Section 14-02.1-03.1 - Parental consent or judicial authorization for abortion of unmarried minor - Statement of intentThe legislative assembly intends to encourage unmarried pregnant minors to seek the advice and counsel of their parents when faced with the difficult decision of whether or not to bear a child, to foster parental involvement in the making of that decision when parental involvement is in the best interests of the minor and to do so in a manner that does not unduly burden the right to seek an abortion.
1. A person may not knowingly perform an abortion upon a pregnant woman under the age of eighteen years unless: a. The attending physician has secured the written consent of the minor woman and both parents, if living, or the surviving parent if one parent is deceased, or the custodial parent if the parents are separated or divorced, or the legal guardian or guardians if the minor is subject to guardianship;b. The minor woman is married and the attending physician has secured her informed written consent; orc. The abortion has been authorized by the juvenile court in accordance with the provisions of this section.2. Any pregnant woman under the age of eighteen or next friend is entitled to apply to the juvenile court for authorization to obtain an abortion without parental consent. All proceedings on such application must be conducted in the juvenile court of the county of the minor's residence before a juvenile judge or referee, if authorized by the juvenile court judge in accordance with the provisions of chapter 27-05, except that the parental notification requirements of rules 3, 4, and 5 of the North Dakota Rules of Juvenile Procedure are not applicable to proceedings under this section. A court may change the venue of proceedings under this section to another county only upon finding that a transfer is required in the best interests of the minor. All applications in accordance with this section must be heard by a juvenile judge or referee within forty-eight hours, excluding Saturdays and Sundays, of receipt of the application. The juvenile judge or referee shall find by clear and convincing evidence: a. Whether or not the minor is sufficiently mature and well informed with regard to the nature, effects, and possible consequences of both having an abortion and bearing her child to be able to choose intelligently among the alternatives.b. If the minor is not sufficiently mature and well informed to choose intelligently among the alternatives without the advice and counsel of her parents or guardian, whether or not it would be in the best interests of the minor to notify her parents or guardian of the proceedings and call in the parents or guardian to advise and counsel the minor and aid the court in making its determination and to assist the minor in making her decision.c. If the minor is not sufficiently mature and well informed to choose intelligently among the alternatives and it is found not to be in the best interests of the minor to notify and call in her parents or guardian for advice and counsel, whether an abortion or some other alternative would be in the best interests of the minor.3. All proceedings in connection with this section must be kept confidential and the identity of the minor must be protected in accordance with provisions relating to all juvenile court proceedings. This section does not limit the release, upon request, of statistical information regarding applications made under this section and their disposition.4. The court shall keep a stenographic or mechanically recorded record of the proceedings which must be maintained on record for forty-eight hours following the proceedings. If no appeal is taken from an order of the court pursuant to the proceedings, the record of the proceedings must be sealed as soon as practicable following such forty-eight-hour period.5. Following the hearing and the court's inquiry of the minor, the court shall issue one of the following orders: a. If the minor is sufficiently mature and well informed concerning the alternatives and without the need for further information, advice, or counseling, the court shall issue an order authorizing a competent physician to perform the abortion procedure on the minor.b. If the minor is not sufficiently mature and well informed, the court may:(1) Issue an order to provide the minor with any necessary information to assist her in her decision if the minor is mature enough to make the decision but not well informed enough to do so.(2) Issue an order to notify the minor's parents or guardian of the pendency of the proceedings and calling for their attendance at a reconvening of the hearing in order to advise and counsel the minor and assist the court in making its determination if the court finds that to do so would be in the best interests of the minor and the pregnancy resulted from gross sexual imposition, sexual imposition, sexual abuse of a ward, or incest, as those offenses are defined in chapter 12.1-20.(3) Issue an order authorizing an abortion by a competent physician if the court has determined that it would not be in the best interests of the minor to call in her parents or guardian but has found that it would be in the minor's best interests to authorize the abortion.6. The minor or next friend may appeal the determination of the juvenile court directly to the state supreme court. In the event of such an appeal, any and all orders of the juvenile court must be automatically stayed pending determination of the issues on appeal. Any appeal taken pursuant to this section by anyone other than the minor or next friend must be taken within forty-eight hours of the determination of the juvenile court by the filing of written notice with the juvenile court and a written application in the supreme court. Failure to file notice and application within the prescribed time results in a forfeiture of the right to appeal and render the juvenile court order or orders effective for all intents and purposes.7. Upon receipt of written notice of appeal, the juvenile court shall immediately cause to be transmitted to the supreme court the record of proceedings had in the juvenile court.8. An application for appeal pursuant to this section must be treated as an expedited appeal by the supreme court and must be set down for hearing within four days of receipt of the application, excluding Saturdays and Sundays.9. The hearing, inquiry, and determination of the supreme court must be limited to a determination of the sufficiency of the inquiry and information considered by the juvenile court and whether or not the order or orders of the juvenile court accord with the information considered with respect to the maturity and information available to the minor and the best interests of the minor as determined by the juvenile court. The determination of the juvenile court may not be overturned unless found to be clearly erroneous.10. After hearing the matter the supreme court shall issue its decision within twenty-four hours.11. Within forty-eight hours of the hearing by the supreme court, the record of the juvenile court must be returned to the juvenile court and the juvenile court shall seal it at the earliest practicable time.12. Nothing in this section may be construed to prevent the immediate performance of an abortion on an unmarried minor woman in a medical emergency.13. Nothing in this section may be construed to alter the effects of any other section of this chapter or to expand the rights of any minor to obtain an abortion beyond the limits to such rights recognized under the Constitution of the United States or under other provisions of this code.Amended by S.L. 2023, ch. 122 (SB 2150),§ 7, eff. 4/24/2023.Amended by S.L. 2021 , ch. 245( HB 1035 ), § 4, eff. 7/1/2021.Amended by S.L. 2011 , ch. 109( HB 1297 ), § 5, eff. 8/1/2011.