In this chapter:
(1g) "Air gap" means the unobstructed vertical distance through the free atmosphere between the lowest opening from any pipe or faucet supplying water to a tank or plumbing fixture and the flood level rim or spill level of the receptacle.(1r) "ANSI" means the American National Standards Institute. Note: The ANSI address is 25 West 43 rd St, New York, NY 10036.
(2) "API" means the American Petroleum Institute. Note: The API address is 1220 L Street NW, Washington DC 20005-4070.
(3) "Approval" means the written approval of the department for any project requiring approval pursuant to s. 281.41, Stats., and s. NR 108.03 for community systems.(4) "Aquifer storage recovery" or "ASR" means placement of treated drinking water underground through a well for the purpose of storing and later recovering the water through the same well for potable use. Note: Underground placement of water for the purpose of restoring an aquifer is not included in the definition of "aquifer storage recovery" or "ASR."
(5) "ASR system" means all of the ASR wells, ASR monitoring wells and related appurtenances within a municipal water system and any interconnected public water system served by the municipal water system.(6) "ASTM" or "ASTM International" means the organization formerly knows as the American Society for Testing and Material. Note: The ASTM or ASTM International address is 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 19148-2959.
(7) "AWWA" means the American Water Works Association. Note: The AWWA address is 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, Colorado 80235.
(8) "Blackwater" means wastewater contaminated by human body waste, toilet paper and any other material intended to be deposited in a receptor designed to receive urine or feces.(9) "Building" means a structure for support, shelter, or enclosure of persons or property.(10) "Building drain" means horizontal piping within or under a building, installed below the lowest fixture or the lowest floor level from which fixtures can drain by gravity to the building sewer.(11) "Building drain, storm" means a building drain which conveys storm water, clear water, or both.(12) "Building sewer" means that part of the drain system not within or under a building which conveys its discharge to a public sewer, private interceptor main sewer, private onsite wastewater treatment system or other point of discharge or dispersal.(13) "Building sewer, sanitary" means a building sewer which conveys wastewater consisting in part of domestic wastewater.(14) "Building sewer, storm" means a building sewer which conveys storm water, clear water, or both.(15) "Chlorine Institute" means the Chlorine Institute, Inc.(16) "Community water system" means a public water system which serves at least 15 service connections used by year-round residents or regularly serves at least 25 year-round residents. Any water system serving 7 or more single family homes, 10 or more mobile homes, 10 or more apartment units, 10 or more duplex living units or 10 or more condominium units shall be considered a community water system unless information is provided by the owner indicating that 25 year-round residents will not be served.(17) "Cross connection" means a connection or potential connection between any part of a water supply system and another environment containing substances in a manner that, under any circumstances, would allow the substances to enter the water supply system by means of back siphonage or back pressure.(18) "CT" or "CT calc" is the product of the "residual disinfectant concentration" (C) in mg/l determined before or at the first customer, and the corresponding "disinfectant contact time" (T) in minutes, i.e., "C" x "T". If a public water system applies disinfectants at more than one point prior to the first customer, the public water system owner or operator shall determine the CT of each disinfectant sequence before or at the first customer, to determine the total percent inactivation or "total inactivation ratio." The inactivation ratio for a single disinfectant sequence is: See Image
where "CT table" is the CT value required for the target organism and the target level of inactivation. The sum of the inactivation ratios, or total inactivation ratio for a series of disinfection sequences is:
See Image
and is calculated by adding together the inactivation ratio for each disinfection sequence. In determining the total inactivation ratio, the public water system owner or operator shall determine the residual disinfectant concentration of each sequence and corresponding contact time before any subsequent disinfection application points. A total inactivation ratio equal to or greater than 1.0 is assumed to provide the target level of disinfection of the target organism.
