Current through Register Vol. XLI, No. 50, December 13, 2024
Section 45-7A-2 - Visible Emission Test Procedures2.1.2.1.a. Tests to determine compliance with the visible emission standards of sections 3.1., 3.2., 3.3.b., 3.3.c., 3.4.b., 3.4.c., 3.5.d., 3.5.e., and 3.6. of 45CSR7 shall be determined in accordance with the following: 2.1.a.1. The opacity or Ringelmann number of emissions from manufacturing process operations shall be determined visually by a qualified observer.2.1.a.2. The observer qualified in accordance with section 2.1.a.3. shall use the following procedures for visually determining the opacity or Ringelmann numbers of emissions unless otherwise specified under sections 2.1.b. through 2.1.f. 2.1.a.2.A. The qualified observer shall stand at a distance sufficient to provide a clear view of the emissions with the sun oriented in the 140 degree sector to his back. Consistent with maintaining the above requirement, the observer shall, as much as possible, make his observations from a position such that his line of vision is approximately perpendicular to the plume direction, and when observing opacity of emissions from rectangular outlets (e.g. roof monitors, open baghouses, noncircular stacks), approximately perpendicular to the longer axis of the outlet. The observer's line of sight should not include more than one plume at a time when multiple stacks are involved, and in any case the observer should make his observations with his line of sight approximately perpendicular to the longer axis of such a set of multiple stacks (e.g. stub stacks on baghouses).2.1.a.2.B. The observer shall record the name of the plant, emission location, type facility, observer's name and title, and the date on a field data sheet. The time, estimated distance to the emission location, approximate wind direction, estimated wind speed, description of the sky condition (presence and color of clouds), and plume background are recorded on a field data sheet at the time opacity readings are initiated and completed.2.1.a.2.C. Opacity observations shall be made at the point of greatest opacity in that portion of the plume where condensed water vapor is not present. The observer shall not look continuously at the plume, but instead shall observe the plume momentarily at fifteen (15) second intervals.2.1.a.2.C.1. When condensed water vapor is present within the plume as it emerges from the emission outlet, opacity observations shall be made beyond the point in the plume at which condensed water vapor is no longer visible. The observer shall record the approximate distance from the emission outlet to the point in the plume at which the observations are made.2.1.a.2.C.2. When water vapor in the plume condenses and becomes visible at a distinct distance from the emission outlet, the opacity of emissions should be evaluated at the emission outlet prior to the condensation of water vapor and the formation of the steam plume.2.1.a.2.D. The minimum number of observations which must be taken is to be determined in accordance with sections 2.1.b. through 2.1.f.2.1.a.3. Observers shall be certified in accordance with 40 CFR, Part 60, Appendix A, Method 9, Section 3, as published on July 1, 1997.2.1.b. Compliance with the visible emission standards of sections 3.1. and 3.2. of 45CSR7 shall be determined in accordance with the following: 2.1.b.1. Each visible emission observed shall be deemed to represent the visible emissions for a fifteen (15) second period.2.1.b.2. Visible emissions observations shall not be averaged.2.1.c. Compliance with visible emissions standards of sections 3.3. and 3.4. of 45CSR7 for by-product coke production facilities shall be determined in accordance with the following: 2.1.c.1. Charging. Observation of charging emissions shall be made from any point or points on the topside of a coke oven battery from which an observer can obtain an unobstructed view of the charging operation. The observer shall determine and record the total number of seconds that charging emissions are visible during the charging of coal to the coke oven. The observer shall time the visible charging emissions with a stopwatch while observing the charging operation. Simultaneous emissions from more than one emission point shall be timed and recorded as one emission and shall not be added individually to the total time. Charging emissions include any emissions observed after all the charging port covers have been firmly seated following the removal of the larry car, such as emissions occurring when a cover is briefly removed to permit the sweep-in of spilled coal. The total number of seconds of visible emissions observed, clock time for the initiation and completion of the charging operation, battery identification and oven number for each charge shall be recorded by the observer. In the event that observations of emissions from a charge are interrupted due to events beyond the control of observer, the data from that charge shall be invalidated and the observer shall note on his observation sheet the reason for invalidating the data. The observer shall then resume observation of the next consecutive charge or charges and continue until he has obtained a set of consecutive charges for comparison with the emission standard. The charge immediately preceding the interrupted charge and the charge immediately following the interrupted charge shall constitute consecutive charges. Compliance shall be determined by summing the seconds of charging emissions observed during all combinations of the four consecutive charges, as appropriate. Any one charge may be included in only one set of consecutive charges.
