Section NR 405.02 - Definitions The definitions contained in ch. NR 400 apply to the terms used in this chapter. In addition, the following definitions apply to the terms used in this chapter:
(1)"Actual emissions" means the actual rate of emissions of a regulated NSR air contaminant from an emissions unit, as determined in accordance with pars. (a) to (c), except that this definition does not apply for calculating whether a significant emissions increase has occurred, or for establishing a PAL under s. NR 405.18. Instead, subs. (2m) and (25f) shall apply for those purposes. (a) In general, actual emissions as of a particular date shall equal the average rate, in tons per year, at which the unit actually emitted the air contaminant during a consecutive 24-month period which precedes the particular date and which is representative of normal source operation. The department shall allow the use of a different time period upon a determination that it is more representative of normal source operation. Actual emissions shall be calculated using the unit's actual operating hours, production rates, and types of materials processed, stored, or combusted during the selected time period.(b) The department may presume that source-specific allowable emissions for the unit are equivalent to the actual emissions of the unit.(c) For any emissions unit that has not begun normal operations on the particular date, actual emissions shall equal the potential to emit of the unit on that date.(2)"Allowable emissions" means the emissions rate of a stationary source calculated using the maximum rated capacity of the source, unless the source is subject to federally enforceable limits which restrict the operating rate, or hours of operation, or both, and the most stringent of the following: (a) The applicable standards as set forth in chs. NR 440 and 445 to 449 and under sections 111 and 112 of the Act (42 USC 7411 and 7412).(b) The applicable emissions limitations, as set forth in chs. NR 400 to 499.(c) The emissions rate specified as a federally enforceable permit condition.(2m) "Baseline actual emissions" means the rate of emissions, in tons per year, of a regulated NSR air contaminant, as determined in accordance with pars. (a) to (d). (a) For any existing electric utility steam generating unit, baseline actual emissions means the average rate, in tons per year, at which the unit actually emitted the air contaminant during any consecutive 24-month period selected by the owner or operator within the 5-year period immediately preceding when the owner or operator begins actual construction of the project. The department shall allow the use of a different time period upon a determination that it is more representative of normal source operation.1. The average rate shall include fugitive emissions to the extent quantifiable, and emissions associated with startups, shutdowns and malfunctions.2. The average rate shall be adjusted downward to exclude any emissions in excess of an emission limitation that was legally enforceable during the consecutive 24-month period.3. For a regulated NSR air contaminant, when a project involves multiple emissions units, only one consecutive 24-month period may be used to determine the baseline actual emissions for the emissions units being changed. A different consecutive 24-month period may be used for each regulated NSR air contaminant.4. The average rate may not be based on any consecutive 24-month period for which there is inadequate information for determining annual emissions, in tons per year, or for adjusting this amount if required by subd. 2.(b) For an existing emissions unit, other than an electric utility steam generating unit, baseline actual emissions means the average rate, in tons per year, at which the emissions unit actually emitted the air contaminant during any consecutive 24-month period selected by the owner or operator within the 10-year period immediately preceding either the date the owner or operator begins actual construction of the project, or, the date a complete permit application is received by the department for a permit required under ch. NR 406 or for a permit revision under ch. NR 407, whichever is earlier, except that the 10-year period may not include any period earlier than November 15, 1990. 1. The average rate shall include fugitive emissions to the extent quantifiable, and emissions associated with startups, shutdowns and malfunctions.2. The average rate shall be adjusted downward to exclude any emissions in excess of an emission limitation that was legally enforceable during the consecutive 24-month period.3. The average rate shall be adjusted downward to exclude any emissions that would have exceeded an emission limitation with which the major stationary source must currently comply, had the major stationary source been required to comply with the limitation during the consecutive 24-month period. However, if an emission limitation is part of a maximum achievable control technology standard that the administrator proposed or promulgated under 40 CFR part 63, the baseline actual emissions need only be adjusted if the state has taken credit for the emissions reductions in an attainment demonstration or maintenance plan consistent with the requirements of s. NR 408.06(9).4. For a regulated NSR air contaminant, when a project involves multiple emissions units, only one consecutive 24-month period may be used to determine the baseline actual emissions for the emissions units being changed. A different consecutive 24-month period may be used for each regulated NSR air contaminant.5. The average rate may not be based on any consecutive 24-month period for which there is inadequate information for determining annual emissions, in tons per year, or for adjusting this amount if required by subds. 