W. Va. Code R. § 45-21-30

Current through Register Vol. XLI, No. 50, December 13, 2024

Section 45-21-30 - Solvent Metal Cleaning

30.1. Applicability. -- This section 30. applies to all solvent metal cleaning sources with the following exemptions:

30.1.1. Any open top vapor degreasing operation with an open area smaller than 1 square meter (m²) (10.8 square feet (ft²)) is exempt from subparagraphs 30.3.2.c.2. and 30.3.2.c.4.; and,

30.1.2. Any conveyorized degreaser with an air/vapor interface smaller than 2.0 m² (21.5ft²) is exempt from paragraph 30.3.3.b..

30.2. Definitions. -- As used in this section 30., all terms not defined herein shall have the meaning given them in section 2.

30.2.1. "Cold cleaning" means the batch process of cleaning and removing soils from a metal surface by spraying, brushing, flushing, or immersion while maintaining the solvent below its boiling point. Wipe cleaning is not included in this definition.

30.2.2. "Conveyorized degreasing" means the process of cleaning and removing soils from a continuous stream of metal parts using either cold or vaporized solvents.

30.2.3. "Freeboard height" means, for a cold cleaner, the distance from the liquid solvent level in the degreaser tank to the lip of the tank. For an open-top vapor degreaser, it is the distance from the vapor level in the tank during idling to the lip of the tank. For a vapor-conveyorized degreaser, it is the distance from the vapor level to the bottom of the entrance or exit opening, whichever is lower. For a cold-conveyorized degreaser, it is the distance from the liquid solvent level to the bottom of the entrance or exit opening, whichever is lower.

30.2.4. "Freeboard ratio" means the freeboard height divided by the smaller interior dimension (length, width, or diameter) of the degreaser tank.

30.2.5. "Open-top vapor degreasing" means the process using condensation of hot solvent vapor to clean and remove soils from a batch of metal parts.

30.2.6. "Refrigerator chiller" means a device mounted above both the water jacket and the primary condenser coils which carries a refrigerant that provides a chilled air blanket above the solvent vapor, thereby reducing emissions from the degreaser bath.

30.2.7. "Solvent metal cleaning" means the process of cleaning soils from metal surfaces by cold cleaning, open-top vapor degreasing, or conveyorized degreasing.

30.3. Standards.

30.3.1. Cold cleaning facilities. -- The owner or operator of a cold cleaning facility shall:

30.3.1.a. Equip the cleaner with a cover that is easily operated with one hand, if:

30.3.1.a.1. The solvent true vapor pressure is greater than 2 kiloPascals (kPa) (15 millimeters of Mercury [mm Hg] or 0.3 pounds per square inch [psi]) measured at 38EC (100°F) by ASTM D323-72;

30.3.1.a.2. The solvent is agitated; or

30.3.1.a.3. The solvent is heated;

30.3.1.b. Equip the cleaner with an internal drainage facility so that parts are enclosed under the cover while draining if the solvent true vapor pressure is greater than 4.3 kPa (32 mm Hg or 0.6 psi) measured at 38EC (100EF) by ASTM D323-72, except that the drainage facility may be external for applications where an internal type cannot fit into the cleaning system;

30.3.1.c. Implement one of the following control measures if the solvent true vapor pressure is greater than 4.3 kPa (32 mm of mercury or 0.6 psi) measured at 38EC (100°F) by ASTM D323-72, or if the solvent is heated above 50EC (120°F):

30.3.1.c.1. Freeboard that gives a freeboard ratio greater than or equal to 0.7; or

30.3.1.c.2. Water cover at least 2.54 centimeters (1 inch) in depth (solvent shall be insoluble in and heavier than water); or

30.3.1.c.3. Another system of equivalent control, such as a refrigerated chiller or a carbon adsorber, approved by the Secretary;

30.3.1.d. Provide a permanent, legible, conspicuous label, summarizing the operating requirements;

30.3.1.e. Store waste solvent in covered containers;

30.3.1.f. Close the cover whenever parts are not being handled in the cleaner;

30.3.1.g. Drain the cleaned parts until dripping ceases;

30.3.1.h. If used, supply a solvent spray that is a solid fluid stream (not a fine, atomized, or shower-type spray) at a pressure that does not exceed 10 pounds per square inch gauge (psig); and

30.3.1.i. Degrease only materials that are neither porous nor absorbent.

