Me. R. Civ. P. 5

As amended through November 25, 2024

Rule 5 - Service, Filing, and Form of Pleadings and Other Documents

(a) Service: When Required. Except as otherwise provided in these rules, every order required by its terms to be served, every pleading subsequent to the original complaint unless the court otherwise orders because of numerous defendants, every document relating to discovery required to be served upon a party unless the court otherwise orders, every written motion other than one which may be heard ex parte, and every written notice, appearance, notice of change of attorneys, pretrial memorandum, demand, offer of judgment, designation of record and statement of points on appeal, and similar document shall be served upon each of the parties, no later than the date on which the document is filed with the court, but no service need be made on parties in default for failure to appear except that (1) pleadings asserting new or additional claims for relief against them shall be served upon them in the manner provided for service of summons in Rule 4, and (2) when applicable, a copy of a request for default or default judgment must be mailed as set forth in Rule 55(f).

(b) Same: How Made. Whenever under these rules service is required or permitted to be made upon a party represented by an attorney, the service shall be made upon the attorney unless service upon the party personally is ordered by the court. When an attorney has filed a limited appearance under Rule 11(b), service upon the attorney is not required. Service upon an attorney who has ceased to represent a party is a sufficient compliance with this subdivision until written notice of change of attorneys has been served upon the other parties. Except as otherwise provided in these rules, service of the documents described in subdivision (a) upon a party who is represented by an attorney or an unrepresented party who has opted in to Electronic Service shall be made

(1) by delivering a copy to the attorney or to the party; or

(2) by Electronic Service to the last known electronic mail address provided to the court or, if no electronic mail address is known, mailing it to the last known regular mail address, or, if neither is known, by leaving it with the clerk of the court.

If Electronic Service to the last known electronic mail address is returned as undeliverable, or the sender otherwise learns that it was not successfully delivered, service must then be made by regular mail. Service shall be complete upon the attempted Electronic Service for purposes of the sender meeting any time period.

Service of the documents described in subdivision (a) upon an unrepresented party who has not opted in to Electronic Service or service of documents excluded from Electronic Service below shall be made by mailing them to the last known regular mail address of the party, or, if no mail address is known, by leaving them with the clerk of the court.

''Electronic Service" means the electronic transmission of a pleading, document, or information to a party or a party's attorney through electronic mail (email) under this rule. Unless otherwise approved by the court, pleadings and other documents being transmitted electronically shall be sent or submitted as an attachment in portable document format (PDF), except that documents produced pursuant to rules 33 and 34, any record in support of summary judgment in excess of 50 pages, and the record of proceedings filed pursuant to Rules 80B or 80C are not required to be produced or transmitted in electronic format, and, in addition to being electronically served, original signed answers to interrogatories are required to be produced to the requesting party. Electronic Service shall be complete when transmitted, shall be presumed to have been received by the intended recipient, and shall have the same legal effect as the service of an original paper document.

''Delivery of a copy'' within this rule means: handing it to the attorney or to the party; or leaving it at the office of the attorney or of the party with the person in charge thereof; or, if there is no one in charge, leaving it in a conspicuous place therein, or, if the office is closed or the person to be served has no office, leaving it at the person's dwelling house or usual place of abode with some person of suitable age and discretion then residing therein. Service by regular mail is complete upon mailing.

(c)Same: Numerous Defendants. In any action in which there are unusually large numbers of defendants, the court, upon motion or of its own initiative, may order that service of the pleadings of the defendant and replies thereto need not be made as between the defendants and that any cross-claim, counterclaim, or matter constituting an avoidance or affirmative defense contained therein shall be deemed to be denied or avoided by all other parties and that the filing of any such pleading and service thereof upon the plaintiff constitutes due notice of it to the parties. A copy of every such order shall be served upon the parties in such manner and form as the court directs.

(d)Filing: No Proof of Service Required. Subject to the provisions of Rule 26(f) regarding discovery, all documents after the complaint required to be served upon a party shall be filed with the court either upon service or within a reasonable time thereafter. Such filing by a party shall constitute a representation by the party, subject to the obligations of Rule 11, that a copy of the document has been or will be served upon each of the other parties as required by subdivision (a) of this rule. No further proof of service is required unless an adverse party raises a question of notice or such proof of service is required by Rule 36(G) of the Maine Rules of Electronic Court Systems.

(e)Filing with the Court Defined. The filing of pleadings and other documents with the court as required by these rules shall be made by filing them with the court except that a justice or judge may permit paper filings to be filed with that justice or judge, in which event the justice or judge shall note thereon the filing date and forthwith transmit them to the office of the clerk. After hours or other office filings are subject to Rule 5(g).

(f)Filings Not in Compliance with Rules, Orders or Statute. Filings that are received but not signed or not accompanied at the time of filing by a legally required element, shall be rejected by the clerk as incomplete.

