Section 40-1137 - Same; agents, authorized activities; use of client funds; escrow accounts, auditA title insurance agent may operate as an escrow, settlement or closing agent, provided that:
(a) All funds deposited with the title insurance agent in connection with an escrow, settlement or closing shall be submitted for collection to, invested in or deposited in a separate fiduciary trust account or accounts in a qualified financial institution no later than the close of the next business day, in accordance with the following requirements: (1) The funds shall be the property of the person or persons entitled to them under the provisions of the escrow, settlement or closing agreement and shall be segregated for each depository by escrow, settlement or closing in the records of the title insurance agent in a manner that permits the funds to be identified on an individual basis;(2) the funds shall be applied only in accordance with the terms of the individual instructions or agreements under which the funds were accepted; and(3) an agent shall not retain any interest on any money held in an interest-bearing account without the written consent of all parties to the transaction.(b) Funds held in an escrow account shall be disbursed only: (1) Pursuant to written authorization of buyer and seller;(2) pursuant to a court order; or(3) when a transaction is closed according to the agreement of the parties.(c) A title insurance agent shall not commingle the agent's personal funds or other moneys with escrow funds. In addition, the agent shall not use escrow funds to pay or to indemnify against the debts of the agent or of any other party. The escrow funds shall be used only to fulfill the terms of the individual escrow and none of the funds shall be utilized until the necessary conditions of the escrow have been met. All funds deposited for real estate closings, including closings involving refinances of existing mortgage loans, which exceed $2,500 shall be in one of the following forms:(1) Lawful money of the United States;(2) wire transfers such that the funds are unconditionally received by the title insurance agent or the agent's depository;(3) cashier's checks, certified checks, teller's checks or bank money orders issued by a federally insured financial institution and unconditionally held by the title insurance agent;(4) funds received from governmental entities, federally chartered instrumentalities of the United States or drawn on an escrow account of a real estate broker licensed in the state or drawn on an escrow account of a title insurer or title insurance agent licensed to do business in the state; (5) other negotiable instruments that have been on deposit in the escrow account at least 10 days; or(6) a real-time or instant payment through the FedNow service operated by the federal reserve banks or the clearing house payment company's real-time payments (RTP) system.(d) Each title insurance agent shall have an annual audit made of its escrow, settlement and closing deposit accounts, conducted by a certified public accountant or by a title insurer for which the title insurance agent has a licensing agreement. The title insurance agent shall provide a copy of the audit report to the commissioner within 30 days after the close of the calendar year for which an audit is required. Title insurance agents who are attorneys and who issue title insurance policies as part of their legal representation of clients are exempt from the requirements of this subsection. However, the title insurer, at its expense, may conduct or cause to be conducted an annual audit of the escrow, settlement and closing accounts of the attorney. Attorneys who are exclusively in the business of title insurance are not exempt from the requirements of this subsection.(e) The commissioner may promulgate rules and regulations setting forth the standards of the audit and the form of audit report required.(f) If the title insurance agent is appointed by two or more title insurers and maintains fiduciary trust accounts in connection with providing escrow and closing settlement services, the title insurance agent shall allow each title insurer reasonable access to the accounts and any or all of the supporting account information in order to ascertain the safety and security of the funds held by the title insurance agent.(g) Nothing in this section is intended to amend, alter or supersede other laws of this state or the United States, regarding an escrow holder's duties and obligations.Amended by L. 2024, ch. 70,§ 6, eff. 7/1/2024. L. 1999, ch. 95, § 10; L. 2000, ch. 26, § 1; L. 2009, ch. 33, § 1; July 1.