Section 18-6-403 - Sexual exploitation of a child - legislative declaration - definitions(1) The general assembly hereby finds and declares: That the sexual exploitation of children constitutes a wrongful invasion of the child's right of privacy and results in social, developmental, and emotional injury to the child; that a child below the age of eighteen years is incapable of giving informed consent to the use of his or her body for a sexual purpose; and that to protect children from sexual exploitation it is necessary to prohibit the production of material which involves or is derived from such exploitation and to exclude all such material from the channels of trade and commerce.(1.5) The general assembly further finds and declares that the mere possession or control of any sexually exploitative material results in continuing victimization of our children by the fact that such material is a permanent record of an act or acts of sexual abuse of a child; that each time such material is shown or viewed, the child is harmed; that such material is used to break down the will and resistance of other children to encourage them to participate in similar acts of sexual abuse; that laws banning the production and distribution of such material are insufficient to halt this abuse; that in order to stop the sexual exploitation and abuse of our children, it is necessary for the state to ban the possession of any sexually exploitative materials; and that the state has a compelling interest in outlawing the possession of any sexually exploitative materials in order to protect society as a whole, and particularly the privacy, health, and emotional welfare of its children.(2) As used in this section, unless the context otherwise requires: (a) "Child" means a person who is less than eighteen years of age.(b) (Deleted by amendment, L. 2003, p. 1882, § 1, effective July 1, 2003.)(b.5) "Defense counsel personnel" means any defense attorney lawfully representing a defendant in a criminal case or a juvenile in a delinquency case that involves sexually exploitative material or another individual employed or retained by the defense attorney who performs or assists in the duties relating to the defense of the accused that may involve sexually exploitative materials.(c) "Erotic fondling" means touching a person's clothed or unclothed genitals or pubic area, developing or undeveloped genitals or pubic area (if the person is a child), buttocks, breasts, or developing or undeveloped breast area (if the person is a child), for the purpose of real or simulated overt sexual gratification or stimulation of one or more of the persons involved. "Erotic fondling" shall not be construed to include physical contact, even if affectionate, which is not for the purpose of real or simulated overt sexual gratification or stimulation of one or more of the persons involved.(d) "Erotic nudity" means the display of the human male or female genitals or pubic area, the undeveloped or developing genitals or pubic area of the human male or female child, the human breasts, or the undeveloped or developing breast area of the human child, for the purpose of real or simulated overt sexual gratification or stimulation of one or more of the persons involved.(e) "Explicit sexual conduct" means sexual intercourse, sexual intrusion, erotic fondling, erotic nudity, masturbation, sadomasochism, or sexual excitement.(e.5) "Law enforcement personnel" means any peace officer, prosecutor, criminal investigator, crime analyst, or other individual who is employed by a law enforcement agency or district attorney's office and who performs or assists in investigative duties that may involve sexually exploitative materials.(f) "Masturbation" means the real or simulated touching, rubbing, or otherwise stimulating of a person's own clothed or unclothed genitals or pubic area, developing or undeveloped genitals or pubic area (if the person is a child), buttocks, breasts, or developing or undeveloped breast area (if the person is a child), by manual manipulation or self-induced or with an artificial instrument, for the purpose of real or simulated overt sexual gratification or arousal of the person.(g) "Sadomasochism" means: (I) Real or simulated flagellation or torture for the purpose of real or simulated sexual stimulation or gratification; or(II) The real or simulated condition of being fettered, bound, or otherwise physically restrained for sexual stimulation or gratification of a person.(h) "Sexual excitement" means the real or simulated condition of human male or female genitals when in a state of real or simulated overt sexual stimulation or arousal.(i) "Sexual intercourse" means real or simulated intercourse, whether genital-genital, oral-genital, anal-genital, or oral-anal, between persons of the same or opposite sex, or between a human and an animal, or with an artificial genital.(i.5) "Sexual intrusion" means an intrusion, however slight, by an object or a part of a person's body, except the mouth, tongue, or penis, into the genital or anal opening of another person's body if that sexual intrusion can reasonably be construed as being for the purpose of sexual arousal, gratification, or abuse.(j) "Sexually exploitative material" means any photograph, motion picture, video, recording or broadcast of moving visual images, livestream, print, negative, slide, or other mechanically, electronically, chemically, or digitally reproduced visual material that depicts a child engaged in, participating in, observing, or being used for explicit sexual conduct.(k) "Video", "recording or broadcast", or "motion picture" means any material that depicts a moving image of a child engaged in, participating in, observing, or being used for explicit sexual conduct.