2. and 3.(c) For a new emissions unit, the baseline actual emissions for purposes of determining the emissions increase that will result from the initial construction and operation of the unit shall equal zero; and thereafter, for all other purposes, shall equal the unit's potential to emit.(d) For a PAL for a stationary source, the baseline actual emissions shall be calculated for existing electric utility steam generating units in accordance with the procedures contained in par. (a), for other existing emissions units in accordance with the procedures contained in par. (b), and for a new emissions unit, in accordance with the procedures contained in par. (c). (3)"Baseline area" means any intrastate area, and every part thereof, designated as attainment or unclassifiable under section 107 (d) (1) (A) (ii) or (iii) of the Act (42 USC 7407(d) (1) (A) (ii) or (iii)) in which the major source or major modification establishing the minor source baseline date would construct or would have an air quality impact for the pollutant for which the baseline date is established equal to or greater than 1 mg/m 3 (annual average) for SO2, NO2, or PM 10, or equal to or greater than 0.3mg/m 3 (annual average) for PM 2.5. Area redesignations under section 107 (d) (1) (A) (ii) or (iii) of the Act (42 USC 7407(d) (1) (A) (ii) or (iii)) cannot intersect or be smaller than the area of impact of any major stationary source or major modification which either establishes a minor source baseline date or is subject to this chapter.(4)(a) "Baseline concentration" means that ambient concentration level which exists in the baseline area at the time of the applicable minor source baseline date. A baseline concentration is determined for each air contaminant for which a minor source baseline date is established and shall include: 1. The actual emissions representative of sources in existence on the applicable minor source baseline date, except as provided in par. (b).2. The allowable emissions of major stationary sources which commenced construction before the major source baseline date, but were not in operation by the applicable minor source baseline date.(b) The following will not be included in the baseline concentration and will affect the applicable maximum allowable increases: 1. Actual emissions from any major stationary source on which construction commenced after the major source baseline date.2. Actual emissions increases and decreases at any stationary source occurring after the minor source baseline date.(6)"Begin actual construction" means, in general, initiation of physical on-site construction activities on an emissions unit which are of a permanent nature. Such activities include, but are not limited to, installation of building supports and foundations, laying of underground pipework and construction of permanent storage structures. With respect to a change in method of operation, this term refers to those on-site activities, other than preparatory activities, which mark the initiation of the change.(7)"Best available control technology" or "BACT" means an emissions limitation, including a visible emissions standard, based on the maximum degree of reduction for each air contaminant subject to regulation under the Act which would be emitted from any proposed major stationary source or major modification which the department, on a case-by-case basis, taking into account energy, environmental, and economic impacts, and other costs, determines is achievable for such source or modification through application of production processes or available methods, systems, and techniques, including clean fuels, fuel cleaning or treatment or innovative fuel combination techniques for control of the air contaminant. In no event may application of best available control technology result in emissions of any air contaminant which would exceed the emissions allowed by any applicable standard under chs. NR 440 and 445 to 449 and under sections 111 and 112 of the Act (42 USC 7411 and 7412). Emissions from any source utilizing clean fuels or any other means to comply with this subsection may not be allowed to increase above the levels that would have been required under this subsection as it existed prior to enactment of the 1990 clean air Act amendments on November 15, 1990. If the department determines that technological or economic limitations on the application of measurement methodology to a particular emissions unit would make the imposition of an emissions standard infeasible, a design, equipment, work practice, operational standard or combination thereof, may be prescribed instead to satisfy the requirement for the application of best available control technology. The standard shall, to the degree possible, set forth the emissions reduction achievable by implementation of such design, equipment, work practice or operation, and shall provide for compliance by means which achieve equivalent results.(8)"Building, structure, facility or installation" or "facility, building, structure, equipment, vehicle or action" means all of the activities which emit or may emit a regulated NSR air contaminant, belong to the same industrial grouping, are located on one or more contiguous or adjacent properties, and are under the control of the same person, or persons under common control, except the activities of any vessel. Regulated NSR air contaminant emitting activities shall be considered as part of the same industrial grouping if they are classified under the same 2-digit major group as described in the Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1987, incorporated by reference in s. NR 484.05.