Me. R. Civ. P. 93
This Rule shall govern operation of the Foreclosure Diversion Program.
As used in this Rule, the following terms shall have the following meanings:
The mediation scheduling notice shall contain scheduling information, and attached thereto any court forms that the parties are required to file with the court, exchange with each other in advance, or bring to the mediation session(s). The completed Plaintiff's Foreclosure Mediation Information form must be filed with the court no later than 7 days before the date indicated in the first Scheduling Notice of the first mediation session.
The mediation shall address all issues of foreclosure, including but not limited to:
Mediators are authorized to schedule additional or follow-up sessions, if necessary. Such sessions will be conducted in the same manner as the original session, and will not extend the time limit to complete mediation set in subsection (e)(2) unless the parties agree to such an extension or unless the court finds that such an extension is necessitated by a plaintiff's delay.
If a plaintiff or defendant or attorney fails to attend or to make a good faith effort to mediate, the mediator shall inform the court, and the court may impose appropriate sanctions. Sanctions may include, but are not limited to, tolling of interest and other charges pending completion of mediation, assessment of costs and fees, assessment of reasonable attorney fees, entry of judgment, permitting dispositive motions and/or requests for admissions to be filed, entry of an order that mediation shall not occur, dismissal without prejudice, dismissal without prejudice with a prohibition on refiling the foreclosure action for a stated period of time, and/or dismissal with prejudice.
Mediation sessions will be held at court locations, whenever possible. The Foreclosure Diversion Program Manager may approve use of an alternate site if the parties and mediator agree upon a location, or if courthouse resources cannot accommodate mediation sessions. The original case file shall not leave Judicial Branch buildings.
A defendant may request that mediation be waived by filing a completed "motion to waive" form with the court. If the defendant files that motion, the court may waive mediation only upon a finding by the court that:
Me. R. Civ. P. 93
Advisory Note - November 2023
Subdivision (f) is amended to provide that the Plaintiff's Foreclosure Mediation Information form (FDP-02A) must be filed with the court no later than seven days before the date indicated in the first Scheduling Notice of the first mediation session.
Advisory Note - October 2014
Rule 93(i) is amended to replace a reference to subsection (e)(4) with a reference to subsection (e)(2). Because former subsections (e)(2) and (e)(3) were stricken as described in Advisory Note - June 2014 to Rule 93, former subsection (e)(4) was renumbered as subsection (e)(2).
Advisory Note - June 2014
The language of section (b)(2)(A) is amended to reflect that the Foreclosure Diversion Program has been established and the manager is now charged with its operation.
Mediators are independent contractors, and to comply with 26 M.R.S. § 1043(11)(E) and 39-A M.R.S. §102(13-A), the Judicial Branch does not train them. However, the Foreclosure Diversion Program does provide orientation as part of the certification process. Thus, the language of section (b)(2)(C) is modified to use the word "orientation."
The language in section (b)(3)(A) is amended because all prospective mediators attend an orientation session, not a training session.
Section(b)(3)(B)(i) is amended to include real estate professionals because 14 M.R.S. §6321-A has been amended to authorize those trained in mediation and relevant aspects of the law "related to real estate" to become Foreclosure Diversion Program mediators. See P.L. 2013, ch. 521, § F-1 (effective Aug. 1, 2014).
The language in section (b)(3)(B)(ii) is amended to comply with 26 M.R.S. § 1043(11)(E) and 39-A M.R.S. §102(13-A).
Section (c) is reorganized to place the content regarding informational sessions in subsection (2) and the content regarding mediation sessions in subsection (3), whereas they were previously in the reverse order.
This reorganization is undertaken to reflect that informational sessions are scheduled in all cases that enter the mediation program statewide, and that first mediation sessions in those cases now occur following informational sessions on the same day. Defendants are still afforded 21 days to submit financial documents, if needed, but timelines for plaintiffs' review of those forms are based on party agreement and applicable regulations, and are determined at mediation.
A scheduling notice for an informational session and mediation advises the parties of when to be at court and no longer includes sequential deadlines for filing documents. The requirement to attend a scheduled court event is implicit in this rule; consequently all references to scheduling "orders" for an informational session and for mediation have been amended to scheduling "notices" and no longer require judicial review and signature.
Section (c)(4) is modified to include the requirement that a plaintiff's attorney supply a physical address because some defendants wish to give financial documents to plaintiff's counsel in hand rather than by mail.
Section (c)(5) is amended to reflect that an informational session, followed by first mediation session on the same day, is now scheduled in every case entering the Foreclosure Diversion Program, and that, at the first mediation session, the plaintiff will identify the necessary documents to be submitted by defendants within 21 days.
Section (d)(1) is amended to omit references to sections (c) and (q). Scheduling of mediation pursuant to subsection (c) will no longer require a court order; parties will receive notice of informational sessions and mediation (see above). The possibility of a case entering the Foreclosure Diversion Program via court order is made more general, rather than limiting the basis of the order to mediate to subsection (q).