(3) A person commits sexual exploitation of a child if, for any purpose, he or she knowingly: (a) Causes, induces, entices, or permits a child to engage in, or be used for, any explicit sexual conduct for the making of any sexually exploitative material; or(b) Prepares, arranges for, publishes, produces, promotes, makes, sells, finances, offers, exhibits, advertises, deals in, distributes, transports or transfers to another person, or makes accessible to another person, including, but not limited to, through digital or electronic means, any sexually exploitative material; or(b.5) Accesses with intent to view, views, possesses, or controls any sexually exploitative material for any purpose; except that this subsection (3)(b.5) does not apply to law enforcement personnel, defense counsel personnel, or court personnel in the performance of their official duties, nor does it apply to physicians, psychologists, therapists, or social workers, so long as such persons are licensed in the state of Colorado and the persons possess such materials in the course of a bona fide treatment or evaluation program at the treatment or evaluation site; or(c) Possesses with the intent to deal in, sell, or distribute, including but not limited to distributing through digital or electronic means, any sexually exploitative material; or(d) Causes, induces, entices, or permits a child to engage in, or be used for, any explicit sexual conduct for the purpose of producing a performance, or accesses with intent to view or views explicit sexual conduct in the form of a performance involving a child if the conduct in the performance was caused, induced, enticed, requested, directed, or specified by the viewer or potential viewer.(3.5) A juvenile's conduct that is limited to the elements of the petty offense of possession of a private image by a juvenile, as described in section 18-7-109 (2), or limited to the elements of the civil infraction of exchange of a private image by a juvenile, as described in section 18-7-109 (3), is not subject to prosecution pursuant to subsection (3)(b) or (3)(b.5) of this section.(4) (Deleted by amendment, L. 2003, p. 1882, § 1, effective July 1, 2003.)(5)(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this subsection (5), sexual exploitation of a child is a class 3 felony.(b) Sexual exploitation of a child pursuant to subsection (3)(b.5) of this section is a class 5 felony for each item of sexually exploitative material accessed with intent to view, viewed, possessed, or controlled; except that said offense is a class 4 felony if:(I) It is a second or subsequent offense; or(II) The item accessed with intent to view, viewed, possessed, or controlled is a video, recording or broadcast of moving visual images, or motion picture.(5.5) Sexual exploitation of a child is an extraordinary risk crime that is subject to the modified presumptive sentencing range specified in section 18-1.3-401 (10) if the sexually exploitative material depicts a child who is: (a) Under twelve years of age;(b) Subjected to the actual application of physical force or violence; or(c) Subject to sexual intercourse, sexual intrusion, or sadomasochism.(5.7) Notwithstanding section 16-22-113 (3)(c) to the contrary, an adult who has more than one conviction of subsection (3)(b.5) of this section in a single criminal case is eligible to petition for removal from the registry pursuant to section 16-22-113.(6) If any provision of this section or the application thereof to any person or circumstances is held invalid, such invalidity shall not affect other provisions or applications of this section which can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end the provisions of this section are declared to be severable.(7) A juvenile charged with a violation of section 18-7-109 (1) is not subject to prosecution for violation of this section for the same electronic or digital photograph, video, or image arising out of the same criminal episode.(8) Nothing in this section changes the discovery procedure for sexually exploitative material as described in section 16-9-601.Amended by 2021 Ch. 446, § 2, eff. 9/7/2021.Amended by 2018 Ch. 58, § 1, eff. 3/22/2018.Amended by 2017 Ch. 390, § 3, eff. 1/1/2018.Amended by 2017 Ch. 141, § 1, eff. 4/18/2017.Amended by 2015 Ch. 274, § 1, eff. 8/5/2015.L. 79: Entire section added, p. 737, § 1, effective July 1. L. 81: (3)(a) amended, p. 997, § 1, effective July 1. L. 84: (1) and (3) amended, p. 553, § 1, effective July 1. L. 88: (1.5) and (3)(b.5) added, (2)(c), (2)(d), (2)(f), and (5) amended, and (4) R&RE, pp. 730, 712, 731, §§ 1, 2, 4, 18, 3, effective July 1. L. 98: (2)(j), IP(3), (3)(b), and (3)(c) amended, p. 398, § 3, effective April 21. L. 2003: (2)(b), (3)(a), (3)(c), and (4) amended, p. 1882, § 1, effective July 1. L. 2006: (5) amended, p. 2043, § 1, effective July 1; (5) amended, p. 2056, § 7, effective July 1. L. 2009: (2)(j) and (5) amended and (2)(k) added, (HB 09-1163), ch. 1799, p. 1799, § 3, effective July 1. L. 2015: Entire section amended, (HB 15-1341), ch. 1113, p. 1113, § 1, effective August 5. L. 2017: (2)(b.5) and (2)(e.5) added and (3)(b.5) amended, (SB 17-115), ch. 470, p. 470, § 1, effective April 18; (3.5) and (7) added, (HB 17-1302), ch. 2013, p. 2013, § 3, effective 1/1/2018. L. 2018: (8) added, (HB 18-1066), ch. 600, p. 600, § 1, effective March 22. L. 2021: (2)(e), (2)(j), (3)(b), (3)(b.5), (3)(d), and (5)(b) amended and (2)(i.5), (5.5), and (5.7) added, (HB 21-1069), ch. 2940, p. 2940, § 2, effective September 7.(1) Amendments to subsection (5) by House Bill 06-1011 and House Bill 06-1092 were harmonized.
(2) Section 9(2) of chapter 446 (HB 21-1069), Session Laws of Colorado 2021, provides that the act changing this section applies to offenses committed on or after September 7, 2021.
2021 Ch. 446, was passed without a safety clause. See Colo. Const. art. V, § 1(3). (1) For the legislative declaration in HB 17-1302 stating the purpose of, and the provision directing legislative service agencies to conduct, a post-enactment review pursuant to § 2-2-1201 scheduled in 2020, see sections 1 and 7 of chapter 390, Session Laws of Colorado 2017. To obtain a copy of the review, once completed, go to "Legislative Resources and Requirements" on the Colorado General Assembly's website. (2) For the legislative declaration in HB 21-1069 stating the purpose of, and the provision directing legislative staff agencies to conduct, a post-enactment review pursuant to § 2-2-1201 scheduled in 2024, see sections 1 and 7 of chapter 446, Session Laws of Colorado 2021. To obtain a copy of the review, once completed, go to "Legislative Resources and Requirements" on the Colorado General Assembly's website.