Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 175B § 4
In any action against an unauthorized foreign or alien insurer upon a contract of insurance issued or delivered in the commonwealth to a resident thereof or to a corporation authorized to do business therein, if the insurer has failed for thirty days after demand prior to the commencement of the action to make payment in accordance with the terms of the contract, and it appears to the court that such refusal was vexatious and without reasonable cause, the court may allow to the plaintiff a reasonable attorney fee and include such fee in any judgment that may be rendered in such action. Such fee shall not exceed twelve and one half per cent of the amount which the court or jury finds the plaintiff is entitled to recover against the insurer, but in no event shall such fee be less than twenty-five dollars. Failure of an insurer to defend on the merits any such action shall be deemed prima facie evidence that its failure to make payment was vexatious and without reasonable cause.
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 175B, § 4