(8m)"Clean coal technology" means any technology, including technologies applied at the precombustion, combustion, or post combustion stage, at a new or existing facility which will achieve significant reductions in air emissions of sulfur dioxide or oxides of nitrogen associated with the utilization of coal in the generation of electricity, or process steam, which was not in widespread use as of November 15, 1990.(8s)"Clean coal technology demonstration project" means a project using funds appropriated under the heading `Department of Energy-Clean Coal Technology', up to a total amount of $2,500,000,000 for commercial demonstration of clean coal technology, or similar projects funded through appropriations for the U.S. environmental protection agency. The federal contribution for a qualifying project shall be at least 20% of the total cost of the demonstration project.(9)"Commence" as applied to construction of a major stationary source or major modification means that the owner or operator has all necessary preconstruction approvals or permits and has done one of the following: (a) Begun, or caused to begin, a continuous program of actual on-site construction of the source, to be completed within a reasonable time.(b) Entered into binding agreements or contractual obligations, which cannot be canceled or modified without substantial loss to the owner or operator, to undertake a program of actual construction of the source to be completed within a reasonable time.(10)"Complete" means, in reference to an application for a permit, that the application contains all the information necessary for processing the application. Designating an application complete for purposes of permit processing does not preclude the department from requesting or accepting any additional information.(11)"Construction" means any physical change or change in the method of operation, including fabrication, erection, installation, demolition, or modification of an emissions unit, which would result in a change in emissions.(11c)"Continuous emissions monitoring system" or "CEMS" means all of the equipment that may be required to meet the data acquisition and availability requirements of this chapter, to sample, condition if applicable, analyze and provide a record of emissions on a continuous basis.(11e)"Continuous emissions rate monitoring system" or "CERMS" means the total equipment required for the determination and recording of the air contaminant mass emissions rate in terms of mass per unit of time.(11j)"Continuous parameter monitoring system" or "CPMS" means all of the equipment necessary to meet the data acquisition and data availability requirements of this chapter to monitor process and control device operational parameters, and to record average operational parameter values on a continuous basis. Note: Process and control device operational parameters include secondary voltages and electric currents, and other information, such as gas flow rate, O2 or CO2 concentrations.
(11m)"Electric utility steam generating unit" means any steam electric generating unit that is constructed for the purpose of supplying more than one-third of its potential electric output capacity and more than 25 MW electrical output to any utility power distribution system for sale. Any steam supplied to a steam distribution system for the purpose of providing steam to a steam-electric generator that would produce electrical energy for sale is also considered in determining the electrical energy output capacity of the affected facility.(12)"Emissions unit" means any part of a stationary source which emits or would have the potential to emit any regulated NSR air contaminant and includes an electric utility steam generating unit. For purposes of this chapter, there are 2 types of emissions units described as follows: (a) A new emissions unit is any emissions unit which is or will be newly constructed and which has existed for less than 2 years from the date the emissions unit first operated.(b) An existing emissions unit is any emissions unit that does not meet the requirements in par. (a). Notwithstanding par. (a), a replacement unit, as defined in sub. (25k), is an existing emissions unit. (13)"Federal land manager" means, with respect to any lands in the United States, the secretary of the department with authority over such lands.(15)"Fugitive emissions" means those emissions which could not reasonably pass through a stack, chimney, vent, or other functionally equivalent opening.(16)"High terrain" means any area having an elevation 900 feet or more above the base of the stack of a source.(17)"Indian governing body" means the governing body of any tribe, band, or group of Indians subject to the jurisdiction of the United States and recognized by the United States as possessing power of self-government.(18)"Indian reservation" means any federally recognized reservation established by treaty, agreement, executive order, or act of congress.(19)"Innovative control technology" means any system of air pollution control that has not been adequately demonstrated in practice, but would have a substantial likelihood of achieving greater continuous emissions reduction than any control system in current practice or of achieving at least comparable reductions at lower cost in terms of energy, economics, or nonair quality environmental impacts.(20)"Low terrain" means any area other than high terrain.(20m)"Lowest achievable emission rate" or "LAER" has the meaning given in s. NR 408.02(19).