30.3.2. Open top vapor degreasers. -- Except as provided under subdivision 30.1.1., the owner or operator of an open top vapor degreaser shall:

30.3.2.a. Equip the vapor degreaser with a cover that can be opened and closed easily without disturbing the vapor zone;

30.3.2.b. Provide the following safety switches:

30.3.2.b.1. A vapor level thermostat that shuts off the pump heat if the condenser coolant is either not circulating or too warm; and

30.3.2.b.2. A spray safety switch that shuts off the spray pump if the vapor level drops more than 10 centimeters (cm) (4 inches [in]); and

30.3.2.c. Implement one of the following control measures:

30.3.2.c.1. Freeboard ratio greater than or equal to 0.75 and, if the degreaser opening is greater than 1 m² (10.8 ft²), a powered cover;

30.3.2.c.2. Refrigerated chiller;

30.3.2.c.3. Enclosed design (cover or door opens only when the dry part is actually entering or exiting the degreaser);

30.3.2.c.4. Carbon adsorption system, with ventilation greater than or equal to 15 cubic meters per minute per square meter (m³/min/m²) (50 cubic feet per minute per square foot [ft³/min/ft²]) of air/vapor area (when cover is open), and exhausting less than 25 parts per million (ppm) of solvent averaged over one complete adsorption cycle, or 24 hours, whichever is less; or

30.3.2.c.5. A control system, demonstrated to have a capture efficiency equivalent to or greater than any of the above and approved by the Secretary and the U.S. EPA;

30.3.2.d. Keep the cover closed at all times except when processing work loads through the degreaser;

30.3.2.e. Minimize solvent carryout by:

30.3.2.e.1. Racking parts so that solvent will drain freely and not be trapped;

30.3.2.e.2. Moving parts in and out of the degreaser at less than 3.3 meters per minute (m/min) (11 feet per minute [ft/min]);

30.3.2.e.3. Holding the parts in the vapor zone at least 30 seconds or until condensation ceases, whichever is longer;

30.3.2.e.4. Tipping out any pools of solvent on the cleaned parts before removal from the vapor zone; and

30.3.2.e.5. Allowing parts to dry within the degreaser for at least 15 seconds or until visually dry, whichever is longer;

30.3.2.f. Degrease only materials that are neither porous nor absorbent;

30.3.2.g. Occupy no more than one-half of the degreaser's open top area with a workload;

30.3.2.h. Always spray within the vapor level;

30.3.2.i. Repair solvent leaks immediately, or shut down the degreaser;

30.3.2.j. Store waste solvent only in covered containers;

30.3.2.k. Operate the cleaner such that water cannot be visually detected in solvent exiting the water separator;

30.3.2.l. Use no ventilation fans near the degreaser opening, and ensure that room exhaust ventilation does not exceed 20 m³/min/m² (65 ft³/min/ft²) of degreaser open area, unless a higher rate is necessary to meet OSHA requirements; and

30.3.2.m. Provide a permanent, conspicuous label, summarizing the operating procedures of paragraphs 30.3.2.d. through 30.3.2.l..