(19) "Department" means the department of natural resources.(19m) "Dimension ratio" means the specified outside diameter of the pipe divided by the specified minimum wall thickness.(20) "Disinfectant contact time" ("T" in CT calculations) means the time in minutes that it takes for water to move from the point of disinfectant application or the previous point of disinfectant residual measurement to a point before or at the point where residual disinfectant concentration ("C") is measured. Where only one "C" is measured, "T" is the time in minutes that it takes for water to move from the point of disinfectant application to a point before or where residual disinfectant concentration ("C") is measured. Where more than one "C" is measured, "T" is determined as follows:(a) For the first measurement of "C", the time in minutes that it takes for water to move from the first or only point of disinfectant application to a point before or at the point where the first "C" is measured.(b) For subsequent measurements of "C", the time in minutes that it takes for water to move from the previous "C" measurement point to the "C" measurement point for which the particular "T" is being calculated. Disinfectant contact time in pipelines shall be calculated based on "plug flow" by dividing the internal volume of the pipe by the maximum hourly flow rate through the pipe. Disinfectant contact time within mixing basins and storage reservoirs shall be determined by tracer studies or other department approved equivalent demonstration.(21) "Disinfection profile" means a summary of daily Giardia lamblia inactivation through the treatment plant. The procedure for developing a disinfection profile is contained in s. NR 810.34.(22) "Displacement zone" means the 3-dimensional subsurface region surrounding an aquifer storage recovery well into which treated drinking water is placed for storage and later recovery.(23) "Distribution system" means all pipes or conduits by which water is delivered to consumers except piping and fixtures inside buildings served, water services and private water mains as defined in ch. SPS 381.(24) "Drillhole" means any of the following: (a) Any hole that is bored, drilled or driven.(b) Any dug hole that is deeper than it is wide.(c) Any excavation, shaft or other opening similar to a hole described in par. (a) or (b).(25) "Dry land access" means a vehicular access route which is above the regional flood elevation and which connects land located in the floodplain to land outside the floodplain.(26) "Energy efficient" means that the proposed improvement will consume the minimum amount of energy to meet operational performance requirements throughout the life of the facility or system.(27) "Entry point" means a location in the water system after treatment or chemical addition, if any, but prior to the distribution system. A sample collected in the distribution system may be considered an entry point sample if the department has determined it is more representative of the water sources.(28) "Filtration" means a process for removing particulate matter from water by passage through porous media.(29) "Flocculation" means a process to enhance agglomeration or collection of smaller floc particles into larger, more easily settleable or filterable particles through gentle stirring by hydraulic or mechanical means.(29m) "Frazil ice" means ice formed in supercooled water as small particles moving turbulently enough to prevent the formation of a sheet of ice.(30) "French drain" means a buried dry well or sump that receives building domestic or floor drain wastewater or both.(31) "Graywater" means wastewater contaminated by waste materials, exclusive of urine, feces or industrial waste, deposited into plumbing drain systems.(32) "Groundwater" means any of the waters of the state, as defined in s. 281.01 (18), Stats., occurring in a saturated subsurface geological formation of rock or soil.(33) "Groundwater source" means a source of groundwater obtained from horizontal collectors, infiltration lines, springs, and dug, drilled or other types of wells.(34) "Groundwater under the direct influence of surface water" (GWUDI) means any water beneath the surface of the ground with either of the following:(a) Occurrence of insects or other macroorganisms, algae or large diameter pathogens such as Giardia lamblia or Cryptosporidium, in greater than or equal to 10% of representative source water samples collected over a period of 6 months, immediately prior to the first or only point of disinfectant application.(b) Evidence of relatively rapid shifts in water characteristics such as turbidity, temperature, conductivity, or pH which closely correlate to climatological or surface water conditions where the department determines that these shifts are indications of the potential for contamination of the groundwater by the organisms identified in par. (a).(35) "Hydrofracturing" means hydraulic fracturing of an aquifer by injecting potable chlorinated water into a bedrock formation well under pressures great enough to open the bedrock along bedding planes, joints and fractures.(36) "Impulse generation" or "gas bursting" means the directed quick release of compressed gases and other impulse generation techniques used to develop or rehabilitate drillholes, well screens and gravel pack.(37) "Infiltration component" means any device or method that is intended to promote the assimilation of water into in situ soil.(37d) "Intake structure" means a structure located at the end of a surface water intake intended to collect and divert raw water from a surface water source into a raw water transmission pipe or channel for the purpose of a surface water supply. An intake structure may include provisions for exclusion of debris from the intake pipe.