(21)"Major modification" means any physical change in or change in the method of operation of a major stationary source that would result in a significant emissions increase of a regulated NSR air contaminant and a significant net emissions increase of that air contaminant from the major stationary source. (a) Any significant emissions increase from any emissions units or net emissions increase at a major stationary source that is significant for volatile organic compounds or nitrogen oxides shall be considered significant for ozone.(b) A physical change or change in the method of operation does not include any of the following: 1. Routine maintenance, repair and replacement.2. Use of an alternative fuel or raw material by reason of any order under sections 2 (a) and (b) of the Federal Energy Supply and Environmental Coordination Act of 1974 (15 USC 791 to 798) or by reason of a natural gas curtailment plan pursuant to the Federal Power Act (16 USC 791a to 828c).3. Use of an alternative fuel by reason of an order or rule under section 125 of the Act (42 USC 7425).4. Use of an alternative fuel at a steam generating unit to the extent that the fuel is generated from municipal solid waste.5. Use of an alternative fuel or raw material by a stationary source when one of the following applies: a. The source was capable of accommodating the alternative fuel or raw material before January 6, 1975, unless the change would be prohibited under any federally enforceable permit condition which was established after January 6, 1975 pursuant to this chapter or ch. NR 406 or 408 or under an operation permit issued pursuant to ch. NR 407, or pursuant to a permit issued under 40 CFR Part 51 Appendix S, 40 CFR 52.21, or regulations approved pursuant to 40 CFR Part 51 subpart I.b. The source is approved to use the alternative fuel or raw material under any permit issued under this chapter or ch. NR 406, 407, or 408, or pursuant to a permit issued under 40 CFR Part 51 Appendix S, 40 CFR 52.21, or regulations approved pursuant to 40 CFR Part 51 subpart I.6. An increase in the hours of operation or in the production rate, unless the change would be prohibited under any federally enforceable permit condition which was established after January 6, 1975 pursuant to this chapter, ch. NR 406, or 408 or under an operation permit issued pursuant to ch. NR 407, or pursuant to a permit issued under 40 CFR Part 51 Appendix S, 40 CFR Part 52.21, or regulations approved pursuant to 40 CFR Part 51 subpart I.7. Any change in ownership at a stationary source.8. The installation, operation, cessation of operation or removal of a temporary clean coal technology demonstration project, provided that the project complies with both of the following: a. The state implementation plan.b. Other requirements necessary to attain and maintain the national ambient air quality standards during the project and after it is terminated.9. The installation or operation of a permanent clean coal technology demonstration project that constitutes repowering, provided that the project does not result in an increase in the potential to emit of any regulated air contaminant emitted by the unit. This exemption shall apply on a pollutant-by-pollutant basis.10. The reactivation of a very clean coal-fired electric utility steam generating unit.(c) This definition does not apply with respect to a particular regulated NSR air contaminant when the major stationary source is complying with the requirements under s. NR 405.18 for a PAL for that air contaminant. Instead, the definition at s. NR 405.18(2) (e) shall apply.(21m)"Major source baseline date" means: (a) In the case of PM 10 and sulfur dioxide, January 6, 1975.(b) In the case of nitrogen dioxide, February 8, 1988.(c) In the case of PM 2.5, October 20, 2010.(22)(a) "Major stationary source" means: 1. Any of the following stationary sources of air contaminants which emits, or has the potential to emit, 100 tons per year or more of any air contaminant subject to regulation under the Act: Fossil fuel fired steam electric plants of more than 250 million British thermal units per hour heat input, coal cleaning plants (with thermal dryers), kraft pulp mills, portland cement plants, primary zinc smelters, iron and steel mill plants, primary aluminum ore reduction plants, primary copper smelters, municipal incinerators capable of charging more than 250 tons of refuse per day, hydrofluoric, sulfuric, and nitric acid plants, petroleum refineries, lime plants, phosphate rock processing plants, coke oven batteries, sulfur recovery plants, carbon black plants (furnace process), primary lead smelters, fuel conversion plants, sintering plants, secondary metal production plants, chemical process plants (which does not include ethanol production facilities that produce ethanol by natural fermentation, as described by the 6-digit code of 312140 or 325193 in the North American Industry Classification System United States, 2007, incorporated by reference in s. NR 484.05(17)), fossil fuel boilers (or combinations thereof) totaling more than 250 million British thermal units per hour heat input, petroleum storage and transfer units with a total storage capacity exceeding 300,000 barrels, taconite ore processing plants, glass fiber processing plants, and charcoal production plants.2. Notwithstanding the stationary source size specified in subd. 1., any stationary source which emits, or has the potential to emit, 250 tons per year or more of any air contaminant subject to regulation under the act.3. Any physical change that would occur at a stationary source not otherwise qualifying under this subsection as a major stationary source, if the change would constitute a major stationary source by itself.(b) A major source that is major for volatile organic compounds or nitrogen oxides shall be considered major for ozone.(c) Volatile organic compounds exclude the compounds listed under s. NR 400.02(162) unless the compound is subject to an emission limitation under chs. NR 440 and 447 to 449 and subch. IV of ch. NR 446.