Wis. Admin. Code Department of Natural Resources NR 440.56

Current through October 28, 2024

Section NR 440.56 - Graphic arts industry: publication rotogravure printing

(1) APPLICABILITY AND DESIGNATION OF AFFECTED FACILITY.

(a) Except as provided in par. (b), the affected facility to which the provisions of this section apply is each publication rotogravure printing press.

(b) The provisions of this section do not apply to proof presses.

(c) Any facility under par. (a) that commences construction, modification or reconstruction after October 28, 1980 is subject to the requirements of this section.

(2) DEFINITIONS AND SYMBOLS.

(a) As used in this section, terms not defined in this paragraph have the meanings given in s. NR 440.02.

1. "Automatic temperature compensator" means a device that continuously senses the temperature of fluid flowing through a metering device and automatically adjusts the registration of the measured volume to the corrected equivalent volume at a base temperature.

2. "Base temperature" means an arbitrary reference temperature for determining liquid densities or adjusting the measured volume of a liquid quantity.

3. "Density" means the mass of a unit volume of liquid, expressed as grams per cubic centimeter, kilograms per liter or pounds per gallon, at a specified temperature.

4. "Gravure cylinder" means a printing cylinder with an intaglio image consisting of minute cells or indentations specially engraved or etched into the cylinder's surface to hold ink when continuously revolved through a fountain of ink.

5. "Performance averaging period" means 30 calendar days, one calendar month or 4 consecutive weeks as specified in subsections of this section.

6. "Proof press" means any device used only to check the quality of the image formation of newly engraved or etched gravure cylinders and which prints only nonsaleable items.

7. "Publication rotogravure printing press" means any number of rotogravure printing units capable of printing simultaneously on the same continuous web or substrate and includes any associated device for continuously cutting and folding the printed web, where the following saleable paper products are printed: catalogues, including mail order and premium; direct mail advertisements, including circulars, letters, pamphlets, cards and printed envelopes; display advertisements, including general posters, outdoor advertisements, car cards, window posters, counter and floor displays, point-of-purchase and other printed display material; magazines; miscellaneous advertisements, including brochures, pamphlets, catalogue sheets, circular folders, announcements, package inserts, book jackets, market circulars, magazine inserts and shopping news; newspapers, magazine and comic supplements for newspapers, and preprinted newspaper inserts, including hi-fi and spectacolor rolls and sections; periodicals; and telephone and other directories, including business reference services.

8. "Raw ink" means all purchased ink.

9. "Related coatings" means all non-ink purchased liquids and liquid-solid mixtures containing VOC solvent, usually referred to as extenders or varnishes, that are used at publication rotogravure printing presses.

10. "Rotogravure printing unit" means any device designed to print one color ink on one side of a continuous web or substrate using a gravure cylinder.

11. "Solventborne ink systems" means ink and related coating mixtures whose volatile portion consists essentially of VOC solvent with not more than 5 weight percent water, as applied to the gravure cylinder.

12. "Solvent recovery system" means an air pollution control system by which VOC solvent vapors in air or other gases are captured and directed through one or more condensers or a vessel containing beds of activated carbon or other adsorbents. For the condensation method, the solvent is recovered directly from the condenser. For the adsorption method, the vapors are adsorbed, then desorbed by steam or other media, and finally condensed and recovered.

13. "VOC" means volatile organic compound.

14. "VOC solvent" means an organic liquid or liquid mixture consisting of VOC components.

15. "Waterborne ink systems" means ink and related coating mixtures whose volatile portion consists of a mixture of VOC solvent and more than 5 weight percent water, as applied to the gravure cylinder.

(b) Symbols used in this section are defined as follows:

1. DB is the density at the base temperature of VOC solvent used or recovered during one performance averaging period.

2. Dci is the density of each color of raw ink and each related coating (i) used at the subject facility, at the coating temperature when the volume of coating used is measured.

3. Ddi is the density of each VOC solvent (i) added to the ink for dilution at the subject facility, at the solvent temperature when the volume of solvent used is measured.

4. Dgi is the density of each VOC solvent (i) used as a cleaning agent at the subject facility, at the solvent temperature when the volume of cleaning solvent used is measured.

5. Dhi is the density of each quantity of water (i) added at the subject facility, for dilution of waterborne ink systems at the water temperature when the volume of dilution water used is measured.

6. Dmi is the density of each quantity of VOC solvent and miscellaneous solventborne waste inks and waste VOC solvents (i) recovered from the subject facility, at the solvent temperature when the volume of solvent recovered is measured.

7. Doi is the density of the VOC solvent contained in each raw ink and related coating (i) used at the subject facility, at the coating temperature when the volume of coating used is measured.

8. Dwi is the density of the water contained in each waterborne raw ink and related coating (i) used at the subject facility, at the coating temperature when the volume of coating used is measured.

9. Lci is the measured liquid volume of each color of raw ink and each related coating (i) used at the facility of a corresponding VOC content, Voi or Woi with a VOC density, Doi, and a coating density, Dci.

10. Ldi is the measured liquid volume of each VOC solvent (i) with corresponding density, Ddi, added to dilute the ink used at the subject facility.

10m. Lgi is the measured liquid volume of each VOC solvent (i) with corresponding density, Dgi, used as a cleaning agent at the subject facility.

