Section R309-535-8 - DeionizationCurrent practical methods of deionization include Ion Exchange, Reverse Osmosis and Electrodialysis. Additional methods of deionization may be approved subject to the presentation of evidence of satisfactory reliability.
All properly developed groundwater sources having water quality exceeding 2,000 mg/l Total Dissolved Solids and/or 500 mg/l Sulfate shall be either properly diluted or treated by the methods outlined in this section. Deionization cannot be considered a substitute process for conventional complete treatment outlined in R309-525.
(1) Ion Exchange. (a) General. Great care shall be taken by the designer to avoid loading the media with water high in organics.
(b) Design. (i) Pretreatment shall be provided per the manufacturer's recommendation.(ii) Upflow or down flow units are acceptable.(iii) Exchangers shall have at least a three foot media depth.(iv) Exchangers shall be designed to meet the recommendations of the media manufacturer with regard to flow rate or contact time. In any case, flow shall not exceed seven gpm/sf of bed area. The plant shall be provided with an influent or effluent meter as well as a meter on any bypass line.(v) Chemical feeders used shall conform with R309-525-8. All solution tanks shall be covered.(vi) Regenerants added shall be uniformly distributed over the entire media surface of upflow or downflow units. Regeneration shall be according to the media manufacturer's recommendations.(vii) The wash rate capability shall be in excess of the manufacturer's recommendation and should be at least six to eight gpm/sf of bed area.(viii) Disinfection (see R309-520) shall be required ahead of the exchange units where this does not interfere with the media. Where disinfection interferes with the media, disinfection shall follow the treatment process.
(c) Waste Disposal. Waste generated by ion exchange treatment shall be disposed of in accordance with R309-525-23.
(2) Reverse Osmosis. (a) General. The design shall permit the easy exchange of modules for cleaning or replacement.
(b) Design Criteria. (i) Pretreatment shall be provided per the manufacturer's recommendation.(ii) Required equipment includes the following items: pressure gauges on the upstream and downstream side of the filter; a conductivity meter present at the site; taps for sampling permeate, concentrate and blended flows (if practiced). If a continuous conductivity meter is permanently installed, piping shall be such that the meter can be disconnected and calibrated with standard solutions at a frequency as recommended by the manufacturer.(iii) Aeration, if practiced, shall conform with provisions of R309-535-9.(iv) Cleaning shall be routinely done in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.(v) Where the feed water pH is altered, stabilization of the finished water is mandatory.(c) Waste Disposal. Waste generated by reverse osmosis treatment shall be disposed of in accordance with R309-525-23.
(3) Electrodialysis. (b) Design. (i) Pretreatment shall be provided per the manufacturers recommendation.(ii) The design shall include ability to: measure plant flow rates; measure feed temperature if the water is heated (a high temperature automatic cutoff is required to prevent membrane damage); measure D.C voltage at the first and second stages as well as on each of the stacks. Sampling taps shall be provided to measure the conductivity of the feed water, blowdown water, and product water. D.C. and A.C. kilowatt-hour meters to record the electricity used shall also be provided.(c) Waste Disposal. Waste generated by electrodialysis treatment shall be disposed of in accordance with R309-525-23.
Utah Admin. Code R309-535-8