(d) Mobile source emissions indirectly caused by a source which attracts mobile source activity may not be considered in determining whether the source is a major stationary source for the purposes of this chapter.(22m)(a) "Minor source baseline date" means the earliest date after the trigger date on which the owner or operator of a major stationary source or a major modification subject to 40 CFR 52.21 or to regulations approved pursuant to 40 CFR 51.166 submits a complete application under the relevant regulations. The trigger date is: 1. In the case of PM 10 and sulfur dioxide, August 7, 1977.2. In the case of nitrogen dioxide, February 8, 1988.3. In the case of PM 2.5, October 20, 2011.(b) The minor source baseline date is established for each air contaminant for which increments or other equivalent measures have been established if: 1. The area in which the proposed source or modification would construct is designated as attainment or unclassifiable under section 107 (d) (1) (A) (ii) or (iii) of the Act (42 USC 7407(d)(1) (A)(ii) or (iii)) for the air contaminant on the date of its complete application under 40 CFR 52.21 or under regulations approved pursuant to 40 CFR 51.166.2. In the case of a major stationary source, the air contaminant would be emitted in significant amounts or, in the case of a major modification, there would be a significant net emissions increase of the air contaminant.(23)"Necessary preconstruction approvals or permits" means those permits or approvals required under chs. NR 400 to 499.(24)(a) "Net emissions increase" means, with respect to any regulated NSR air contaminant emitted by a major stationary source, the amount by which the difference between the sum of emission increases and the sum of emission decreases of the following exceeds zero: 1. The increase in emissions from a particular physical change or change in the method of operation at a stationary source as calculated pursuant to the methods contained in s. NR 405.025.2. Any other increases and decreases in actual emissions at the major stationary source that are contemporaneous with the particular change and are otherwise creditable. Baseline actual emissions for calculating increases and decreases under this subdivision shall be determined as provided in sub. (2m), except that sub. (2m) (a) 3. and (b) 4. do not apply.(b) An increase or decrease in actual emissions is contemporaneous with the increase from the particular change only if it occurs between the following: 1. The date 5 years before construction on the particular change commences.2. The date that the increase from the particular change occurs.(c) An increase or decrease in actual emissions is creditable only if all of the following are satisfied: 1. It is contemporaneous with the particular change.2. The department has not relied on it in issuing a permit for the source under this chapter and the permit is in effect when the increase in actual emissions from the particular change occurs.(d) An increase or decrease in actual emissions of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides or particulate matter measured as PM 10 which occurs before the applicable minor source baseline date is creditable only if it is required to be considered in calculating the amount of maximum allowable increases remaining available.(e) An increase in actual emissions is creditable only to the extent that the new level of actual emissions exceeds the old level.(f) A decrease in actual emissions is creditable only to the extent that all of the following are satisfied: 1. The old level of actual emissions or the old level of allowable emissions, whichever is lower, exceeds the new level of actual emissions.2. It is enforceable as a practical matter at and after the time that actual construction on the particular change begins.3. It has approximately the same qualitative significance for public health and welfare as that attributed to the increase from the particular change.(g) An increase that results from a physical change at a source occurs when the emissions unit on which construction occurred becomes operational and begins to emit an air contaminant. Any replacement unit that requires shakedown becomes operational only after a reasonable shakedown period, not to exceed 180 days.(h) Section NR 405.02(1) (a) does not apply for determining creditable increases and decreases.(24j)"Plant-wide applicability limitation" or "PAL" means an emission limitation expressed in tons per year, for a regulated NSR air contaminant at a major stationary source, that is enforceable as a practical matter and established source-wide in accordance with s. NR 405.18.(25)"Potential to emit" means the maximum capacity of a stationary source to emit an air contaminant under its physical and operational design. Any physical or operational limitation on the capacity of the source to emit an air contaminant, including air pollution control equipment and restrictions on hours of operation or on the type or amount of material combusted, stored, or processed, shall be treated as part of its design if the limitation or the effect it would have on emissions is federally enforceable. Secondary emissions do not count in determining the potential to emit of a stationary source.(25b)"Predictive emissions monitoring system" or "PEMS" means all of the equipment necessary to monitor process and control device operational parameters and to calculate and record the mass emissions rate on a continuous basis. Note: Process and control device operational parameters include secondary voltages and electric currents, and other information, such as gas flow rate, O2 or CO2 concentrations.