(37h) "Interconnection" means the connection between 2 public water systems that allows for the transfer of water between each system.(37p) "Jar test" means a laboratory procedure that simulates a water treatment plant's coagulation or flocculation units with different chemical doses and energy of rapid mix, energy of slow mix, and settling time.(37t) "Landfill" means a solid waste facility for solid waste disposal.(38) "Living unit" means a residence, apartment unit, condominium unit, duplex unit, manufactured home, or other domicile.(38m) "Maximum contaminant level" means the maximum permissible level of a contaminant in water that is delivered to any user of a public water system.(39) "Membrane filtration" means a pressure or vacuum driven separation process in which particulate matter larger than 1 micrometer is rejected by an engineered barrier, primarily through a size-exclusion mechanism, and which has a measurable removal efficiency of a target organism that can be verified through the application of a direct integrity test. It includes the common membrane technologies of microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis.(40) "Monitoring well" means a well or drillhole constructed for the purpose of obtaining information on the physical, chemical, radiological or biological characteristics of the groundwater.(41) "Municipal water system" means a community water system owned by a city, village, county, town, town sanitary district, utility district, public inland lake and rehabilitation district, municipal water district or a federal, state, county or municipal owned institution for congregate care or correction, or a privately owned water utility serving the foregoing.(42) "Nephelometric turbidity units" or "NTUs" means the units used to describe turbidity. Nephelometric refers to the way the instrument, a nephelometer, measures how much light is scattered by suspended particles in the water.(43) "Non-community water system" means a public water system that is not a community water system. A non-community water system may be either a non-transient non-community water system or a transient non-community water system.(44) "NSF or NSF International" means the organization formerly known as the National Sanitation Foundation. Note: The NSF or NSF International address is PO Box 130140, 789 N. Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48113-0140.
(45) "Other-than-municipal (OTM) water system" means a community water system that is not a municipal water system.(46) "Owner" means any person who owns or operates a public water system.(46m) "Packer" means a solid or inflatable seal lowered into a well or drillhole or attached to a casing string to seal off a specific interval within the well or drillhole.(47) "Peak demand" means the maximum water demand in gallons per minute at any given time. The peak demand is sometimes estimated to be 2.0 times the total maximum day water use in gallons averaged over 1,440 minutes/day or the peak hour demand in gallons per minute on the maximum day of use.(48) "Person" means an individual, corporation, company, association, cooperative, trust, institution, partnership, state, municipality or federal agency.(49) "POWTS" means a private onsite wastewater treatment system.(50) "POWTS component" means any subsystem, subassembly or other system designed for use in or as part of a private onsite wastewater treatment system which may include treatment, dispersal or holding, and related piping.(51) "POWTS dispersal component" means a device or method that is intended to promote the assimilation of treated wastewater by the environment.(52) "POWTS holding component" means any receptacle intended to collect wastewater for a period of time, including holding and dosing tanks.(53) "POWTS treatment component" means a device or method that is intended to reduce the contaminant load of wastewater.(54) "Professional engineer" or "PE" means an individual licensed as a professional engineer by the Wisconsin Department of safety and professional services.(55) "Protective casing" means the well casing providing the primary sanitary protection and that is grouted in place to a department approved depth.(56) "Public water system" or "system" or "PWS" means a system for the provision to the public of piped water for human consumption through pipes or other constructed conveyances, if the system has at least 15 service connections or regularly serves an average of at least 25 individuals daily at least 60 days out of the year. A public water system is either a "community water system" or a "non-community water system." A system: (a) Includes any collection, treatment, storage and distribution facilities under control of the operator of the system and used primarily in connection with the system.(b) Includes any collection or pretreatment storage facilities not under the system's control which are used primarily in connection with the system. Note: The definition of public water system as regulated by this chapter is broader and includes more water systems than those governed by the public service commission under its definition of a public utility in ch. 196, Stats.
(57) "Pump installer" or "licensed pump installer" has the same meaning as "licensed pump installer," given in s. 280.01 (2e), Stats. Note: The statutory definition of "licensed pump installer" is any individual who has paid the annual license fee under s. 280.15 (2m) (c) 2, Stats., and obtained a license under s. 280.15 (2m), Stats., as a pump installer.