2.1.c.2. Doors. Observations of door area emissions shall be made from a minimum distance of twenty-five (25) feet from each door. Each door shall be observed in sequence for only that period necessary to determine whether or not, at the time, there are visible emissions from any point on the door while the observer walks along the side of the battery. If the observer's view of a door area is more than momentarily obstructed, as, for example, by door machinery, pushing machinery, coke guide, luter truck, or opaque steam plumes, he shall record the door obstructed and the nature of the obstruction and continue the observations with the next door area in sequence which is not obstructed. The observer shall continue this procedure along the entire length of the battery for both sides and shall record the battery identification, battery side and oven door identification number of each door area exhibiting visible emissions. Before completing the traverse or immediately thereafter he shall attempt to observe those doors which were obstructed from view previously. Compliance with this section shall be calculated by application of the following formula which excludes two door areas representing the last oven charged from the numerator and obstructed door areas from the denominator:
a-2
-------- x 100 = _________%
b-c
Where,
a= # of door areas in operating ovens with visible emissions b= # of door areas on operating ovens in the battery c= # of door areas obstructed from view
Doors under a shed are considered obstructed doors and must be excluded from the denominator of the formula.
2.1.c.3. Topside. 2.1.c.3.A. Charging Ports. Observations of any visible emissions from the charging ports shall be made and recorded during the time an observer walks the topside of a battery from one end to the other. Each oven shall be observed in sequence. The observer may also observe offtake piping leaks during this traverse of the battery. The observer shall record the battery identification, the points of emissions from each oven, the oven number and whether an oven was dampered off. Compliance shall be determined by application of the following formula which excludes the charging ports representing the last oven charged from the numerator and charging ports on operating dampered off ovens with visible emissions not to exceed three (3) ovens from both the numerator and the denominator:(a)-(b + c)
-------------- x 100 = _______%
d-c
Where,
a= # of charging ports on operating ovens with visible emissions b= # of charging ports on last oven charged with visible emissions c= # of charging ports on operating dampered off ovens with visible emissions not to exceed three (3) ovens d= # of charging ports on operating ovens
2.1.c.3.B. Offtake Piping. Observations of any visible emissions from the offtake piping shall be made traversing the topside of the battery near the centerline. During the traverse, the observer may stray from near the centerline of the battery and walk as close as possible to the offtake piping to determine whether an observed emission is emanating from the offtake piping. The observer shall traverse the battery once per each collector main. Therefore, to observe a battery with two collector mains, one observer may traverse the battery in one direction for one offtake system and traverse the battery in the other direction for the second offtake system or two observers can traverse in sequence. An observer may also observe charging port emissions during this traverse of the battery. The observer shall record the battery identification, the points of offtake piping emission from any oven, the oven number and whether an oven was dampered off. Compliance shall be determined by application of the following formula which excludes the offtake piping on operating dampered off ovens with visible emissions, not to exceed three (3) ovens, from both the numerator and the denominator:
a-b
--------- x 100 = _______%
c-b
Where,
a= # of offtake piping with visible emissions on operating ovens b= # of offtake piping with visible emissions on operating dampered off ovens not to exceed three (3) ovens c= # of offtake piping on operating ovens
2.1.c.4. Pushing.2.1.c.4.A. Visible emissions from the pushing operation shall be determined in accordance with the following: 2.1.c.4.A.1. In making observations of any pushing emission control device outlet, the observer shall be positioned in accordance with section 2.1.a.2.A., except that if the sky is overcast the observer need not position himself with his back to the sun.2.1.c.4.A.2. The average of six (6) consecutive observations beginning with the movement of coke into the coke guide shall be used to determine the visible emissions from each pushing operation. In the event that six (6) readings cannot be obtained during the pushing operation, the compliance determination shall be based upon the number of readings that can be recorded. An average opacity of the readings obtained during the pushing operation in excess of twenty percent (20%) shall constitute a violation for that pushing operation.2.1.c.4.A.3. Any observation recorded during the transport of hot coke in an enclosed quench car that