(1) Upon rejection, the clerk will send a rejection notice to the filer that identifies the basis for the rejection. If the filing is on paper the clerk shall return it to the filer.

(2) The clerk will not docket the attempted filing but will retain a copy of the attempted filing and the related rejection notice, for six months.

(3) The documents may be refiled when all elements are complete and will be docketed when the complete filing is received.

(g)After Hours and Other Office Filings in Paper.

(1) Clerks of courts may not, unless authorized by a judge or justice, accept filings for other courts, or accept paper pleadings or other documents filed with or left for the clerk after normal business hours. Unless the party or counsel has filed the paper pleading or document directly with a judge or justice, or the clerk has received explicit instructions from a judge or justice to accept an after-hours filing as filed on the date it is made, the clerk shall date stamp the filing, and docket it as filed, on the next regular business day.

(2) Judges or justices may, for good cause shown, accept paper filings made after regular business hours, accept paper filings for other courts, or may make arrangements with a clerk for the clerk to accept a paper filing after regular business hours. In such a matter, the judge, justice or clerk shall note the judge's authorization on the pleading or document, along with the date and time of actual receipt. The receiving official shall promptly transmit the filing to the proper court, where the filing shall be docketed as filed on the date originally received by the judge, justice, or clerk. Judges or justices may discuss the need for such paper filings with the offering party or counsel, and such discussions are deemed not to be ex parte communications, or to require notice to opposing parties or counsel.

(h) Pleading Summary Sheets.

(1) Any pleading that sets forth a claim for relief, except those specified in subdivision (3) below, shall be filed with a properly completed and executed Summary Sheet which is available in blank form at the clerk's office and on the Judicial Branch website. Docket numbers of original Disclosure proceedings must be indicated on Summary Sheets initiating a second or subsequent request for disclosure. Family and probate matters must be filed using a Family and Probate Matters Summary Sheet, except as provided in subdivision (3) of this rule.

(2) Summary Sheets are required to be filed with Post-Judgment Motions in proceedings under Rule 120.

(3) Summary Sheets are not required in small claims or in mental health, forcible entry and detainer, or personal property recovery actions. Summary Sheets are also not required in the following actions when initiated by the Department of Health and Human Services: Uniform Interstate Family Support Act actions, child protection cases, administrative paternity proceedings, or special actions.

(i)Form of Documents.

(1)Size and Formatting. The text of all pleadings, motions, and original documents, except cover letters and transcripts, shall be typed double-spaced in at least 12-point type, except that footnotes and quotations shall appear single-spaced in 11-point type. The page size must be 8 1/2 x 11- inches, and paper filings may have text on only one side of each page. All pages shall be numbered. In addition to meeting the formatting requirements of this rule, documents must satisfy the requirements of Rule 34 of the Maine Rules of Electronic Court Systems if those Rules apply.

(2)Condensed Transcripts. Unless otherwise ordered by the court, a party serving or filing a condensed transcript shall serve or file a copy of the transcript with four 8 1/2 x 11-inch pages of normal type size reduced so that such pages may be reproduced on a single 8 1/2 x 11-inch page.

(3)Endorsement for Costs. In any case where an endorsement for costs is required, the name of an attorney of this State appearing on the complaint filed with the court, shall constitute such an endorsement in absence of any words used in connection therewith showing a different purpose.

(j)Fax Filings.

(1) Fax Filings. Facsimile documents are not acceptable substitutes for signed original documents required by M.R. Civ. P. 11 and will not be accepted as filings. Except as otherwise provided in this Rule, documents transmitted by facsimile may not be retained in a case file or docketed by a clerk. If an attempt is made to file pleadings or other documents by facsimile, the clerk shall dispose of the documents, and shall attempt to transmit a form notice of disposal back to the sender.

(2) In a proceeding under the Uniform Interstate Family Support Act, documentary evidence or orders from another court or tribunal may be received from another state by facsimile, and may be filed and docketed by a clerk.

(3) Judges may accept correspondence or other communications which are transmitted by fax for informational purposes but any such documents accepted by a judge under this subdivision will not ordinarily be retained in any case file.

(k) Methods of Filing.

(1) ''Paper filing'' means filing a paper document in a clerk's office. When paper filing is required, no filing by electronic means is permitted without express authorization in an administrative order or other court order.

(2) The term "electronic filing" means electronic transmission of a document in electronic form to the court through the electronic filing system. When using the court's electronic filing system, the filing party must comply with the requirements of the Maine Rules of Electronic Court Systems unless the court provides otherwise through an administrative order.

Me. R. Civ. P. 5

Amended July 12, 2012, effective 9/1/2012; amended June 27, 2018, effective 7/1/2018; amended September 22, 2022, effective 10/11/2022; amended November 3, 2023, effective 11/15/2023.

