D.C. Code § 28:3-103

Current through codified legislation effective October 30, 2024

Section 28:3-103 - Definitions

(a) In this article, the term:

(1) "Acceptor" means a drawee who has accepted a draft.

(2) "Consumer account" means an account established by an individual primarily for personal, family, or household purposes.

(3) "Consumer transaction" means a transaction in which an individual incurs an obligation primarily for personal, family, or household purposes.

(4) "Drawee" means a person ordered in a draft to make payment.

(5) "Drawer" means a person who signs or is identified in a draft as a person ordering payment.

(6) "Maker" means a person who signs or is identified in a note as a person undertaking to pay.

(7) "Order" means a written instruction to pay money signed by the person giving the instruction. The instruction may be addressed to any person, including the person giving the instruction, or to one or more persons jointly or in the alternative but not in succession. An authorization to pay is not an order unless the person authorized to pay is also instructed to pay.

(8) "Ordinary care" in the case of a person engaged in business means observance of reasonable commercial standards, prevailing in the area in which the person is located, with respect to the business in which the person is engaged. In the case of a bank that takes an instrument for processing for collection or payment by automated means, reasonable commercial standards do not require the bank to examine the instrument if the failure to examine does not violate the bank's prescribed procedures and the bank's procedures do not vary unreasonably from general banking usage not disapproved by this article or Article 4.

(9) "Party" means a party to an instrument.

(10) "Principal obligor", with respect to an instrument, means the accommodated party or any other party to the instrument against whom a secondary obligor has recourse under this article.

(11) "Promise" means a written undertaking to pay money signed by the person undertaking to pay. An acknowledgment of an obligation by the obligor is not a promise unless the obligor also undertakes to pay the obligation.

(12) "Prove" with respect to a fact means to meet the burden of establishing the fact under § 28:1-201(b)(8).

(13) "Remitter" means a person who purchases an instrument from its issuer if the instrument is payable to an identified person other than the purchaser.

(14) "Remotely created consumer item" means an item drawn on a consumer account, which is not created by the payor bank and does not bear a handwritten signature purporting to be the signature of the drawer.

(15) "Secondary obligor", with respect to an instrument, means:

(A) An indorser or an accommodation party;

(B) A drawer having the obligation described in § 28:3-414(d); or

(C) Any other party to the instrument that has recourse against another party to the instrument pursuant to § 28:3-116(b).

(b) Other definitions applying to this article and the sections in which they appear are:

"Acceptance". Section 28:3-409.

"Accommodated party". Section 28:3-419.

"Accommodation party". Section 28:3-419.

"Account". Section 28:4-104.

"Alteration". Section 28:3-407.

"Anomalous indorsement". Section 28:3-205.

"Blank indorsement". Section 28:3-205.

"Cashier's check". Section 28:3-104.

"Certificate of deposit". Section 28:3-104.

"Certified check". Section 28:3-409.

"Check". Section 28:3-104.

"Consideration". Section 28:3-303.

"Draft". Section 28:3-104.

"Holder in due course". Section 28:3-302.

"Incomplete instrument". Section 28:3-115.

"Indorsement". Section 28:3-204.

"Indorser". Section 28:3-204.

"Instrument". Section 28:3-104.

"Issue". Section 28:3-105.

"Issuer". Section 28:3-105.

"Negotiable instrument". Section 28:3-104.

"Negotiation". Section 28:3-201.

"Note". Section 28:3-104.

"Payable at a definite time". Section 28:3-108.

"Payable on demand". Section 28:3-108.

"Payable to bearer". Section 28:3-109.

"Payable to order". Section 28:3-109.

"Payment". Section 28:3-602.

"Person entitled to enforce". Section 28:3-301.

"Presentment". Section 28:3-501.

"Reacquisition". Section 28:3-207.

"Special indorsement". Section 28:3-205.

"Teller's check". Section 28:3-104.

"Transfer of instrument". Section 28:3-203.

"Traveler's check". Section 28:3-104.

"Value". Section 28:3-303.

(c) The following definitions in other articles apply to this article:

"Banking day". Section 28:4-104.

"Clearing house". Section 28:4-104.

"Collecting bank". Section 28:4-105.

"Depositary bank". Section 28:4-105.

"Documentary draft". Section 28:4-104.

"Intermediary bank". Section 28:4-105.

"Item". Section 28:4-104.

"Payor bank". Section 28:4-105.

"Suspends payments". Section 28:4-104.

(d) In addition, Article 1 contains general definitions and principles of construction and interpretation applicable throughout this article.

D.C. Code § 28:3-103

Dec. 30, 1963, 77 Stat. 672, Pub. L. 88-243, § 1; Mar. 23, 1995, D.C. Law 10-249, § 2(d), 42 DCR 467; Apr. 27, 2013, D.C. Law 19-299, § 5(b), 60 DCR 2634.