Section 1416 - Interest and civil penalties(a) If the commissioner of taxation and finance determines that there has been an overpayment of tax, interest at the overpayment rate set by the commissioner shall be paid by the comptroller to the grantor or grantee, on any refund paid pursuant to the provisions of section fourteen hundred twelve of this article. If the commissioner determines that there has been an underpayment of tax, the grantor or grantee shall pay interest to the commissioner at the underpayment rate set by the commissioner on the amount of any tax not paid. The commissioner shall set the rates of interest to be paid on underpayment and overpayment of the taxes imposed by this article at the underpayment and overpayment rates of interest prescribed in subsection (e) of section one thousand ninety-six of this chapter.(b) Any grantor or grantee failing to file a return or to pay any tax within the time required by this article shall be subject to a penalty of ten per centum of the amount of tax due plus an interest penalty of two per centum of such amount for each month of delay or fraction thereof after the expiration of the first month after such return was required to be filed or such tax became due, such interest penalty shall not exceed twenty-five per centum in the aggregate. If the commissioner of taxation and finance determines that such failure or delay was due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect, the commissioner shall remit, abate or waive all of such penalty and such interest penalty.(c) If any amount of tax is not paid on or before the last date prescribed in section fourteen hundred ten of this chapter for payment, interest at the underpayment rate set by the commissioner on such amount shall be paid for the period from such last date to the date paid. The commissioner shall set the rate of interest to be paid at the underpayment rate of interest prescribed in subsection (e) of section one thousand ninety-six of this chapter. Interest under this subdivision shall not be paid if the amount thereof is less than one dollar.(d) The penalties and interest provided for in this section shall be paid to the commissioner of taxation and finance and shall be determined, assessed, collected and distributed in the same manner as the tax imposed by this article and any reference to tax in this article shall be deemed to refer to the penalties and interest imposed in this section.