, physiological, anatomic, or pathological processes) common to, or present in, one or more disease states."(b) DEFINITION.-In this section, the term 'radiopharmaceutical' means-"(1) an article- "(A) that is intended for use in the diagnosis or monitoring of a disease or a manifestation of a disease in humans; and"(B) that exhibits spontaneous disintegration of unstable nuclei with the emission of nuclear particles or photons; or"(2) any nonradioactive reagent kit or nuclide generator that is intended to be used in the preparation of any such article."
SPECIAL RULE Pub. L. 105-115, title I, §123(f), Nov. 21, 1997, 111 Stat. 2324, provided that: "The Secretary of Health and Human Services shall take measures to minimize differences in the review and approval of products required to have approved biologics license applications under section 351 of the Public Health Service Act ( 42 U.S.C. 262 ) and products required to have approved new drug applications under section 505(b)(1) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 355(b)(1) )."
TRANSITION Pub. L. 110-379, §4(b), Oct. 8, 2008, 122 Stat. 4077, provided that:"(1) With respect to a patent issued on or before the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 8, 2008], any patent information required to be filed with the Secretary of Health and Human Services under subsection (b)(1) or (c)(2) of section 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 355 ) to be listed on a drug to which subsection (v)(1) of such section 505 (as added by this section) applies shall be filed with the Secretary not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act."(2) With respect to any patent information referred to in paragraph (1) of this subsection that is filed with the Secretary within the 60-day period after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 8, 2008], the Secretary shall publish such information in the electronic version of the list referred to at section 505(j)(7) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 355(j)(7) ) as soon as it is received, but in no event later than the date that is 90 days after the enactment of this Act."(3) With respect to any patent information referred to in paragraph (1) that is filed with the Secretary within the 60-day period after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 8, 2008], each applicant that, not later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, amends an application that is, on or before the date of the enactment of this Act, a substantially complete application (as defined in paragraph (5)(B)(iv) of section 505(j) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 355(j) )) to contain a certification described in paragraph (2)(A)(vii)(IV) of such section 505(j) with respect to that patent shall be deemed to be a first applicant (as defined in paragraph (5)(B)(iv) of such section 505(j))." Pub. L. 105-115, title I, §125(d), Nov. 21, 1997, 111 Stat. 2326, provided that: "(1) IN GENERAL.-An application that was approved by the Secretary of Health and Human Services before the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 21, 1997] for the marketing of an antibiotic drug under section 507 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 357 ), as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act, shall, on and after such date of enactment, be considered to be an application that was submitted and filed under section 505(b) of such Act ( 21 U.S.C. 355(b) ) and approved for safety and effectiveness under section 505(c) of such Act ( 21 U.S.C. 355(c) ), except that if such application for marketing was in the form of an abbreviated application, the application shall be considered to have been filed and approved under section 505(j) of such Act ( 21 U.S.C. 355(j) ). "(2) EXCEPTION.-The following subsections of section 505 ( 21 U.S.C. 355 ) shall not apply to any application for marketing in which the drug that is the subject of the application contains an antibiotic drug and the antibiotic drug was the subject of any application for marketing received by the Secretary of Health and Human Services under section 507 of such Act ( 21 U.S.C. 357 ) before the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 21, 1997]: "(A)(i) Subsections (c)(2), (d)(6), (e)(4), (j)(2)(A)(vii), (j)(2)(A)(viii), (j)(2)(B), (j)(4)(B), and (j)(4)(D); and "(ii) The third and fourth sentences of subsection (b)(1) (regarding the filing and publication of patent information); and "(B) Subsections (b)(2)(A), (b)(2)(B), (b)(3), and (c)(3) if the investigations relied upon by the applicant for approval of the application were not conducted by or for the applicant and for which the applicant has not obtained a right of reference or use from the person by or for whom the investigations were conducted."(3) PUBLICATION.-For purposes of this section, the Secretary is authorized to make available to the public the established name of each antibiotic drug that was the subject of any application for marketing received by the Secretary for Health and Human Services under section 507 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 357 ) before the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 21, 1997]."
TERMINATION OF ADVISORY PANELS Advisory panels established after Jan. 5, 1973, to terminate not later than the expiration of the 2-year period beginning on the date of their establishment, unless, in the case of a panel established by the President or an officer of the Federal Government, such panel is renewed by appropriate action prior to the expiration of such 2-year period, or in the case of a panel established by Congress, its duration is otherwise provided for by law. See sections 1001(2) and 1013 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
APPEALS TAKEN PRIOR TO OCTOBER 10, 1962 Pub. L. 87-781, title I, §104(d)(3), Oct. 10, 1962, 76 Stat. 785, made amendments to subsec. (h) of this section inapplicable to any appeal taken prior to Oct. 10, 1962.
EXECUTIVE DOCUMENTS
TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONSFor transfer of functions of Federal Security Administrator to Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare [now Health and Human Services], and of Food and Drug Administration in the Department of Agriculture to Federal Security Agency, see notes set out under section 321 of this title.