exceeds twenty percent (20%) opacity shall constitute a violation. Any observation recorded during the transport of hot coke in an unenclosed quench car that exceeds ten percent (10%) opacity shall constitute a violation. Additional observations beyond the first recorded observation to exceed twenty percent (20%) opacity in the case of an enclosed quench car or ten percent (10%) opacity in the case of an unenclosed quench car shall not constitute additional violations during one pushing operation, but shall constitute evidence of the gravity of the individual violation during that pushing operation. Transport emissions shall be considered to occur when the quench car begins to move toward the quench tower after the coke mass ceases to fall into the quench car.2.1.c.4.B. In viewing the pushing operation, the observer shall stand on the coke side of the battery where a clear view of the push can be obtained. This generally should be a location on the ground, in the coke side yard, outside the hot car tracks. The observer is not restricted to the ground level, but may make the observation from some elevated level. The observer's line of sight should be approximately perpendicular to the line of travel of the quench car.2.1.c.4.C. During the pushing operation, the reader(s) shall observe all the pushing emissions including, but not limited to, uncaptured emissions from the cokeguide and pushing emission control device, stack emissions, and uncaptured emissions from quench cars.2.1.d. Compliance with the visible emission standards of section 3.5 of 45CSR7 for non-recovery coke production facilities shall be determined in accordance with the following: 2.1.d.1. Charging. Observation of charging emissions shall be made from any point or points near or on the coke oven battery from which an observer can obtain an unobstructed view of the charging operation. The observer shall determine and record the total number of seconds that charging emissions are visible during the charging of coal to the coke oven. The observer shall time the visible charging emissions with a stopwatch while observing the charging operation. Simultaneous charging emissions from more than one emission point, other than the battery stack, shall be timed and recorded as one emission and shall not be added individually to the total time. Charging emissions shall not include any emissions observed after all the charging port covers or oven doors have been firmly seated following completion of the charging and the removal of the oven charging machinery. The total number of seconds, of visible emissions observed, clock time for the initiation and completion of the charging operation, battery identification and oven number for each charge shall be recorded by the observer. In the event that observation of emissions from a charge are interrupted due to events beyond the control of observer, the data from that charge shall be invalidated and the observer shall note on his observation sheet the reason for invalidating the data.
The observer shall then resume observation of the next consecutive charge or charges and continue until he has obtained a set of consecutive charges for comparison with the emission standard. The charge immediately preceding the interrupted charge and the charge immediately following the interrupted charge shall constitute consecutive charges. Compliance shall be determined by summing the seconds of charging emission observed during all combinations of the five (5) consecutive charges, as appropriate. Any one charge may be included in only one set of consecutive charges.
2.1.d.2. Doors/charging Ports. Each door or charging port shall be observed in sequence for only that period necessary to determine whether or not, at the time, there are visible emissions from the charging port or any point on the door while the observer walks along the side or top of the battery. If the observer's view of a charging port/door area is more than momentarily obstructed, as, for example, by door machinery, oven charging/machinery, or opaque steam plumes, he shall record the identification number of the charging port or door obstructed and the nature of the obstruction and continue the observations with the next charging port or door area in sequence which is not obstructed. The observer shall continue this procedure along the entire length of the battery, for both sides in the case of doors, and shall record the battery identification, battery side and oven door or charging port identification number of each door area or charging port exhibiting visible emissions. Before completing the traverse or immediately thereafter he shall attempt to observe those doors or charging ports which were obstructed from view previously.
Compliance with this section shall be calculated by application of the following formula:
a
-------- x 100 = _______%
b-c
Where,
a= # of door areas or charging ports on operating ovens with visible emissions b= # of door areas or charging ports on operating ovens in the battery c= $ of door areas or charging ports obstructed from view
Doors under a shed are considered obstructed doors and are to be excluded from the denominator of the formula.
