Rule 46 - Failure to Make Discovery; Sanctions(A) Motion for order compelling discovery. A party, upon reasonable notice to other parties and all persons affected thereby, may move for an order compelling discovery as follows:(1) Appropriate court.(a) Parties. A motion for an order directed against a party may be made to the court in which the action is pending, and, on matters relating to a deponent's failure to answer questions at a deposition, a motion may also be made to the circuit court for the county where the deponent is located.(b) Non-parties. A motion for an order directed against a deponent who is not a party shall be made to the circuit court for the county where the non-party deponent is located.(2) Motion. If a party fails to furnish a report under Rule 44(B) or (C), or if a deponent fails to answer a question propounded or served under Rule 39 or Rule 40, or if a corporation or other entity fails to make a designation under Rule 39(C)(6) or Rule 40(A), or if a party fails to respond to a request for a copy of an insurance agreement or policy under Rule 36(B)(2), or if a party in response to a request for production or inspection submitted under Rule 43 fails to produce or to permit inspection as requested, the discovering party may move for an order compelling discovery in accordance with the request. Any motion made under this subsection shall identify at the beginning of the motion the items that the moving party seeks to discover. When taking a deposition on oral examination, the proponent of the question may complete or adjourn the examination before applying for an order. If the court denies the motion in whole or in part, it may make any protective order it would have been empowered to make on a motion made pursuant to Rule 36 C.(3) Evasive or incomplete answer. For purposes of this section, an evasive or incomplete answer is to be treated as a failure to answer.(4) Award of expenses of motion. If the motion is granted, the court may, after an opportunity for hearing, require the party or deponent whose conduct necessitated the motion or the party or attorney advising such conduct, or both of them, to pay to the moving party the reasonable expenses incurred in obtaining the order, including attorney fees, unless the court finds that the opposition to the motion was substantially justified or that other circumstances make an award of expenses unjust. If the motion is denied, the court may, after an opportunity for hearing, require the moving party or the attorney advising the motion or both of them to pay to the party or deponent who opposed the motion the reasonable expenses incurred in opposing the motion, including attorney fees, unless the court finds that the making of the motion was substantially justified or that other circumstances make an award of expenses unjust.
If the motion is granted in part and denied in part, the court may apportion the reasonable expenses incurred in relation to the motion among the parties and persons in a just manner.
(B) Failure to comply with order.(1) Sanctions by court in the county where the deponent is located. If a deponent fails to be sworn or to answer a question after being directed to do so by a circuit court judge of the county in which the deponent is located, the failure may be considered a contempt of court.(2) Sanctions by court in which action is pending. If a party or an officer, director, or managing agent or a person designated under Rule 39(C)(6) or Rule 40(A) to testify on behalf of a party fails to obey an order to provide or permit discovery, including an order made under section (A) of this rule or Rule 44, the court in which the action is pending may make any order in regard to the failure as is just, including, but not limited to, the following: (a) Establishment of facts. An order that the matters that caused the motion for the sanction or any other designated facts shall be taken to be established for the purposes of the action in accordance with the claim of the party obtaining the order;(b) Designated matters. An order refusing to allow the disobedient party to support or oppose designated claims or defenses, or prohibiting the disobedient party from introducing designated matters in evidence.(c) Strike, stay, or dismissal. An order striking out pleadings or parts thereof, or staying further proceedings until the order is obeyed, or dismissing the action or any part thereof, or rendering a judgment by default against the disobedient party.(d) Contempt of court. In lieu of or in addition to any of the orders listed in paragraph B(2)(a), B(2)(b), or B(2)(c) of this rule, an order treating as a contempt of court the failure to obey any order except an order to submit to a physical or mental examination.(e) Inability to produce person. Any of the orders listed in paragraphs (a), (b), and (c) of this rule, when a party has failed to comply with an order under Rule 44(A) requiring the party to produce another person for examination, unless the party failing to comply shows inability to produce the person for examination.(3) Payment of expenses. In lieu of or in addition to any order listed in subsection (2) of this rule the court shall require the party failing to obey the order or the attorney advising that party or both, to pay the reasonable expenses, including attorney fees, caused by the failure, unless the court finds that the failure was substantially justified or that other circumstances make an award of expenses unjust.(C) Expenses on failure to admit. If a party fails to admit the genuineness of any document or the truth of any matter, as requested under Rule 45, and if the party requesting the admission thereafter proves the genuineness of the document or the truth of the matter, the party requesting the admission may apply to the court for an order requiring the other party to pay the party requesting the admission the reasonable expenses incurred in making that proof, including reasonable attorney fees. The court shall make the order unless it finds that: the request was held objectionable pursuant to Rule 45(B) or (C); the admission sought was of no substantial importance; the party failing to admit had reasonable grounds to believe that it might prevail on the matter; or there was other good reason for the failure to admit.(D) Failure of party to attend own deposition or respond to request for production or inspection. If a party or an officer, director, or managing agent of a party or a person designated under Rule 39(C)(6) or Rule 40(A) to testify on behalf of a party fails to appear before the officer who is to take the deposition of that party or person, after being served with a proper notice, or to comply with or to serve objections to a request for production or inspection submitted under Rule 43, after proper service of the request, the court where the action is pending on motion may make any order in regard to the failure as is just, including, but not limited to, any action authorized under paragraphs (B)(2)(a), (b), and (c) of this rule. In lieu of any order or in addition thereto, the court shall require the party failing to act or the attorney advising that party, or both, to pay the reasonable expenses, including attorney fees, caused by the failure, unless the court finds that the failure was substantially justified or that other circumstances make an award of expenses unjust. The failure to act described in this section may not be excused on the ground that the discovery sought is objectionable unless the party failing to act has applied for a protective order as provided by Rule 36(C).
CCP 12/2/1978; §§A(2),D amended by CCP 12/13/1980; §§A,B amended by CCP 12/12/1992; §B amended by 1999 c. 59 § 4; §A amended by CCP 12/11/2004