Rule 41 - Dismissal of Actions.(a) Voluntary Dismissal; Effect Thereof.(1) By Plaintiff; By Stipulation. Subject to the provisions of Rule 23(e) of Rule 66(j), and any statute of this state, an action may be dismissed by the plaintiff without order of court: (A) By filing a notice of dismissal at any time before service by the adverse party of an answer or of a motion for summary judgment, whichever first occurs; or (B) by filing a stipulation of dismissal signed by all parties who have appeared in the action. Unless otherwise stated in the notice of dismissal or stipulation, the dismissal is without prejudice, except that a notice of dismissal operates as an adjudication upon the merits when filed by a plaintiff who has once dismissed in any court of this or any other state or of the United States an action based on or including such claim.
(2) By Order of Court. Except as provided in paragraph (1) of this subdivision of this rule, an action shall not be dismissed at the plaintiff's instance save upon order of the court and upon such terms and conditions as the court deems proper. If a counterclaim has been pleaded by a defendant prior to the service upon the defendant of the plaintiff's motion to dismiss, the action shall not be dismissed against the defendant's objection unless the counterclaim can remain pending for independent adjudication by the court. Unless otherwise specified in the order, a dismissal under this paragraph is without prejudice. (b) Involuntary Dismissal: Effect Thereof. (1) On Court's Own Motion. The court may, in its discretion, dismiss any action for lack of prosecution where the action has been pending for more than five (5) years, or, at any time, for failure of the plaintiff to comply with these rules or to proceed when the action is reached for trial. Notice that an action will be in order for dismissal on a day certain shall be served upon the plaintiff's attorney of record and upon to the plaintiff if the plaintiff's address is known. If there is no attorney of record and if the plaintiff's address is not known, such notice shall be published as directed by the court in accordance with statutory provisions.(2) On Motion of the Defendant. On motion of the defendant the court may, in its discretion, dismiss any action for failure of the plaintiff to comply with these rules or any order of court or for lack of prosecution as provided in paragraph (1) of this subdivision. (3) Effect. Unless the court in its order for dismissal otherwise specifies, a dismissal under this subdivision (b) and any dismissal not provided for in this rule, other than a dismissal for lack of jurisdiction or for improper venue or for lack of an indispensable party, operates as an adjudication upon the merits. (c) Dismissal of Counterclaim, Cross-claim, or Third Party Claim. The provisions of this rule apply to the dismissal of any counterclaim, cross-claim, third party claim, or additional claim. A voluntary dismissal by the claimant alone pursuant to paragraph (1) of subdivision (a) of this rule shall be made before a responsive pleading or a motion for summary judgment is served or, if there is neither, before the introduction of evidence at the trial or hearing. (d) Costs of Previously-Dismissed Action. If a plaintiff who has once dismissed an action in any court commences an action based on or including the same claim against the same defendant, the court may make such order for the payment of costs of the action previously dismissed as it may deem proper and may stay the proceedings in the action until the plaintiff has complied with the order. R.I. Super. Ct. R. Civ. P. 41