Rule 17 - Parties Plaintiff and Defendant; Capacity(a)Real Party in Interest. Every action shall be prosecuted in the name of the real party in interest. An executor, administrator, guardian, bailee, trustee of an express trust, a party with whom or in whose name a contract has been made for the benefit of another, or a party authorized by statute may sue in that person's own name without joining the party for whose benefit the action is brought; and when a statute so provides, an action for the use or benefit of another shall be brought in the name of the State of Vermont. An insurer who has paid all or part of a loss may sue in the name of the assured to whose rights it is subrogated. No action shall be dismissed on the ground that it is not prosecuted in the name of the real party in interest until a reasonable time has been allowed after objection for ratification of commencement of the action by, or joinder or substitution of, the real party in interest; and such ratification, joinder, or substitution shall have the same effect as if the action had been commenced in the name of the real party in interest.(b)Guardians and Other Representatives. Whenever an infant or incompetent person has a representative, such as a general guardian, conservator, or other like fiduciary, the representative may sue or defend on behalf of the infant or incompetent person. An infant or incompetent person who does not have a duly appointed representative may sue by a next friend or by a guardian ad litem. The court shall appoint a guardian ad litem for an infant or incompetent person not otherwise represented in an action or shall make such other order as it deems proper for the protection of the infant or incompetent person. In any action in which there are or may be defendants who have been served only by publication and who have not appeared, the court may appoint an agent, guardian ad litem, or next friend to represent them.(c)Subrogated Insurance Claims. No claim or counterclaim shall be asserted on behalf of an insurer in the name of the assured for damages resulting from alleged wrongful acts, claimed by right of subrogation or assignment, unless at least 14 days prior to asserting such claim the insurer gives notice in writing to the assured of its intention to do so. Such notice shall be served in the manner provided for service of summons in Rule 4 or by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, with instructions to deliver to addressee only. There shall be attached to the pleading asserting such subrogation claim a copy of the notice together with either the return of the person making the service or the return receipt. If the assured or any party suing in the assured's right desires to assert a claim arising out of the same transaction or occurrence, the assured or party shall notify the insurer or its attorney in writing within 14 days after receipt of such notice.Amended Nov. 9, 1982, eff. 2/1/1983; amended Sept. 20, 2017, eff. 1/1/2018.Reporter's Notes-2018 Amendment
Rule 17(c) is amended to extend its 10-day time periods to 14 days consistent with the simultaneous "day is a day" amendments to V.R.C.P. 6.