(25d)"Prevention of significant deterioration program" or "PSD program" means a major source preconstruction permit program that has been approved by the administrator and incorporated into the state implementation plan to implement the requirements of 40 CFR 51.166. Any permit issued under a PSD program is a major NSR permit.(25e)"Project" means a physical change in, or change in method of operation of, an existing major stationary source.(25f)(a) "Projected actual emissions" means the maximum annual rate, in tons per year, at which an existing emissions unit is projected to emit a regulated NSR air contaminant in any one of the 5 years following the date the unit resumes regular operation after the project. If the project involves increasing the emissions unit's design capacity or the emissions unit's potential to emit the regulated NSR air contaminant, and full utilization of the emissions unit's capacity or potential would result in a significant net emissions increase, "projected actual emissions" means the maximum annual rate, in tons per year, at which an existing emissions unit is projected to emit a regulated NSR air contaminant in any one of the 10 years following the date the unit resumes regular operation after the project.(b)1. In determining the projected actual emissions before beginning actual construction, the owner or operator of the major stationary source shall do all of the following: a. Consider all relevant information, including historical operational data, the company's own representations, the company's expected business activity and the company's highest projections of business activity, the company's filings with the state or federal regulatory authorities and compliance plans under the approved state implementation plan.b. Include fugitive emissions to the extent quantifiable and emissions associated with startups, shutdowns and malfunctions.2. In determining the projected actual emissions before beginning actual construction, the owner or operator shall exclude, in calculating any increase in emissions that results from the particular project, that portion of the unit's emissions following the project that an existing unit could have accommodated during the consecutive 24-month period used to establish the baseline actual emissions under sub. (2m) and that are also unrelated to the particular project, including any increased utilization due to product demand growth.(c) In lieu of using the method in par. (b), the owner or operator may elect to use the emissions unit's potential to emit, in tons per year, as defined under sub. (25).(25g)"Reactivation of a very clean coal-fired electric utility steam generating unit" means any physical change or change in the method of operation associated with the commencement of commercial operations by a coal-fired utility unit after a period of discontinued operation where the unit meets all of the following criteria:(a) It has not been in operation for the 2-year period prior to the enactment of the clean air Act amendments of 1990 on November 15, 1990, and the emissions from the unit continue to be carried in the department's emissions inventory at the time of enactment.(b) It was as equipped prior to shutdown with a continuous system of emissions control that achieves a removal efficiency for sulfur dioxide of no less than 85% and a removal efficiency for particulates of no less than 98%.(c) It is equipped with low-NOx burners prior to the time of commencement of operations following reactivation.(d) It is otherwise in compliance with the requirements of the act.(25i)"Regulated NSR air contaminant" means all of the following:(a) Any air contaminant for which a national ambient air quality standard has been promulgated. (ag) PM 2.5 emissions and PM 10 emissions. As defined in s. NR 400.02(123m) and (124), respectively, these terms include filterable emissions and gaseous emissions from a source or activity which condense to form particulate matter at ambient temperatures.(ar) Any air contaminant that is identified under this paragraph as a precursor to an air contaminant for which a national ambient air quality standard has been promulgated by the EPA, or that the EPA has determined to be a constituent or precursor to an air contaminant for which a national ambient air quality standard has been promulgated by the EPA. The precursors identified by the administrator are as follows: 1. Volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides are precursors to ozone in all attainment and unclassifiable areas.2. Sulfur dioxide is a precursor to PM 2.5 in all attainment and unclassifiable areas.3. Nitrogen oxides are precursors to PM 2.5 in all attainment and unclassifiable areas, unless the department demonstrates to the administrator's satisfaction or the EPA demonstrates that emissions of nitrogen oxides from sources in a specific area are not a significant contributor to the area's ambient PM 2.5 concentrations.(b) Any air contaminant that is subject to any standard promulgated under section 111 of the Act (42 USC 7411).(c) Any Class I or II substance subject to a standard promulgated under or established by title VI of the Act (42 USC 7671 to 7671q).