Rule 5.804 - Exceptions to the rule against hearsay-when the declarant is unavailable as a witnessa.Criteria for being unavailable. A declarant is considered to be unavailable as a witness if the declarant:(1) Is exempted from testifying about the subject matter of the declarant's statement because the court rules that a privilege applies;(2) Refuses to testify about the subject matter despite a court order to do so;(3) Testifies to not remembering the subject matter;(4) Cannot be present or testify at the trial or hearing because of death or a then-existing infirmity, physical illness, or mental illness; or(5) Is absent from the trial or hearing and the statement's proponent has not been able, by process or other reasonable means, to procure the declarant's attendance. But rule 5.804(a) does not apply if the statement's proponent procured or wrongfully caused the declarant's unavailability as a witness in order to prevent the declarant from attending or testifying.
b.The exceptions. The following are not excluded by the rule against hearsay if the declarant is unavailable as a witness:(1)Former testimony. Testimony that:(A) Was given as a witness at a trial, hearing, or lawful deposition, whether given during the current proceeding or a different one; and (B) Is now offered against a party who had-or, in a civil case, whose predecessor in interest had-an opportunity and similar motive to develop it by direct, cross-, or redirect examination.(2)Statement under the belief of imminent death. A statement that the declarant, while believing the declarant's death to be imminent, made about its cause or circumstances.(3)Statement against interest. A statement that:(A) A reasonable person in the declarant's position would have made only if the person believed it to be true because, when made, it was so contrary to the declarant's proprietary or pecuniary interest or had so great a tendency to invalidate the declarant's claim against someone else or to expose the declarant to civil or criminal liability; and (B) Is supported by corroborating circumstances that clearly indicate its trustworthiness, if it is offered in a criminal case as one that tends to expose the declarant to criminal liability.(4)Statement of personal or family history. A statement about:(A) The declarant's own birth, adoption, legitimacy, ancestry, marriage, divorce, relationship by blood, adoption, or marriage, or similar facts of personal or family history, even though the declarant had no way of acquiring personal knowledge about that fact; or(B) Another person concerning any of these facts, as well as death, if the declarant was related to the person by blood, adoption, or marriage, or was so intimately associated with the person's family that the declarant's information is likely to be accurate.(5) [Transferred to rule 5.807.](6) Statement offered against a party that wrongfully caused the declarant's unavailability. A statement offered against a party that wrongfully caused-or acquiesced in wrongfully causing-the declarant's unavailability as a witness, and did so intending that result.Report 1983; November 9, 2001, effective February 15, 2002; April 2, 2009, effective June 1, 2009; amended September 28, 2016, effective 1/1/2017; amended September 14, 2022, effective 1/1/2023.