Advisory Note - November 2023

The title of Rule 5 is amended to indicate that it governs the form of pleadings and to refer to documents instead of papers in light of the Maine Rules of Electronic Court Systems.

Subdivision (a) is amended to refer to documents instead of papers in light of the Maine Rules of Electronic Court Systems.

Subdivision (b) is amended, in light of the Maine Rules of Electronic Court Systems, to clarify that "Electronic Service" is defined only for purpose of Rule 5. A change in formatting has also been incorporated.

Subdivisions (d) through (g) are amended in light of the Maine Rules of Electronic Court Systems, and to resolve an inconsistency between subdivisions (a) and (d) with regard to the timing of filing and service.

Subdivision (h) is amended to incorporate clarifying language, to indicate that the Summary Sheet is available on the Judicial Branch website, and to specify that family and probate matters cases require the Family and Probate Matters Summary Sheet.

Subdivision (i) is amended to refer to documents instead of papers in light of the Maine Rules of Electronic Court Systems, to incorporate formatting requirements formerly located in Rule 7(f), to add a reference to the Maine Rules of Electronic Court Systems, and to update a two-sided document requirement in light of the Maine Rules of Electronic Court Systems.

The language of subdivision (k) is replaced. It describes the methods of filing. New subdivision (k)(1) defines "paper filing." It allows for filing by electronic means in courts that ordinarily accept only paper filing if an administrative order or other court order authorizes that method of filing. New subdivision (k)(2) provides that "electronic filing" refers to filing using the court's electronic filing system, and the filing party must comply with the requirements of the Maine Rules of Electronic Court Systems unless the court provides otherwise through an administrative order.

Advisory Note - October 2022

Subdivision (a) is amended to insert subdivision number (1) and incorporate a new subdivision (2), which references the requirements of Rule 55(f).

Advisory Note - July 2018

Rule 5(a) has been amended to specify that service must be made "no later than the date on which the paper is filed with the court."

The Court has amended Rule 5(b), together with simultaneous amendments to Rules 3, 4, 11, and 101 of the Maine Rules of Civil Procedure, to:

* require parties who are represented by attorneys to serve pleadings and other papers electronically upon one another or by delivering copies pursuant to Rule 5(b)(1) following service of the summons and complaint under Rule 4;

* permit unrepresented parties to opt in to Electronic Service if they have the technology to participate; and

* provide notice to unrepresented parties of the option to participate in Electronic Service within the summons and complaint package by amending language in the summons form and by requiring service, together with the summons and complaint, of the notice regarding Electronic Service.

The requirements and procedures of Electronic Service pertain only to the service of pleadings and documents by each party upon the other parties in a court action. Electronic Service does not alter, affect or in any way relate to a party's filing requirements with any court or clerk's office.

The amendment to Rule 5(b) describes the procedures for complying with the requirements of Electronic Service. This amendment requires attorneys who practice in Maine courts to employ technologies necessary to accomplish Electronic Service.

The amendment defines "Electronic Service" for pleadings and documents, and specifically excludes from its requirements voluminous summary judgment records, documents produced pursuant to Rules 33 and 34, and the record of proceedings filed pursuant to Rules 80B and 80C. The Rule also clarifies that Electronic Service is complete when transmitted, that it is presumed to have been received by the intended recipient, and that pleadings and documents transmitted by Electronic Service shall have the same legal effect as service of an original paper document.

The Rule also provides that if an email is undeliverable or otherwise cannot be successfully delivered, service of a paper copy of the pleading or document must then be made by regular mail. Service shall be deemed complete (1) upon the attempted Electronic Service for the purposes of the sender meeting any time period and (2) upon mailing for the purposes of starting any time period.

All documents served electronically shall be scanned copies of the original signed papers.

Advisory Note - July 2012

Rule 5(i) addresses the service and filing of papers in civil proceedings. This amendment mandates the use of condensed transcripts copied on on both sides of the page unless otherwise ordered by the court.

Advisory Note - November 2011

This is a technical amendment to Rule 5(h) to replace the reference to former Rule 80(k) addressing post judgment motions in family matters with the reference to Rule 120, the current rule addressing such post judgment motions.

Advisory Notes - 2004

Pursuant to M.R. Civ. P. 5(f), documents filed at clerks' offices and not signed or otherwise accompanied by the requisite fee or some legally required element are sent back without a copy being retained and without being docketed. As a result, there is no accurate record of what was filed or when it was filed, but only a copy of the notice of returning the document with the date of the return notice. When it turns out a document may have been improperly sent back, or a minor inadvertence could have been corrected, there is now way to recreate what was filed and when it was filed. As a result, important rights may be lost if the documents were time sensitive due to statutes of limitations or filing deadlines.