11. Mci is the mass, determined by direct weighing, of each color of raw ink and each related coating (i) used at the subject facility.

12. Md is the mass, determined by direct weighing, of VOC solvent added to dilute the ink used at the subject facility during one performance averaging period.

13. Mg is the mass, determined by direct weighing, of VOC solvent used as a cleaning agent at the subject facility during one performance averaging period.

14. Mh is the mass, determined by direct weighing, or water added for dilution with waterborne ink systems used at the subject facility during one performance averaging period.

15. Mm is the mass, determined by direct weighing, of VOC solventborne waste inks and waste VOC solvents recovered from the subject facility during one performance averaging period.

16. Mo is the total mass of VOC solvent contained in the raw inks and related coatings used at the subject facility during one performance averaging period.

17. Mr is the total mass of VOC solvent recovered from the subject facility during one performance averaging period.

18. Mt is the total mass of VOC solvent used at the subject facility during one performance averaging period.

19. Mv is the total mass of water used with waterborne ink systems at the subject facility during one performance averaging period.

20. Mw is the total mass of water contained in the waterborne raw inks and related coatings used at the subject facility during one performance averaging period.

21. P is the average VOC emission percentage for the subject facility for one performance averaging period.

22. Voi is the liquid VOC content, expressed as a volume fraction of VOC volume per total volume of coating, of each color of raw ink and related coating (i) used at the subject facility.

23. Vwi is the water content, expressed as a volume fraction of water volume per total volume of coating, or each color of waterborne raw ink and related coating (i) used at the subject facility.

24. Woi is the VOC content, expressed as a weight fraction of mass of VOC per total mass of coating, or each color of raw ink and related coating (i) used at the subject facility.

25. Wwi is the water content, expressed as a weight fraction of mass of water per total mass of coating, of each color of waterborne raw ink and related coating (i) used at the subject facility.

(c) The following subscripts are used in this section with the symbols in par. (b) to denote the applicable facility:

1. a denotes affected facility.

2. b denotes both affected and existing facilities controlled in common by the same air pollution control equipment.

3. e denotes existing facility.

4. f denotes all affected and existing facilities located within the same plant boundary.

(3) STANDARD FOR VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. During the period of the performance test required to be conducted by s. NR 440.08 and after the date required for completion of the test, no owner or operator subject to the provisions of this section may cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from any affected facility VOC equal to more than 16% of the total mass of VOC solvent and water used at that facility during any one performance averaging period. The water used includes only that water contained in the waterborne raw inks and related coatings and the water added for dilution with waterborne ink systems.

(4) PERFORMANCE TEST AND COMPLIANCE PROVISIONS.

(a) The owner or operator of any affected facility shall conduct performance tests in accordance with s. NR 440.08 under the following conditions:

1. The performance averaging period for each test shall be 30 consecutive calendar days and not an average of 3 separate runs as prescribed under s. NR 440.08(6).

2. Except as provided under pars. (f) and (g), if affected facilities routinely share the same raw ink storage and handling system with existing facilities, then temporary measurement procedures for segregating the raw inks, related coatings, VOC solvent and water used at the affected facilities shall be employed during the test. For this case, an overall emission percentage for the combined facilities as well as for only the affected facilities shall be calculated during the test.

3. For the purpose of measuring bulk storage tank quantities of each color of raw ink and each related coating used, the owner or operator of any affected facility shall install, calibrate, maintain and continuously operate during the test one or more of the following:

a. Non-resettable totalizer metering devices for indicating the cumulative liquid volumes used at each affected facility; or

b. Segregated storage tanks for each affected facility to allow determination of the liquid quantities used by measuring devices other than the press meters required under subd. 3. a.; or

c. Storage tanks to serve more than one facility with the liquid quantities used determined by measuring devices other than press meters, if facilities are combined as described under par. (d), (f) or (g).

4. The owner or operator may choose to install an automatic temperature compensator with any liquid metering device used to measure the raw inks, related coatings, water, or VOC solvent used or VOC solvent recovered.

5. Records of the measured amounts used at the affected facility and the liquid temperature at which the amounts were measured shall be maintained for each shipment of all purchased material on at least a weekly basis for all of the following:

a. The raw inks and related coatings used.

b. The VOC and water content of each raw ink and related coating used as determined according to sub. (6).

c. The VOC solvent and water added to the inks used.

d. The VOC solvent used as a cleaning agent.

e. The VOC solvent recovered.

6. The density variations with temperature of the raw inks, related coatings, VOC solvents used, and VOC solvent recovered shall be determined by the methods stipulated in sub. (6) (d).

7. The calculated emission percentage may be reported as rounded-off to the nearest whole number.

8. Printing press startups and shutdowns may not be included in the exemption provisions under s. NR 440.08(3). Frequent periods of press startups and shutdowns are normal operations and constitute representative conditions for the purpose of a performance test.

(b) If an affected facility uses waterborne ink systems or a combination of waterborne and solventborne ink systems with a solvent recovery system, compliance shall be determined by the following procedures, except as provided in pars. (d) through (g):

1. The mass of VOC in the solventborne and waterborne raw inks and related coatings used shall be determined by the following equation: