W. Va. Code R. § 45-21-34

Current through Register Vol. XLI, No. 50, December 13, 2024

Section 45-21-34 - Graphic Arts Systems

34.1. Applicability.

34.1.1. This section 34. applies to any packaging rotogravure, publication rotogravure, or flexographic printing press at any facility whose maximum theoretical emissions of volatile organic compound (VOC) without control devices from all printing presses are greater than or equal to 90.7 megagrams (Mg) (100 tons) per year. An owner or operator of a facility whose emissions are below this applicability threshold shall comply with the certification, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements of subdivision 34.7.1.

34.2. Definitions. -- As used in this section 34., all terms not defined herein shall have the meaning given them in section 2.

34.2.1. "Flexographic printing press" means a printing press that uses a roll printing technique in which the pattern to be applied is raised above the printing roll and the image carrier is made of rubber or other elastomeric materials.

34.2.2. "Packaging rotogravure printing press" means a rotogravure printing press used to print on paper, paper board, metal foil, plastic film, and other substrates that are, in subsequent operations, formed into packaging products and labels, and other nonpublication products.

34.2.3. "Printing press" means equipment used to apply words, pictures, or graphic designs to either a continuous substrate or a sheet. A continuous substrate consists of paper, plastic, or other material that is unwound from a roll, passed through coating or ink applicators and any associated drying areas. The press includes all coating and ink applicators and drying areas between unwind and rewind of the continuous substrate. A sheet consists of paper, plastic, or other material that is carried through the process on a moving belt. The press includes all coating and ink applicators and drying operations between the time that the sheet is put on the moving belt until it is taken off.

34.2.4. "Publication rotogravure printing press" means a rotogravure printing press on which the following paper products are printed:

34.2.4.a. Catalogues, including mail order and premium;

34.2.4.b. Direct mail advertisements, including circulars, letters, pamphlets, cards, and printed envelopes;

34.2.4.c. Display advertisements, including general posters, outdoor advertisements, car cards, window posters; counter and floor displays; point-of-purchase, and other printed display material;

34.2.4.d. Magazines, books;

34.2.4.e. Miscellaneous advertisements, including brochures, pamphlets, catalogue sheets, circular folders, announcements, package inserts, book jackets, market circulars magazine inserts, and shopping news;

34.2.4.f. Newspapers, magazine and comic supplements for newspapers, and pre-printed newspaper inserts, including hi-fi and spectacolor rolls and sections;

34.2.4.g. Periodicals; or

34.2.4.h. Telephone and other directories, including business reference services.

34.2.5. "Roll printing" means the application of words, designs, and pictures to a substrate, usually by means of a series of rolls each with only partial coverage.

34.2.6. "Rotogravure printing press" means any printing press designed to print on a substrate using a gravure cylinder.

34.3. Standards.

34.3.1. No owner or operator of a packaging rotogravure or flexographic printing press subject to this section 34. shall apply any coating or ink unless the VOC content is equal to or less than one of the following:

34.3.1.a. 40 percent VOC by volume of the coating or ink, minus water, as applied;

34.3.1.b. 25 percent VOC by volume of the volatile content in the coating or ink, as applied; or

34.3.1.c. 0.5 kilogram (kg) VOC per kg (0.5 pound [lb] VOC per lb) coating solids, as applied.

34.3.2. No owner or operator of a publication rotogravure printing press subject to this section 34. shall apply any coating or ink unless the VOC content is equal to or less than one of the following:

34.3.2.a. 40 percent VOC by volume of the coating or ink, minus water, as applied; or

34.3.2.b. 25 percent VOC by volume of the volatile content in the coating or ink, as applied.

34.3.3. As an alternative to compliance with the limits in subdivision 34.3.1. or subdivision 34.3.2., an owner or operator of a packaging rotogravure, publication rotogravure, or flexographic printing press may comply with the requirements of this section 34. by meeting the requirements of subsection 34.4. or subsection 34.5.

34.4. Daily-weighted average limitations.

34.4.1. No owner or operator of a packaging rotogravure, publication rotogravure, or flexographic printing press shall apply coatings or inks on the subject printing press unless the daily-weighted average, by volume, VOC content of all coatings and inks, as applied, each day on the subject printing press does not exceed the limitation specified in either paragraph 34.3.1.a. or 34.3.2.a. (as determined by subdivision 34.4.4.); paragraph 34.3.1.b. or 34.3.2.b. (as determined by subdivision 34.4.5.); or, in the case of packaging rotogravure or flexographic printing, paragraph 34.3.1.c. (as determined by subdivision 34.4.6. of this section 34.

34.4.2. An owner or operator may comply with the daily-weighted average limitation by grouping coatings or inks used on a printing press into two categories that meet the conditions in paragraphs 34.4.2.a. and 34.4.2.b. of this section. Any use of averaging between the two categories of coating or inks used on a packaging rotogravure press or on a flexographic press requires compliance with the emission standard in paragraph 4.3.1.c., as determined by the equation in subdivision 34.4.6.

34.4.2.a. The daily-weighted average VOC content for the first category must comply with paragraph 34.3.1.a. or 34.3.2.a., as determined by applying the equation in subdivision 34.4.4. to the coatings or inks in this first category.

34.4.2.b. The daily weighted-average VOC content for the second category must comply with paragraph 34.3.1.b. or 34.3.2.b., as determined by applying the equation in subdivision 34.4.5. to the coatings or inks in this second category.

34.4.3. Compliance with this subsection 34.4. shall be demonstrated through the applicable coating or ink analysis test methods and procedures specified in section 42. and the recordkeeping and reporting requirements specified in subdivision 34.7.3.

34.4.4. The following equation shall be used to determine if the weighted average VOC content of all coatings and inks, as applied, each day on the subject printing press exceeds the limitation specified in paragraph 34.3.1.a. or 34.3.2.a.:

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Where:

VOC_(i)(A) = The weighted average VOC content in units of percent VOC by volume of the volatile content of all coatings and inks (minus water and exempt compounds) used each day;

i = Subscript denoting a specific coating or ink, as applied;

n = The number of different coatings and/or inks, as applied, each day on a printing press;

L_i = The liquid volume of each coating or ink, as applied, used that day in units of liters (L) (gallons [gal]);

V_si = The volume fraction of solids in each coating or ink, as applied; and

V_VOCi = The volume fraction of VOC in each coating or ink, as applied.

34.4.5. The following equation shall be used to determine if the weighted average VOC content of all coatings and inks, as applied, each day on the subject printing press exceeds the limitation specified in paragraph 34.3.1.b. or 34.3.2.b.:

Click Here To View Image

Where:

VOC_(i)(B) = The weighted average VOC content in units of percent VOC by volume of the volatile content of all coatings and inks used each day;

i = Subscript denoting a specific coating or ink, as applied;

n = The number of different coatings and/or inks, as applied, each day on each printing press;

L_i = The liquid volume of each coating or ink, as applied, in units of L (gal);

V_VOCi = The volume fraction of VOC in each coating or ink, as applied; and

V_VCi = The volume fraction of volatile matter in each coating or ink, as applied.

34.4.6. The following equation shall be used to determine if the weighted average VOC content of all coatings and inks, as applied, each day on the subject printing press exceeds the limitation specified in paragraph 34.3.1.c.:

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Where:

VOC_(i)(C) = The weighted average VOC content in units of mass of VOC per mass of coating solids;

i = Subscript denoting a specific coating or ink, as applied;

n = The number of different coatings and/or inks, as applied, each day on a printing press;

L_i = The liquid volume of each coating or ink, as applied, used on the day in units of L (gal);

D_i = The density of each coating or ink, as applied, in units of mass of coating or ink per unit volume of coating or ink;

W_VOCi = The weight fraction of VOC in each coating or ink, as applied; and

Wsi = The weight fraction of solids in each coating or ink, as applied.

34.5. Control devices. -- No owner or operator of a packaging rotogravure, publication rotogravure, or flexographic printing press equipped with a control system shall operate the printing press unless the owner or operator meets the following requirements:

34.5.1. A carbon adsorption control device is used that reduces the VOC emissions delivered from the capture system to the control device by at least 90 percent by weight;

34.5.2. An incineration control device is used to reduce VOC emissions delivered from the capture system to the control device by at least 90 percent, by weight;

34.5.3. Any other VOC emission control device is used to reduce the VOC emissions delivered from the capture system to the control device by at least 90 percent; and

34.5.4. The printing press is equipped with a capture system and control device that provides an overall emission reduction efficiency of at least:

34.5.4.a. 75 percent for a publication rotogravure printing press;

34.5.4.b. 65 percent for a packaging rotogravure printing press; or

34.5.4.c. 60 percent for a flexographic printing press.

34.6. Test methods. -- The VOC content of each coating and ink and the efficiency of each capture system and control device shall be determined by the applicable test methods and procedures specified in sections 42. and 44. to establish the records required under subsection 34.7.

34.7. Recordkeeping and reporting.

34.7.1. Requirements for exempt sources. -- Any owner or operator of a printing press that is exempted from this section 34. because of the criteria in subsection 34.1. shall comply with the following:

34.7.1.a. Initial certification. -- The owner or operator shall certify to the Secretary that the facility is exempt under the provisions of subsection 34.1. Such certification shall include:

34.7.1.a.1. The name and location of the facility;

34.7.1.a.2. The address and telephone number of the person responsible for the facility;

34.7.1.a.3. A declaration that the facility is exempt from this section 34. because of the criteria in subsection 34.1.; and

34.7.1.a.4. Calculations demonstrating that total potential emissions of VOC from all flexographic and rotogravure printing presses at the facility are and will be less than 90.7 Mg (100 tons) per calendar year before the application of capture systems and control devices. Total potential emissions of VOC for a flexographic or rotogravure printing facility is the sum of potential emissions of VOC from each flexographic and rotogravure printing press at the facility. The following equation shall be used to calculate total potential emissions of VOC per calendar year before the application of capture systems and control devices for each flexographic and rotogravure printing press at the facility:

Click Here To View Image

Where:

E_P = Total potential emissions of VOC from one flexographic or rotogravure printing press in units of kilograms per year (kg/yr) (pounds per year [lb/yr]).

A = Weight of VOC per volume of solids of the coating or ink with the highest VOC content, as applied, each year on the printing press in units of kilograms VOC per liter (kg VOC/L) (pounds of VOC per gallon [lb VOC/gal]) of coating or ink solids.

B = Total volume of solids for all coatings and inks that can potentially be applied each year on the printing press in units of liters per year (L/yr) (gallons per year [gal/yr]). The instrument and/or method by which the owner or operator accurately measured or calculated the volume of coating and ink solids applied and the amount that can potentially be applied each year on the printing press shall be described in the certification to the Secretary.

34.7.1.b. Recordkeeping. -- The owner or operator shall collect and record all of the following information each year for each printing press and maintain the information at the facility for a period of 3 years.

34.7.1.b.1. The name and identification number of each coating and ink, as applied, on each printing press;

34.7.1.b.2. The weight of VOC per volume of coating solids and the volume of solids of each coating and ink, as applied, each year on each printing press; and

34.7.1.b.3. The total potential emissions as calculated in subparagraph 34.7.1.a.2. using VOC content for that year.

34.7.1.c. Reporting. -- Any record showing that total potential emissions of VOC from all printing presses exceed 90.7 Mg (100 tons) in any calendar year before the application of capture systems and control devices shall be reported by sending a copy of such record to the Secretary within 30 days after the exceedance occurs.

34.7.2. Requirements for sources using complying coatings or inks. -- Any owner or operator of a printing press subject to this section 34. and complying by means of use of complying coatings or inks, shall comply with the following:

34.7.2.a. Initial certification. -- Upon initial startup of a new printing press, or upon changing the method of compliance for an existing subject printing press from daily-weighted averaging or control devices to use of complying coatings or inks, the owner or operator of a subject printing press shall certify to the Secretary that the printing press will be in compliance with subdivision 34.3.1. or 34.3.2. on and after the initial startup date. Such certification shall include:

34.7.2.a.1. The name and location of the facility;

34.7.2.a.2. The address and telephone number of the person responsible for the facility;

34.7.2.a.3. Identification of subject sources;

34.7.2.a.4. The name and identification number of each coating and ink, as applied; and

34.7.2.a.5. The VOC content of all coatings and inks, as applied.

34.7.2.b. Recordkeeping. -- On and after the initial startup date, the owner or operator of a printing press subject to the limitations of this section 34. and complying by means of paragraph 34.3.1.a. or 34.3.2.a. shall collect and record all of the following information each day for each coating line and maintain the information at the facility for a period of 3 years:

34.7.2.b.1. The name and identification number of each coating and ink, as applied; and

34.7.2.b.2. The VOC content of each coating and ink, as applied, expressed in units necessary to determine compliance.

34.7.2.c. Reporting.

34.7.2.c.1. Any record showing an exceedance of the VOC contents of subdivision 34.3.1. or 34.3.2. shall be reported by the owner or operator of the subject printing press to the Secretary within 30 days following the exceedance; and

34.7.2.c.2. At least 30 calendar days before changing the method of compliance with this section 34. from the use of complying coatings to daily-weighted averaging or control devices, the owner or operator shall comply with all requirements of paragraph 34.7.3.a. or 34.7.4.a., respectively. Upon changing the method of compliance with this section 34. from the use of complying coatings to daily-weighted averaging or control devices, the owner or operator shall comply with all requirements of subdivision 34.7.3. or 34.7.4., respectively.

34.7.3. Requirements for sources using daily-weighted averaging. -- Any owner or operator of a printing press subject to the limitations of this section 34. and complying by means of daily-weighted averaging shall comply with the following:

34.7.3.a. Initial certification. -- Upon initial startup of a new printing press, or upon changing the method of compliance for an existing subject press from use of complying coating or control devices to daily-weighted averaging, the owner or operator of the subject printing press shall certify to the Secretary that the printing press will be in compliance with subsection 34.4. on and after the initial startup date. Such certification shall include:

34.7.3.a.1. The name and location of the facility;

34.7.3.a.2. The address and telephone number of the person responsible for the facility;

34.7.3.a.3. The name and identification of each printing press which will comply by means of subsection 34.4.;

34.7.3.a.4. The name and identification number of each coating and ink available for use on each printing press;

34.7.3.a.5. The VOC content of each coating and ink, as applied, each day on each printing press, expressed in units necessary to determine compliance;

34.7.3.a.6. The instrument or method by which the owner or operator will accurately measure or calculate the volume of each coating and ink, as applied, each day on each printing press;

34.7.3.a.7. The method by which the owner or operator will create and maintain records each day as required in paragraph 34.7.3.b.; and

34.7.3.a.8. An example of the format in which the records required in paragraph 34.7.3.b. will be kept.

34.7.3.b. Recordkeeping. -- On and after the initial startup date, the owner or operator of a printing press subject to the limitations of this section 34. and complying by means of daily-weighted averaging shall collect and record all of the following information each day for each printing press and maintain the information at the facility for a period of 3 years:

34.7.3.b.1. The name and identification number of each coating and ink, as applied, on each printing press;

34.7.3.b.2. The VOC content and the volume of each coating and ink, as applied, each day on each printing press, expressed in units necessary to determine compliance; and

34.7.3.b.3. The daily-weighted average VOC content of all coatings and inks, as applied, on each printing press.

34.7.3.c. Reporting. -- The owner or operator of a subject printing press shall notify the Secretary in the following instances:

34.7.3.c.1. Except as provided in subsection 9.3., any record showing non-compliance with subsection 34.4. shall be reported by sending a copy of such record to the Secretary within 30 days following the occurrence; and

34.7.3.c.2. At least 30 calendar days before changing the method of compliance with this section 34. from daily-weighted averaging to use of complying coatings or control devices, the owner or operator shall comply with all requirements of paragraph 34.7.2.a. or 34.7.4.a., respectively. Upon changing the method of compliance with this section 34. from daily-weighted averaging to use of complying coatings or control devices, the owner or operator shall comply with all requirements of subdivision 34.7.2. or 34.7.3., respectively.

34.7.4. Requirements for sources using control devices. -- Any owner or operator of a printing press subject to this section 34. and complying by means of control devices shall comply with subsection 4.5. and the following:

34.7.4.a. Initial certification. -- Upon initial startup of a new printing press, or upon changing the method of compliance for an existing printing press from use of complying coatings or daily-weighted averaging to control devices, the owner or operator of the subject printing press shall perform all tests and submit to the Secretary the results of all tests and calculations necessary to demonstrate that the subject printing press will be in compliance with subsection 34.5., on and after the initial startup date.

34.7.4.b. Recordkeeping. -- On and after the initial startup date, the owner or operator of a printing press subject to the limitations of this section 34. and complying by means of control devices shall collect and record all of the following information each day for each printing press and maintain the information at the facility for a period of 3 years:

34.7.4.b.1. Control device monitoring data;

34.7.4.b.2. A log of operating time for the capture system, control device, monitoring equipment and the associated printing press; and

34.7.4.b.3. A maintenance log for the capture system, control device, and monitoring equipment detailing all routine and non-routine maintenance performed including dates and duration of any outages.

34.7.4.c. Reporting. -- The owner or operator of a subject printing press shall notify the Secretary in the following instances:

34.7.4.c.1. Except as provided in subsection 9.3., any record showing non-compliance with subsection 34.5. shall be reported by sending a copy of such record to the Secretary within 30 days following the occurrence; and

34.7.4.c.2. At least 30 calendar days before changing the method of compliance with this section 34. from control devices to use of complying coatings or daily-weighted averaging, the owner or operator shall comply with all requirements of paragraph 34.7.2.a. or 34.7.3.a., respectively. Upon changing the method of compliance with this section 34. from control devices to use of complying coatings or daily-weighted averaging, the owner or operator shall comply with all requirements of subdivision 34.7.2. or 34.7.3., respectively.

W. Va. Code R. § 45-21-34