(d) Any air contaminant that otherwise is subject to regulation under the Act; except that any or all hazardous air pollutants either listed in section 112 of the Act (42 USC 7412) or added to the list pursuant to section 112(b)(2) of the Act (42 USC 7412(b)(2)), which have not been delisted pursuant to section 112(b)(3) of the Act (42 USC 7412(b)(3)), are not regulated NSR air contaminants unless the listed hazardous air pollutant is also regulated as a constituent or precursor of a general air contaminant listed under section 108 of the Act (42 USC 7408).(25k)"Replacement unit" means an emissions unit for which all the criteria listed in pars. (a) to (d) are met. No creditable emission reductions may be generated from shutting down the existing emissions unit that is replaced. (a) The emissions unit is a reconstructed unit within the meaning of s. NR 400.02(130), or the emissions unit completely takes the place of an existing emissions unit.(b) The emissions unit is identical to or functionally equivalent to the replaced emissions unit.(c) The replacement does not change any of the basic design parameters of the process line.(d) The replaced emissions unit is permanently removed from the major stationary source, otherwise permanently disabled, or permanently barred from operation by a permit that is enforceable as a practical matter. If the replaced emissions unit is brought back into operation, it shall constitute a new emissions unit.(25m)(a) "Repowering" means replacement of an existing coal-fired boiler with one of the following clean coal technologies: atmospheric or pressurized fluidized bed combustion, integrated gasification combined cycle, magnetohydrodynamics, direct and indirect coal-fired turbines, integrated gasification fuel cells, or as determined by the administrator, in consultation with the federal secretary of energy, a derivative of one or more of these technologies, and any other technology capable of controlling multiple combustion emissions simultaneously with improved boiler or generation efficiency and with significantly greater waste reduction relative to the performance of technology in widespread commercial use as of November 15, 1990.(b) Repowering shall also include any unit fired by oil or gas or both which has been awarded clean coal technology demonstration funding as of January 1, 1991, by the federal department of energy.(c) The department shall give expedited consideration to permit applications for any source that satisfies the requirements of this subsection and is granted an extension under section 409 of the Act (42 USC 7651h).(25s)"Representative actual annual emissions" means the average rate, in tons per year, at which the source is projected to emit a pollutant for the 2-year period after a physical change or change in the method of operation of a unit, or a different consecutive 2-year period within 10 years after that change, where the department determines that such period is more representative of normal source operations, considering the effect any such change will have on increasing or decreasing the hourly emissions rate and on projected capacity utilization. In projecting future emissions the department shall: (a) Consider all relevant information, including but not limited to, historical operational data, the company's own representations, filings with the state or federal regulatory authorities, and compliance plans under title IV of the act.(b) Exclude, in calculating any increase in emissions that results from the particular physical change or change in the method of operation at an electric utility steam generating unit, that portion of the unit's emissions following the change that could have been accommodated during the representative baseline period and is attributable to an increase in projected capacity utilization at the unit that is unrelated to the particular change, including any increased utilization due to the rate of electricity demand growth for the utility system as a whole.(26)"Secondary emissions" means emissions which occur as a result of the construction or operation of a major stationary source or major modification, but do not come from the major stationary source or major modification itself. For the purposes of this chapter, secondary emissions must be specific, well defined, quantifiable, and impact the same general areas as the stationary source or modification which causes the secondary emissions. Secondary emissions include emissions from any offsite support facility which would not be constructed or increase its emissions except as a result of the construction or operation of the major stationary source or major modification. Secondary emissions do not include any emissions which come directly from a mobile source, such as emissions from the tailpipe of a motor vehicle, from a train, or from a vessel.(27)(a) "Significant" means, in reference to a net emissions increase or the potential of a source to emit any of the air contaminants in Table A, a rate of emissions that would equal or exceed any of the rates in Table A. Table A
Pollutant and Emissions Rate - See PDF for table
1. | Carbon monoxide: 100 tons per year (tpy) |
2. | Nitrogen oxides: 40 tpy |
3. | Sulfur dioxide: 40 tpy |