The problem has escalated recently, particularly in domestic relations cases, due toconfusion in clerks' offices as to what filings do or do not require fees under the Court Fees Schedule adopted in August, 2003. For example, motions to amend child support do not require fees, motions to amend other parental rights do require fees.

The amendment addresses this problem by having the clerk retain a copy of the document attempted to be filed so that some reflection of timing of the filing is preserved and some recourse is possible in case of an error in rejecting a document.

Advisory Notes - 2004

In light of current discussions of electronic filing, M.R. Civ. P. 5(k) is added to clarify that, for the present time, electronic filing with the Maine courts is not permitted. Presently, the trial courts lack the capacity to receive, record or retain electronically filed documents.

Advisory Committee's Notes - July 1, 2001

[Rule 5(b) Amendment]

The Court has amended the Maine Bar Rules and Rules 5, 11 and 89 of the Maine Rules of Civil Procedure to permit attorneys to assist an otherwise unrepresented litigant on a limited basis without undertaking the full representation of the client on all issues related to the legal matter for which the attorney is engaged. By these amendments, the Court has sought to enlarge access to justice in Maine courts.

The amendment to Rule 5(b) makes clear that where an attorney has filed a limited appearance under amended Rule 11(b), service of papers upon the attorney is not required. Service is sufficient if made upon the party, despite the limited representation. The purpose of the amendment is to avoid confusion by establishing the identity of the person to be served throughout the case. The amendment places the burden upon the otherwise unrepresented litigant and the attorney filing the limited appearance to ensure that have made arrangements for served papers to be processed in a timely fashion. At the same time, two observations are appropriate. First, the amendment applies only in cases in which the limited appearance has been filed under Rule 11(b); in all other cases, the first sentence of Rule 5(b) requires service on the attorney, not the represented party. Second, even in cases in which service upon the party is permitted, the amendment is not intended to discourage the tradition of courtesy among the Maine Bar by sending to the attorney copies of served papers.

[Rule 5(d) Amendment]

M.R. Civ. P. 83(3) provides that a reference to an attorney includes the party represented by the attorney, and a reference to a party includes the party's attorney. However, change in Rule 5 is recommended to specify that it covers parties, which include attorneys, to avoid potential for confusion by individuals representing themselves who may believe that, because of the Rule 5(d) references to "attorney," unrepresented parties may have a lesser obligation with regard to service on other parties. The rule change clarifies the point and makes clear that parties representing themselves have the same obligation as represented parties to serve documents filed with the court on all other parties and be subject to the obligations of Rule 11 in such filings.

Advisory Committee's Notes - May 1, 2000

Rule 5(e), (f), and (g) are significantly amended, principally to accommodate the MEJIS changes directed by the November 27, 1996, September 19, 1997, May 1, 1998 and July 31, 1998 Administrative Orders.

Subdivision (h) is entirely new and references pleading summary sheets. It is taken, with modification, from the Administrative Orders and includes provisions which the Administrative Orders indicated should be included in Rules 8 and 10. The provisions indicated for Rules 8 or 10 are moved to this new Rule 5(h) so that pleading summary sheets are addressed only in one rule which addresses filing of papers, which appears to be the most appropriate place for the discussion.

The changes in subdivisions (f) and (g) are likewise intended to incorporate the MEJIS changes with language closely following those changes.

Subdivision (i) conforms to recent rules amendments to Rule 7(f) requiring materials to be filed, typed double spaced or printed on 8 1/2 x 11 paper. Additionally, the rule would require that text appear on only one side of each page.

Subdivision (g) addresses after hours and out of venue filing requirements from the Administrative Order of September 19, 1997.

Subdivision (j) is added to incorporate the substance of the FAX filing Administrative Order of November 22, 1996.

Advisory Committee's Notes - 1995

Rule 5(f) [now (i)(2)] is amended to permit the filing of miniaturized transcripts containing up to four 8 1/2 x 11 inch pages reduced to fit on a single 8 1/2 x 11-inch page. Such "travel transcripts" are commonly used by lawyers for their own purposes. They involve significant savings in cost and bulk. Allowing miniaturized transcripts to be filed in court will both eliminate the need to obtain a full-sized transcript for that purpose and ease the filing burden for the clerks' offices. The final clause assures that reporters will not be forced to obtain the equipment necessary to produce the miniaturized transcripts. Simultaneous amendments of Rules 26(f) and 74(b) make clear that such transcripts may be used both for depositions that are to be served or filed and for the transcript on appeal.

Advisory Committee's Notes - 1985

Rule 5(d) is amended simultaneously with the addition of Rule 26(f) to make the requirement of filing all papers with the court subject to the provisions of the latter rule, which will eliminate the requirement of filing for discovery materials.

Annotations:

Rule 5(f): Persson v. Dept. of Human Servs., 2001 ME 124, 12-16.