2.1.d.3. Pushing. 2.1.d.3.A. Visible emissions from the pushing operation shall be determined in accordance with the following: 2.1.d.3.A.1. In making observations of any pushing emission control devices outlet, the observer shall be positioned in accordance with section 1(A) 2(a), except that if the sky is overcast the observer need not position himself with his back to the sun.2.1.d.3.A.2. The average of six (6) consecutive readings beginning with the movement of coke into the coke guide shall be used to determine the visible emissions from each pushing operation. In the event that six readings cannot be obtained during the pushing operation, the compliance determination shall be based upon the number of readings that can be recorded. An average opacity of the readings obtained during the pushing operation in excess of twenty percent (20%) shall constitute a violation for that pushing operation.2.1.d.3.A.3. Any observation recorded during the transport of hot coke in an enclosed quench car that exceeds twenty percent (20%) opacity shall constitute a violation. Any observation recorded during the transport of hot coke in an unenclosed quench car that exceeds ten percent (10%) opacity shall constitute a violation. Additional observations beyond the first recorded observation to exceed twenty percent (20%) opacity in the case of an enclosed quench car or ten percent (10%) opacity in the case of an unenclosed quench car shall not constitute additional violations during one pushing operation, but shall constitute evidence of the gravity of the individual violation during that pushing operation. Transport emissions shall be considered to occur when the quench car begins to move toward the quench tower after the coke mass ceases to fall into the quench car.2.1.d.3.B. In viewing the pushing operation, the observer shall stand on the coke side of the battery where a clear view of the push can be obtained. This generally should be a location on the ground, in the coke side yard, outside the hot car tracks. The observer is not restricted to the ground level, but may make the observation from some elevated level. The observer's line of sight should be approximately perpendicular to the line of travel of the quench car.2.1.d.3.C. During the pushing operation, the observer(s) shall observe all the pushing emissions including, but not limited to, uncaptured emissions from quench cars.2.1.e. Compliance with the visible emission standards of section 3.6(a) of 45CSR7 for basic oxygen process roof monitors shall be determined in accordance with the following: 2.1.e.1. Averaging of visible emissions observations shall only be applied to visible emissions from the basic oxygen furnace building occurring during the three (3) minute exception period. Each opacity observation that is recorded shall be deemed to represent the opacity of emissions for a fifteen (15) second period. Only twelve (12) observations in any sixty (60) minute period shall exceed twenty percent (20%) opacity. Thirteen (13) observations recorded to be greater than twenty percent (20%) opacity in any sixty (60) minute period shall constitute a violation in and for that sixty (60) minute period. Additional observations beyond the thirteenth (13th) recorded to be greater than twenty percent (20%) opacity in any sixty (60) minute period shall not constitute additional violations, but shall constitute evidence of the gravity of the individual violation in that sixty (60) minute period. An average opacity of the highest twelve (12) observations for any sixty (60) minute period exceeding forty percent (40%) shall also constitute a violation in and for that sixty (60) minute period. Any observation may be counted in only one sixty (60) minute period. There may be only one violation per sixty (60) minute period.2.1.e.2. If the sky is overcast, the observer need not follow the requirement about positioning his back to the sun.2.1.e.3. If the source is emitting from the roof monitor and another point in the building, the reader may read the most opaque plume. If he reads the plume at a point other than the roof monitor, he shall follow the procedure set out above and he must note the location of the plume and its opacity on the observation sheet.2.1.f. Compliance with the visible emission standards of section 3.6.b. of 45CSR7 for blast furnace casthouses shall be determined in accordance with the following: 2.1.f.1. Averaging of visible emissions observations shall only be applied to visible emissions from blast furnace casthouses occurring during the five (5) minute exception period. Each opacity observation that is recorded shall be deemed to represent the opacity of emissions for a fifteen (15) second period. Only twenty (20) observations in any sixty (60) minute period shall exceed twenty percent (20%) opacity. Twenty-one (21) observations recorded to be greater than twenty percent (20%) opacity in any sixty (60) minute period shall constitute a violation in and for that sixty (60) minute period. Additional observations beyond the twenty-first (21st) recorded to be greater than twenty percent (20%) opacity in any sixty (60) minute period shall not constitute additional violations, but shall constitute evidence of the gravity of the individual violation in that sixty (60) minute period. An average opacity of the highest twenty (20) observations in any sixty (60) minute period exceeding forty percent (40%)shall also constitute a violation in and for that sixty (60) minute period. Any observation may be counted in only one sixty (60) minute period. There may be only one violation per sixty (60) minute period.2.1.f.2. If the sky is overcast,the observer need not follow the requirement about positioning his back to the sun.2.1.f.3. If the source is emitting from the roof monitor and another point in the building or casthouse, the observer may read the most opaque plume. If he reads the plume at a point other than the roof monitor, the observer shall follow the procedure set out above and he must note the location of the plume and its opacity on the observation sheet.