Section (e) is amended to replace all references to "scheduling orders" with references to "scheduling notices." In addition, because all first mediation sessions occur on the same day as the informational sessions, section (e)(2) is stricken. Section (e)(3) is also stricken because all cases are scheduled for informational sessions.
Section (f) is amended to clarify that the scheduling notice for an informational session and first mediation must be sent with certain forms attached.
Section (g) is amended to add a fourth example of a possible issue to be addressed at mediation. Nonretention alternatives to foreclosure sometimes require different action plans, but it is important to clarify that liquidation of the property is an alternative, and raises an issue of foreclosure to be addressed.
Recent amendments to 14 M.R.S. §6321-A expanded the options available in foreclosure mediation for determining the value of loan modification in each case. See P.L. 2013, ch. 521, § F-2 (effective Aug. 1, 2014). The addition to subsection (g) captures the option to use a calculator that is the reasonable equivalent to the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Loan Modification Program Guide.
Section (h)(1) is amended to add "a potential contributor to the household" as an example of a person who may be necessary for effective mediation.
Section (j) is amended to add "tolling of interest and other charges pending completion of mediation" as an example of a possible sanction for failure to make a good faith effort to mediate. This sanction addresses the effect of delay on any remaining options.
Section (n)(2) is amended to eliminate the requirement that a mediator provide a paper report to the Foreclosure Diversion Program because the Program currently tracks data and processes payment requests through an electronic system and no longer requires copies of reports for this purpose.
Subsections (3) and (4) of section (n) are revised to reflect the option resulting from recent legislative amendments to 14 M.R.S. §6321-A for mediators to use a net present value analysis other than that found in the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Loan Modification Program Guide. See P.L. 2013, ch. 521, § F-2 (effective Aug. 1, 2014).
Advisory Committee Note
December 2010
The first amendment eliminates the 180-day look back; the second would give judges the discretion to return cases to the regular docket if a defendant fails to attend an informational session.
With regard to the first amendment, M.R. Civ. P. 93(a)(3) as it currently reads, requires court staff to do extra work to find defendants who are not residing in the properties at issue. When this language was added, there was some concern that the mediation process be available to individuals who had moved out of their homes because they could no longer afford to pay the mortgage. With experience, it has become apparent that virtually the only unoccupied houses undergoing foreclosure in Maine are "second" homes, which do not qualify for the program. In Maine it appears that people who are not paying their mortgages on their primary residences, for whatever reason, are not moving out.
The second proposed amendment would allow judges to use their discretion to determine how to address cases when a defendant fails to appear for an informational session the defendant was ordered to attend. This amendment would conform the Rule to present practice in some courts.
Advisory Notes - January 1, 2010
Rule 93 of the Maine Rules of Civil Procedure is adopted to implement, statewide, the foreclosure service and notice requirements adopted in 14 M.R.S. §6111(1-A) and the Foreclosure Mediation Program authorized in 14 M.R.S. §6321-A. The Court is acting pursuant to its general rulemaking authority and specific authority to act on this issue established by 4 M.R.S. §18-B(12). Rule 93 tracks fairly closely the Rules adopted for the Foreclosure Diversion Program Pilot Project in York County that were implemented by Administrative Order JB-09-03, effective August 3, 2009. This draft includes adjustments to recognize the experience gained in the Pilot Project.
The statute indicates that the foreclosure diversion program is to take effect statewide on January 1, 2010. Thus the draft indicates that actions not subject to the new rules are those actions filed on or before December 31, 2009, and actions subject to the new rules are those actions filed after December 31, 2009.
Rule 93 includes sections (a) through (q) as follows:
Section (a) includes definitions of important terms.
-- the commercial loan definition covers loans used exclusively for commercial purposes, with the intention that the mortgages securing those loans may be exempted from the delay imposed on motion practice by section (d)(1).
-- the foreclosure action definition essentially covers the foreclosure provisions in title 14, chapter 713 of the Maine Revised Statutes, excepting State mortgages;
-- the owner-occupant definition includes a look-back provision, not in the statute, to include people who may have left their home in the last six months because they could not afford to live in it and perhaps found a renter or abandoned the home. Persons who have left their homes could not qualify if they have assumed another mortgage;
-- the primary residence definition is based on case law addressing the residence issue, see e.g., State v. Falcone, 2006 ME 90, ¶¶ 7-11, 902 A.2d 141, 143-44;
-- the residential property definition follows 14 M.R.S. §6321-A(3) as to what properties qualify, with the added reference to a single condominium unit, which could be in a larger than four unit building. Section (b)(1) indicates that Rule 93 governs all foreclosure actions filed after December 31, 2009, against defendants who are owner-occupants. Rule 93 also may govern foreclosure actions filed before December 31, 2009 against defendants who are owner-occupants, but only when a court orders the parties to participate in mediation.
