Except as provided in subsections (b) and (c), this subchapter does not annul, alter, affect, or exempt any person subject to the provisions of this subchapter from complying with the laws of any State with respect to the collection, distribution, or use of any information on consumers, or for the prevention or mitigation of identity theft, except to the extent that those laws are inconsistent with any provision of this subchapter, and then only to the extent of the inconsistency.
No requirement or prohibition may be imposed under the laws of any State-
Notwithstanding any definition of the term "firm offer of credit or insurance" (or any equivalent term) under the laws of any State, the definition of that term contained in section 1681a(l) of this title shall be construed to apply in the enforcement and interpretation of the laws of any State governing consumer reports.
Subsections (b) and (c) do not affect any settlement, agreement, or consent judgment between any State Attorney General and any consumer reporting agency in effect on September 30, 1996.
15 U.S.C. § 1681t
EDITORIAL NOTES
PRIOR PROVISIONSA prior section 625 of Pub. L. 90-321 was renumbered section 626 and is classified to section 1681u of this title.
AMENDMENTS2018-Subsec. (b)(1)(J). Pub. L. 115-174, §301(b), added subpar. (J). Subsec. (b)(1)(K). Pub. L. 115-174, §302(d)(2), added subpar. (K).2003-Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108-159, §711(1), inserted "or for the prevention or mitigation of identity theft," after "information on consumers,".Subsec. (b)(1)(E). Pub. L. 108-159, §214(c)(2)(A), struck out "or" after semicolon at end. Subsec. (b)(1)(G). Pub. L. 108-159, §151(a)(2), added subpar. (G).Subsec. (b)(1)(H). Pub. L. 108-159, §214(c)(2)(B), added subpar. (H).Subsec. (b)(1)(I). Pub. L. 108-159, §311(b), added subpar. (I).Subsec. (b)(3), (4). Pub. L. 108-159, §212(e), added pars. (3) and (4) and struck out former par. (3) which read as follows: "with respect to the form and content of any disclosure required to be made under section 1681g(c) of this title." Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 108-159, §711(2), added par. (5). Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 108-159, §711(3), substituted "(b) and (c)" for "(b) and (c)-", struck out par. (1) designation before "do not affect", substituted "1996." for "1996; and", and struck out par. (2) which read as follows:"(2) do not apply to any provision of State law (including any provision of a State constitution) that- "(A) is enacted after January 1, 2004;"(B) states explicitly that the provision is intended to supplement this subchapter; and "(C) gives greater protection to consumers than is provided under this subchapter."1996-Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104-208, §2419(1), designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted heading, and substituted "Except as provided in subsections (b) and (c), this subchapter" for "This subchapter".Subsecs. (b) to (d). Pub. L. 104-208, §2419(2), added subsecs. (b) to (d).
STATUTORY NOTES AND RELATED SUBSIDIARIES
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2018 AMENDMENT Amendment by section 301(b) of Pub. L. 115-174 effective 120 days after May 24, 2018, see section 301(c) of Pub. L. 115-174 set out as a note under section 1681c-1 of this title. Amendment by section 302(d)(2) of Pub. L. 115-174 effective 1 year after May 24, 2018, see section 302(e) of Pub. L. 115-174 set out as a note under section 1681a of this title.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2003 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 108-159 subject to joint regulations establishing effective dates as prescribed by Federal Reserve Board and Federal Trade Commission, except as otherwise provided, see section 3 of Pub. L. 108-159 set out as a note under section 1681 of this title.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1996 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 104-208 effective 365 days after Sept. 30, 1996, with special rule for early compliance, see section 2420 of Pub. L. 104-208 set out as a note under section 1681a of this title.
EFFECTIVE DATESection effective upon the expiration of one hundred and eighty days following Oct. 26, 1970, see section 504(d) of Pub. L. 90-321 as added by Pub. L. 91-508 set out as a note under section 1681 of this title.