30.3.3. Conveyorized degreasers. -- Except as provided under subdivision 30.1.2., the owner or operator of a conveyorized degreaser shall:

30.3.3.a. Use no workplace fans near the degreaser opening, and ensure that exhaust ventilation does not exceed 20 m³/min/m² (65 ft³/min/ft²) of degreaser opening, unless a higher rate is necessary to meet OSHA requirements;

30.3.3.b. Install one of the following control devices:

30.3.3.b.1. Refrigerated chiller;

30.3.3.b.2. Carbon adsorption system, with ventilation greater than or equal to 15 m³/min/m² (50 ft³/min/ft²) of air/vapor area (when downtime covers are open), and exhausting less than 25 ppm of solvent by volume averaged over a complete adsorption cycle; or

30.3.3.b.3. A system demonstrated to have a capture efficiency equivalent to or greater than the devices listed in subparagraph 30.3.3.b.1. or 30.3.3.b.2. and approved by the Secretary and the U.S. EPA.

30.3.3.c. Equip the cleaner with equipment, such as a drying tunnel or rotating (tumbling) basket, sufficient to prevent cleaned parts from carrying out solvent liquid or vapor;

30.3.3.d. Provide the following safety switches:

30.3.3.d.1. A condenser flow switch and thermostat that shut off the pump heat if the condenser coolant is either not circulating or too warm;

30.3.3.d.2. A spray safety switch which shuts off the spray pump or the conveyor if the vapor level drops more than 10 cm (4 in); and

30.3.3.d.3. A vapor level control thermostat that shuts off the pump heat when the vapor level rises too high;

30.3.3.e. Minimize openings during operation so that entrances and exits will silhouette workloads with an average clearance between the parts and the edge of the degreaser opening of less than 10 cm (4 in) or less than 10 percent of the width of the opening;

30.3.3.f. Provide downtime covers for closing off the entrance and exit during shutdown hours;

30.3.3.g. Minimize carryout emissions by:

30.3.3.g.1. Racking parts so that solvent will drain freely from parts and not be trapped; and

30.3.3.g.2. Maintaining the vertical conveyor speed at less than 3.3 m/min (11 ft/min);

30.3.3.h. Store waste solvent only in covered containers;

30.3.3.i. Repair solvent leaks immediately, or shut down the degreaser;

30.3.3.j. Operate the cleaner such that water cannot be visually detected in solvent exiting the water separator;

30.3.3.k. Place downtime covers over entrances and exits of the conveyorized degreaser at all times when the conveyors and exhausts are not being operated; and

30.3.3.l. Degrease only materials that are neither porous nor absorbent.

30.4. Test methods. -- Compliance with paragraphs 30.3.1.a. through 30.3.1.c., subparagraph 30.3.2.c.4., paragraphs 30.3.2.l. and 30.3.3.a., and subparagraph 30.3.3.b.2. shall be determined by applying the following test methods, which are found at 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A, as appropriate:

30.4.1. Methods 1-4 for determining flow rates;

30.4.2. Method 18 for determining gaseous organic compound emissions by gas chromatography;

30.4.3. Method 25 for determining total gaseous non-methane organic emissions as carbon;

30.4.4. Method 25A or 25B for determining total gaseous organic concentrations using flame ionization or non-dispersive infrared analysis; and

30.4.5. ASTM D323-72 for measuring solvent true vapor pressure.

30.5. Recordkeeping. -- Each owner or operator of a solvent metal cleaning source subject to this section 30. shall maintain the following records in a readily accessible location for at least 3 years and shall make these records available to the Secretary upon verbal or written request:

30.5.1. A record of central equipment maintenance, such as replacement of the carbon in a carbon adsorption unit.

30.5.2. The results of all tests conducted in accordance with the requirements in subsection 30.4.

30.6. Reporting. -- The owner or operator of any facility containing sources subject to this section 30. shall:

30.6.1. Comply with the initial compliance certification requirements of subsection 5.1.;

30.6.2. Comply with the requirements of subsection 5.2. regarding reports of excess emissions; and

30.6.3. Comply with the requirements of subsection 5.3. for excess emissions related to any control devices used to comply with subparagraphs 30.3.1.c.3., 30.3.2.c.4. or 30.3.2.c.5., and 30.3.3.b.2. or 30.3.3.b.3..

W. Va. Code R. § 45-21-30