(58) "Pump installing" has the meaning given in s. 280.01 (5), Stats.(59) "Recharge area" means the total land area contributing water to a well.(60) "Regional flood" means a flood determined to be representative of large floods known to have occurred in Wisconsin or which may be expected to occur on a particular lake, river or stream once in every 100 years.(61) "Residual disinfectant concentration" ("C" in CT calculations) means the concentration of disinfectant measured in mg/l in a representative sample of water.(62) "Reviewable project" has the meaning given in s. NR 108.02(13).(63) "SCADA" means Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition, a computer system used for gathering and analyzing real time data used to monitor and control water systems and their components.(63m) "Shore well" means a storage structure hydraulically connected to a surface water source designed for the diversion and collection of raw water.(64) "Spring" has the meaning given in s. 281.34 (1) (f), Stats. Note: Section 281.34 (1) (f), Stats., defines "spring" to mean "an area of concentrated groundwater discharge occurring at the surface of the land that results in a flow of at least one cubic foot per second at least 80% of the time."
(64m) "Supernatant" means the liquid removed from settled sludge.(65) "Supplier of water" has the same meaning as "owner" given in sub. (44).(66) "Surface water" means all water which is open to the atmosphere and subject to surface runoff.(67) "Surface water systems" means public water systems using surface water or groundwater under the direct influence of surface water as a source and that are subject to the requirements of 40 CFR 141, subpart H, P, and W, which contains the national primary drinking water regulations.(68) "Treated drinking water" means potable water that has been subjected to treatment methods approved by the department to comply with the primary drinking water standards contained in ch. NR 809 and which is obtained directly from a municipal water system via piping from the municipal water distribution system to the point of underground injection.(69) "Underground injection" means placement of any substance underground through a well, drillhole or water system.(70) "Utility" means a public utility as defined in ch. 196, Stats.(71) "UV" means ultraviolet light.(72) "Variable output control device" means a physical or electronic device such as a control valve, variable speed drive unit, variable frequency drive unit or similar device to be used to control the gallon per minute pump discharge rate and/or distribution system pressure.(73) "Virus" means a virus of fecal origin which is infectious to humans by waterborne transmission.(74) "Waterworks" or "water system" means all facilities, structures, pipes, conduits and appurtenances by means of which water is delivered to consumers except piping and fixtures inside buildings served, water services and private water mains as defined in ch. SPS 381.(75) "Well" has the meaning given in s. 281.34 (1) (h), Stats. Note: Section 281.34 (1) (h), Stats., defines "well" to mean "any drillhole or other excavation or opening deeper than it is wide that extends more than 10 feet below the ground surface and is constructed for the purpose of obtaining groundwater."
(76) "Well driller" or "licensed well driller" has the same meaning as "licensed well driller," given in s. 280.01 (2m), Stats. Note: The statutory definition of "licensed well driller" is any individual who has paid the annual license fee under s. 280.15 (2m) (c) 1, Stats., and obtained a license under s. 280.15 (2m), Stats., as a well driller.
(77) "Well drilling" has the meaning given in s. 280.01 (8), Stats.(78) "WPDES permit" means the Wisconsin pollutant discharge elimination system permit issued by the department under ch. 283, Stats., for the discharge of pollutants.(79) "Year-round resident" means a resident who resides in the same living unit for 6 months per year or more.(80) "Zone of influence" means the area of the cone of groundwater depression formed when the well pump is operating.Wis. Admin. Code Department of Natural Resources NR 811.02
CR 09-073: cr. Register November 2010 No. 659, eff. 12-1-10; correction in (23), (74) made under s. 13.92(4) (b) 7, Stats., Register December 2011 No. 672; correction in (54) made under s. 13.92(4) (b) 6, Stats., Register February 2012 No. 674.Amended by, CR 22-074: renum. (1) to (1r), cr. (1g), (19m), (29m), (37d), (37h), (37p), (37t), (38m), (46m), (63m), (64m) Register January 2024 No. 817, eff. 2/1/2024