Wash. R. Limi. Lic. Leg. Tech. Pro. Cond. LLLT RPC 1.5

As amended throough October 10, 2024

Rule LLLT RPC 1.5 - FEES

(a) An LLLT shall not make an agreement for, charge, or collect an unreasonable fee or an unreasonable amount for expenses. The factors to be considered in determining the reasonableness of a fee include the following:

(1) the time and labor required, the novelty and difficulty of the questions involved, and the skill requisite to perform the legal service properly;

(2) the likelihood, if apparent to the client, that the acceptance of the particular employment will preclude other employment by the LLLT;

(3) the fee customarily charged in the locality for similar legal services;

(4) the amount involved and the results obtained;

(5) the time limitations imposed by the client or by the circumstances;

(6) the nature and length of the professional relationship with the client;

(7) the experience, reputation, and ability of the LLLT or LLLTs performing the services;

(8) whether the fee is fixed or hourly; and

(9) the terms of the fee agreement between the LLLT and the client, including whether the fee agreement or confirming writing demonstrates that the client had received a reasonable and fair disclosure of material elements of the fee agreement and of the LLLT's billing practices.

(b) The scope of the representation and the basis or rate of the fee and expenses for which the client will be responsible shall be communicated to the client, in writing, before commencing the representation. Upon the request of the client in any matter, the LLLT shall communicate to the client in writing the basis or rate of the fee.

(c) [Reserved.]

(d) An LLLT shall not enter into an arrangement for, charge, or collect any fee, the payment or amount of which is contingent upon the outcome of the case.

(e) An LLLT may not enter into an arrangement for the division of a fee with another LLLT or lawyer who is not in the same firm as the LLLT.

(f) Fees and expenses paid in advance of performance of services shall comply with Rule 1.15A, subject to the following exceptions:

(1) [Reserved.]

(2) An LLLT may charge a flat fee for specified legal services, which constitutes complete payment for those services and is paid in whole or in part in advance of the LLLT providing the services. A flat fee must be agreed to in advance in a writing signed by the client. The written agreement may specify that the flat fee is the LLLT's property on receipt, in which case the fee shall not be deposited into a trust account under Rule 1.15A. To qualify for the exception from the requirements of Rule 1.15A, the written fee agreement shall, in a manner that can easily be understood by the client, include the following:

(i) the scope of the services to be provided;

(ii) the total amount of the fee and the terms of payment;

(iii) that the fee is the LLLT's property immediately on receipt and will not be placed into a trust account;

(iv) that the fee agreement does not alter the client's right to terminate the client-LLLT relationship; and

(v) that the client may be entitled to a refund of a portion of the fee if the agreed-upon legal services have not been completed. A statement in substantially the following form satisfies this requirement:

[LLLT/law firm] agrees to provide, for a flat fee of $__________, the following services:

_______________________________________________. The flat fee shall be paid as follows:___________________________________________. Upon [LLLT's/law firm's] receipt of all or any portion of the flat fee, the funds are the property of [LLLT/law firm] and will not be placed in a trust account. The fact that you have paid your fee in advance does not affect your right to terminate the client-LLLT relationship. In the event our relationship is terminated before the agreed-upon legal services have been completed, you may or may not have a right to a refund of a portion of the fee.

(3) In the event of a dispute relating to a fee under paragraph (f)(2) of this Rule, the LLLT shall take reasonable and prompt action to resolve the dispute.

Wash. R. Limi. Lic. Leg. Tech. Pro. Cond. LLLT RPC 1.5

Comment

[1] Rule 1.5 was adapted from Lawyer RPC 1.5 with changes to reflect the limited scope of an LLLT's authorized practice and special requirements imposed by APR 28. Otherwise, it applies to LLLTs analogously.

[2] An LLLT, unlike a lawyer, is prohibited from entering into a contingent fee or retainer agreement with a client. Lawyer RPC 1.5(c) and 1.5(f)(1) address contingent fees and retainers respectively. Accordingly, paragraphs (c) and (f)(1) are reserved under this Rule. Reservation of such paragraphs, however, is not intended to prohibit an LLLT from being apportioned a part of a fee earned by a lawyer under a contingent fee or retainer arrangement when the LLLT and the lawyer are associated in a for profit business relationship authorized under Rule 5.9.

[3] Under the circumstances specified in Lawyer RPC 1.5(e), a lawyer may agree to a division of a fee either with another lawyer who is not in the same firm or with an authorized lawyer referral service. By contrast, paragraph (e) of this Rule categorically prohibits an LLLT from dividing a fee. An LLLT may pay the usual charges of an LLLT referral service. See Rule 7.3(b).

[4] Unlike a lawyer, an LLLT is required by APR 28(G)(2) to enter into a written contract with the client before the LLLT begins to perform any services for a fee that includes, among other things, identification of all fees and costs to be charged to the client for the services to be performed. The provisions concerning a flat fee described in (f)(2) of this Rule, if applicable, should be included in that contract. The contract must be signed by both the client and the LLLT before the LLLT begins to perform any services for a fee.

[5] An LLLT is ordinarily prohibited from modifying the written contract with the client that is required by APR 28(G)(3). Courts have applied the provisions of RPC 1.8(a) to modifications or renegotiations of fee arrangements by lawyers made during the representation of a client when the modified or renegotiated terms are more favorable to the lawyer than originally agreed upon. See, e.g., Valley/50th Ave., LLC. v. Stewart, 159 Wn.2d 736, 743-44, 153 P.3d 186, 189 (2007);Rafel Law Grp. PLLC v. Defoor, 176 Wn. App. 210, 223-24, 308 P.3d 767, 775 (2013), review denied, 179 Wn.2d 1011, 316 P.3d 495 (2014). Under these Rules, business transactions between LLLTs and clients are prohibited. See Rule 1.8(a). Accordingly, any changes in the basis or rate of an LLLT's fee that benefit the LLLT must be identified in the initial contract.