The manager description section (b)(2) is self-explanatory.
The mediator description in section (b)(3) follows the statute in addressing active retired judges separately from others who may seek to be mediators. For others there are relevant training, education, and experience qualifications described in (b)(3)(B).
Section (c) establishes filing, response and scheduling requirements for the program. Subsection (c)(1) addresses the requirement for defendants to file answers in addition to appearing in or otherwise requesting mediation in the action. Although 14 M.R.S. §6321-A(6) did not limit the time period during which a homeowner could request mediation, the Rule includes such a limitation in order to both expedite the mediation process and limit the delay imposed. Defendants who do not properly answer or otherwise respond may be subject to default pursuant to M.R. Civ. P. 55.
Subsection (c)(2) generally establishes the mandatory mediation process for foreclosure actions filed after December 31, 2009, against defendants who are owner-occupants. It also recognizes that a plaintiff may proceed to seek a default judgment pursuant to M.R. Civ. P. 55 if a properly served defendant completely fails to respond to an action.
Subsection (c)(3) gives courts discretion to order defendants and others to attend informational sessions before participating in mediation. The informational sessions, when they can be held, will be used to educate individuals about the law, process and paperwork involved in foreclosure actions so that they may better understand their options as the action proceeds.
Subsections (c)(4) and (5) outline the duties of the plaintiff and defendant in coordinating the preparation and exchange of financial information needed for the parties to consider alternatives to foreclosure. The rule requires homeowners to provide the requested financial information necessary within a relatively short period of time, again in order to expedite the mediation process and to avoid delay. The date the defendant must return the financial forms to plaintiff's counsel, with a copy of the forms sent to the court, is dependent upon whether the defendant is required to attend an informational session. If the defendant fails to attend an informational session and fails to send the required paperwork with plaintiff's counsel on time, the court may order that mediation will not occur, and return the foreclosure case to the regular court docket.
Section (d)(1) addresses the deferral of dispositive motions and requests for admissions for all cases where mediation has been ordered. This is designed to allow the parties to focus on the mediation process, and is based on 14 M.R.S. §6321-A(9), which requires that when a defendant has responded to an action, there be no entry of judgment before mediation is completed. However, subsection (d)(2) provides that cases involving commercial loans may be exempted from the deferral by order of the court.
Section (e) describes the timing of notice to the parties regarding informational sessions and mediation. The Rule imposes a 90-day limit on the mediation process, in order to ensure that mediation occurs as expeditiously as possible.
Section (f) authorizes the court to require parties to gather and exchange specific financial information in the foreclosure mediation scheduling order.
Section (g) outlines the issues to be addressed in mediation. It is based on 14 M.R.S. §6321-A(3) with proof of mortgage ownership and calculation of sums due issues added.
Section (h) addressing mandatory and discretionary participation in mediation is based on 14 M.R.S. §6321-A(11) with lien holders and other essential creditors added. It also addresses requirements for remote participation in mediation sessions.
Section (i) authorizes mediators to schedule additional mediation sessions, if determined necessary by the mediator, provided that the time limit to complete mediation is not exceeded, unless the parties agree to or the court has ordered an extension.
Section (j), the good faith provision, is based on 14 M.R.S. §6321-A(12). Although section (j) lists some sanctions available to the court, it is not meant to limit a court's authority to devise other forms of appropriate sanctions.
Section (k) outlines the procedure for parties to request continuances or cancellations of scheduled mediation sessions and to inform the mediator and other parties of such requests.
Section (l) specifies that mediations will be conducted at court locations, whenever possible. If the parties would prefer an alternate location, or if courthouse resources cannot accommodate mediation sessions, the Foreclosure Diversion Program Manager may permit the session to occur in an alternate site. Original case files may not be removed from Judicial Branch buildings.
Section (m) addresses waiver of mediation with court approval. Only defendants may request waiver of mediation.
Section (n) regarding mediator's reports is based on 14 M.R.S. §6321-A(13), with an added reference to points of agreement to be reported.
Section (o) specifying that no party waives any rights by participating in informational sessions or mediation tracks 14 M.R.S. §6321-A(5).
Section (p) addressing mediation confidentiality and the confidentiality of information provided or developed during the mediation process, is based on 14 M.R.S. §6321-A(4) with added reference to M.R. Evid. 408, 514, and M.R. Civ. P. 16B(k).
Section (q) authorizes courts in their discretion, and after consultation with the Foreclosure Diversion Program Manager, to order parties to foreclosure actions involving defendants who are owner-occupants, which were filed before January 1, 2010, and have not yet resulted in a final judgment to participate in mediation. One requirement for participation in this program is payment of the mediation fee. That fee, set in the Court Fees Schedule, is currently $200. The Rule does not specify the fee amount because the Fees Schedule is subject to change.