4. | Particulate matter: 25 tpy |
5. | PM10: 15 tpy |
5m. | PM2.5: 10 tpy, also 40 tpy of nitrogen oxides or 40 tpy of sulfur dioxide |
6. | Ozone: 40 tpy of volatile organic compounds or nitrogen oxides |
7. | Lead: 0.60 tpy |
8. | Municipal solid waste landfill emissions (measured as nonmethane organic compounds): 50 tpy |
9. | Fluorides: 3.0 tpy |
10. | Sulfuric acid mist: 7.0 tpy |
11. | Hydrogen sulfide (H2S): 10 tpy |
12. | Total reduced sulfur (including H2S): 10 tpy |
13. | Reduced sulfur compounds (including H2S): 10 tpy |
14. | Municipal waste combustor (MWC) acid gases (measured as total sulfur dioxide and hydrogen chloride): 40 tpy |
15. | MWC metals (measured as particulate matter): 15 tpy |
16. | MWC organics (measured as total tetra- through octa- chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans): 3.5 X 10 -6 tpy - |
See PDF for table
(c) "Significant" means any emissions rate in reference to a net emissions increase or the potential of a source to emit an air contaminant subject to regulation under the Act other than air contaminants listed in par. (a) or under section 112 (b) of the Act (42 USC 7412(b)). (d) Notwithstanding par. (a), "significant" means any emissions rate or any net emissions increase associated with a major stationary source or major modification, which would construct within 10 kilometers of a Class I area, and have an impact on such area equal to or greater than 1 mg/m 3 (24-hour average). (27m)"Significant emissions increase" means, for a regulated NSR air contaminant, an increase in emissions that is equal to or greater than the value for that air contaminant listed in s. NR 405.02(27).(28)"Stationary source" means any building, structure, facility or installation which emits or may emit any air contaminant subject to regulation under the act.(28m)"Subject to regulation under the Act" means, for any air contaminant, that the contaminant is subject to either a provision of the Act, or a nationally applicable regulation codified by the administrator in title 40, chapter I, subchapter C of the CFR, that requires actual control of the quantity of air emissions of the contaminant, and that the control requirement has taken effect and is operative to control, limit, or restrict the quantity of emissions of the contaminant released from the regulated activity.(29)"Temporary clean coal technology demonstration project" means a clean coal technology demonstration project that is operated for a period of 5 years or less, and which complies with the state implementation plans for the state in which the project is located and other requirements necessary to attain and maintain the national ambient air quality standards during the project and after it is terminated.Wis. Admin. Code Department of Natural Resources NR 405.02
Cr. Register, January, 1987, No. 373, eff. 2-1-87; am. (27) (a) Register, December, 1988, No. 396, eff. 1-1-89; am. (intro.), (22) (c), (24) (d), (27) (b) and (28), cr. (22) (d), Register, May, 1992, No. 437, eff. 6-1-92; emerg. am. (7) and (27) (a) and (b), eff. 11-15-92; am. (intro.), (1) (c), (7), (8) and (27) (a), cr. (1) (d), (8m), (8s), (11m), (21) (b) 8. to 11., (24m), (25g), (25m), (25s) and (29), renum. (14) to be NR 400.02(39m) and am., r. (27) (b), Register, May, 1993, No. 449, eff. 6-1-93; corrections in (1) (intro.) and (25g) (a) made under s. 13.93(2m) (b) 7 and 6., Stats., Register, May, 1993, No. 449; am. (1) (b), (2) (a), (3) (intro.), (7), (21) (b) 6., (24) (d), (25m) (b), (c), Register, April, 1995, No. 472, eff. 5-1-95; am. (1) (d), (2) (intro.), (3) (intro.), (a), (4) (a) (intro.), 1. and 2., (b) 1. and 2., (7), (8), (12), (21) (intro.), (b) 3., 5. a. and b., 6., 8. a., (22) (a) 1. and 2., (24) (d), (25g) (d), (25m) (a) and (c), (25s) (intro.) and (a), (27) (c) and (28), r. (5), cr. (21m) and (22m), Register, December, 1995, No. 480, eff. 1-1-96; am. (3) (intro.), (7), (9) (intro.), (21) (b) 2., 3., 8 and 9. (intro.) (22m) (b) 1., (24) (b) (intro.), 1., (24m) (intro.), (25g) and (25m) (a), r. (3) (a), (b), Register, December, 1996, No., 492, eff. 1-1-97; am. (21) (b) (intro.), 5. and (22) (c), Register, October, 1999, No. 526, eff. 11-1-99; CR 01-081: am. (22) (c) Register September 2004 No. 585, eff. 10-1-04; CR 03-118: am. (1) (intro.), (a) to (c), (8), (11) and (12), r. (1) (d), (24m), (27) (a) 8., 17. and 18., cr. (2m), (11c), (11e), (11j), (20m), (24j), (25b), (25d), (25e), (25f), (25i) and (27m), r. and recr. (21) and (24), Register June 2007 No. 618, eff. 7-1-07; CR 06-109: cr. (27) (a) 8. Register May 2008 No. 629, eff. 6-1-08; CR 07-104: am. (12) (b) and (22) (a) 1., cr. (25k) Register July 2008 No. 631, eff. 8-1-08; CR 07-036: am. (22) (c) Register November 2008 No. 635, eff. 12-1-08; CR 10-050: am. (25k) (intro.), cr. (27) (a) 5m. Register November 2010 No. 659, eff. 12-1-10; EmR1046: emerg. cr. (28m), eff. 12-15-10; CR 10-144: cr. (28m) Register August 2011 No. 668, eff. 9-1-11; CR 13-070: am. (21) (b) 5. a., b., 6., (25i) (a), cr. (25i) (ag), (ar) Register July 2014 No. 703, eff. 8-1-14.Amended by, CR 15-077: am. (3), (21) (a), (21m) (a), cr. (21m) (c), am. (22) (b), (22m) (a) 1., cr. (22m) (a) 3., am. (22m) (b) 1., (27) (a) 6. Register July 2016 No. 727, eff.8/1/2016