Section 28:8-102 - Definitions(a) For the purposes of this article, the term: (1) "Adverse claim" means a claim that a claimant has a property interest in a financial asset and that it is a violation of the rights of the claimant for another person to hold, transfer, or deal with the financial asset.(2) "Bearer form," as applied to a certificated security, means a form in which the security is payable to the bearer of the security certificate according to its terms but not by reason of an indorsement.(3) "Broker" means a person defined as a broker or dealer under the federal securities laws, but without excluding a bank acting in that capacity.(4) "Certificated security" means a security that is represented by a certificate.(5) "Clearing corporation" means: (A) A person that is registered as a "clearing agency" under the federal securities laws;(B) A federal reserve bank; or(C) Any other person that provides clearance or settlement services with respect to financial assets that would require it to register as a clearing agency under the federal securities laws but for an exclusion or exemption from the registration requirement, if its activities as a clearing corporation, including promulgation of rules, are subject to regulation by a federal or state governmental authority.(6) "Communicate" means to: (A) Send a signed record; or(B) Transmit information by any mechanism agreed upon by the persons transmitting and receiving the information.(7) "Entitlement holder" means a person identified in the records of a securities intermediary as the person having a security entitlement against the securities intermediary. If a person acquires a security entitlement by virtue of § 28:8-501(b)(2) or (3), that person is the entitlement holder.(8) "Entitlement order" means a notification communicated to a securities intermediary directing transfer or redemption of a financial asset to which the entitlement holder has a security entitlement.(9)(A) "Financial asset," except as otherwise provided in § 28:8-103, means:(ii) An obligation of a person or a share, participation, or other interest in a person or in property or an enterprise of a person, which is, or is of a type, dealt in or traded on financial markets, or which is recognized in any area in which it is issued or dealt in as a medium for investment; or(iii) Any property that is held by a securities intermediary for another person in a securities account if the securities intermediary has expressly agreed with the other person that the property is to be treated as a financial asset under this article.(B) As context requires, the term "financial asset" means either the interest itself or the means by which a person's claim to it is evidenced, including a certificated or uncertificated security, a security certificate, or a security entitlement.(11) "Indorsement" means a signature that alone or accompanied by other words is made on a security certificate in registered form or on a separate document for the purpose of assigning, transferring, or redeeming the security or granting a power to assign, transfer, or redeem it.(12) "Instruction" means a notification communicated to the issuer of an uncertificated security which directs that the transfer of the security be registered or that the security be redeemed.(13) "Registered form," as applied to a certificated security, means a form in which: (A) The security certificate specifies a person entitled to the security; and(B) A transfer of the security may be registered upon books maintained for that purpose by or on behalf of the issuer, or the security certificate so states.(14) "Securities intermediary" means: (A) A clearing corporation; or(B) A person, including a bank or broker, that in the ordinary course of its business maintains securities accounts for others and is acting in that capacity.(15) "Security," except as otherwise provided in § 28:8-103, means an obligation of an issuer or a share, participation, or other interest in an issuer or in property or an enterprise of an issuer which: (A) Is represented by a security certificate in bearer or registered form, or the transfer of which may be registered upon books maintained for that purpose by or on behalf of the issuer;(B) Is one of a class or series or by its terms is divisible into a class or series of shares, participations, interests, or obligations; and(C)(i) Is, or is of a type, dealt in or traded on securities exchanges or securities markets; or(ii) Is a medium for investment and by its terms expressly provides that it is a security governed by this article.(16) "Security certificate" means a certificate representing a security.(17) "Security entitlement" means the rights and property interest of an entitlement holder with respect to a financial asset specified in Part 5.(18) "Uncertificated security" means a security that is not represented by a certificate.(b) The following definitions in this article and other articles apply to this article: (1) "Appropriate person". § 28:8-107.(2) "Control". § 28:8-106.(3) "Controllable account". § 28:9-102.(4) "Controllable electronic record". § 28:12-102.(5) "Controllable payment intangible". § 28:9-102.(6) "Delivery". § 28:8-28:8-301.(7) "Investment company security". § 28:8-103.(8) "Issuer". § 28:8-201.(9) "Overissue". § 28:8-210.(10) "Protected purchaser". § 28:8-303.(11) "Securities account". § 28:8-501.(c) In addition, Article 1 contains general definitions and principles of construction and interpretation applicable throughout this article.(d) The characterization of a person, business, or transaction for purposes of this article does not determine the characterization of the person, business, or transaction for purposes of any other law, regulation, or rule.Amended by D.C. Law 25-158,§ 2, 71 DCR 002265, eff. 4/20/2024.Dec. 30, 1963, 77 Stat. 732, Pub. L. 88-243, § 1; Mar. 16, 1993, D.C. Law 9-196, § 4, 39 DCR 9165; Apr. 9, 1997, D.C. Law 11-240, § 2, 44 DCR 1087; Apr. 9, 1997, D.C. Law 11-255, § 27(yy), 44 DCR 1271; Apr. 27, 2013, D.C. Law 19-299, § 10(a), 60 DCR 2634.