Section 20-9-311 - Findings - Definitions(a) The General Assembly finds that: (1) Numerous workers who are occupationally exposed to blood-borne pathogens have contracted fatal and other serious viruses and diseases, including the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B, and hepatitis C, from exposure to blood and other potentially infectious materials in their workplaces;(2) In 1991, the United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration issued a standard regulating occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens including the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the hepatitis B virus, and the hepatitis C virus;(3) Compliance with the blood-borne pathogens standard has significantly reduced the risk that workers will contract a blood-borne disease in the course of their work;(4) Nevertheless, occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens from accidental sharps injuries in healthcare settings continues to be a serious problem;(5) In March 2000, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated that more than three hundred eighty thousand (380,000) percutaneous injuries from contaminated sharps occur annually among healthcare workers in United States hospital settings;(6) Estimates for all healthcare settings are that six hundred thousand (600,000) to eight hundred thousand (800,000) needlestick and other percutaneous injuries occur among healthcare workers annually involving sharps contaminated with blood-borne pathogens such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B, or hepatitis C;(7) Since publication of the blood-borne pathogens standard in 1991, there has been a substantial increase in the number and assortment of effective engineering controls available to employers;(8) There is now a large body of research and data concerning the effectiveness of newer engineering controls, including safer medical devices;(9) Numerous studies have demonstrated that the use of safer medical devices such as needle-less systems and sharps with engineered sharps injury protections can be extremely effective in reducing accidental sharps injuries when they are part of an overall blood-borne pathogens risk-reduction program;(10) In March 2000, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated that sixty-two percent (62%) to eighty-eight percent (88%) of sharps injuries potentially can be prevented by the use of safer medical devices depending on the type of device used and the procedure involved;(11) Training and education in the use of safer medical devices and safer work practices are significant elements in the prevention of percutaneous exposure incidents;(12) Staff involvement in the device selection and evaluation process is also an important element in achieving a reduction in sharps injuries, particularly as newer, safer devices are introduced into work settings;(13) The United States Congress has recognized the seriousness of the dangers of sharps injuries by passing the Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act, Pub. L. No. 106-430; and(14) Considerable time will lapse before federal regulations are published, hospitals prepare implementation plans, federal agencies review implementation plans, and hospitals begin implementation.(b) As used in this section:(1) "High-risk area" means the emergency department, operating rooms, and intensive care units in acute care hospitals;(2) "Needleless systems" means devices that do not use needles for: (A) The collection of bodily fluids or withdrawal of bodily fluids after initial venous or arterial access is established;(B) The administration of medication or fluids; or(C) Any other procedure involving the potential for occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens due to percutaneous injuries from contaminated sharps;(3) "Sharps" means a needle used to withdraw bodily fluids, access a vein or artery, or administer medication or other fluids; and(4) "Sharps with engineered sharps injury protections" means a nonneedle sharp or a needle device used for withdrawing bodily fluids, accessing a vein or artery, or administering medications or other fluids with a built-in safety feature or mechanism that effectively reduces the risk of an exposure incident.(c) Immediately after June 1, 2001, hospitals shall begin purchasing needleless systems or sharps with engineered sharps injury protections, or both, for use in high-risk areas, with the goal of ensuring that within eighteen (18) months after June 1, 2001, all high-risk areas shall be supplied exclusively with needleless systems or sharps with engineered sharps injury protections, or both.(d) Any prefilled syringe approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration shall not be subject to the provisions of this section until July 2005.Acts 2001, No. 451, §§ 1-4.