Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. 1200-03-16-.39

Current through December 10, 2024

Section 1200-03-16-.39 - GRAPHIC ARTS INDUSTRY: PUBLICATION ROTOGRAVURE PRINTING

(1) Applicability.

(a) Except as provided in subparagraph (b) of this paragraph, the affected facility to which the provisions of this rule apply is each publication rotogravure printing press.

(b) The provisions of this rule do not apply to proof presses.

(c) Any facility under subparagraph (a) of this paragraph that commences construction, modification, or reconstruction after November 6, 1988 is subject to the requirements of this rule.

(2) Definitions and notations.

(a) Definitions.

1. "Automatic temperature compensator" means a device that continuously senses the temperature of fluid flowing through a metering device and automatically adjusts the registration of the measured volume to the corrected equivalent volume at a base temperature.

2. "Base temperature" means an arbitrary reference temperature for determining liquid densities or adjusting the measured volume of a liquid quantity.

3. "Density" means the mass of a unit volume of liquid, expressed as grams per cubic centimeter, kilograms per liter, or pounds per gallon, at a specified temperature.

4. "Gravure cylinder" means a printing cylinder with an intaglio image consisting of minute cells or indentations specially engraved or etched into the cylinder's surface to hold ink when continuously revolved through a fountain of ink.

5. "Performance averaging period" means 30 calendar days, one calendar month, or four consecutive weeks as specified in paragraphs of this rule.

6. "Proof press" means any device used only to check the quality of the image formation of newly engraved or etched gravure cylinders and prints only nonsaleable items.

7. "Publication rotogravure printing press" means any number of rotogravure printing units capable of printing simultaneously on the same continuous web or substrate and includes any associated device for continuously cutting and folding the printed web, where the following saleable paper products are printed:

(i) Catalogues, including mail order and premium,

(ii) Direct mail advertisements, including circulars, letters, pamphlets, cards, and printed envelopes,

(iii) Display advertisements, including general posters, outdoor advertisements, car cards, window posters; counter and floor displays; point-of-purchase, and other printed display material,

(iv) Magazines,

(v) Miscellaneous advertisements, including brochures, pamphlets, catalogue sheets, circular folders, announcements, package inserts, book jackets, market circulars, magazine inserts, and shopping news,

(vi) Newspapers, magazine and comic supplements for newspapers, and preprinted newspaper inserts, including hi-fi and spectacolor rolls and sections,

(vii) Periodicals, and

(viii) Telephone and other directories, including business reference services.

8. "Raw ink" means all purchased ink.

9. "Related coatings" means all non-ink purchased liquids and liquid-solid mixtures containing VOC solvent, usually referred to as extenders or varnishes, that are used at publication rotogravure printing presses.

10. "Rotogravure printing unit" means any device designed to print one color ink on one side of a continuous web or substrate using a gravure cylinder.

11. "Solvent-borne ink systems" means ink and related coating mixtures whose volatile portion consists essentially of VOC solvent with not more than five weight percent water, as applied to the gravure cylinder.

12. "Solvent recovery system" means an air pollution control system by which VOC solvent vapors in air or other gases are captured and directed through a condenser(s) or a vessel(s) containing beds of activated carbon or other adsorbents. For the condensation method, the solvent is recovered directly from the condenser. For the adsorption method, the vapors are adsorbed, then desorbed by steam or other media, and finally condensed and recovered.

13. "VOC" means volatile organic compound.

14. "VOC solvent" means an organic liquid or liquid mixture consisting of VOC components.

15. "Waterborne ink systems" means ink and related coating mixtures whose volatile portion consists of a mixture of VOC solvent and more than five weight percent water, as applied to the gravure cylinder.

(b) Symbols.

DB = the density at the base temperature of VOC solvent used or recovered during one performance averaging period.

Dci = the density of each color of raw ink and each related coating (i) used at the subject facility (or facilities), at the coating temperature when the volume of coating used is measured.

Ddi = the density of each VOC solvent (i) added to the ink for dilution at the subject facility (or facilities), at the solvent temperature when the volume of solvent used is measured.

Dgi = the density of each VOC solvent (i) used as a cleaning agent at the subject facility (or facilities), at the solvent temperature when the volume of cleaning solvent used is measured.

Dhi = the density of each quantity of water (i) added at the subject facility (or facilities) for dilution of waterborne ink systems at the water temperature when the volume of dilution water used is measured.

Dmi = the density of each quantity of VOC solvent and miscellaneous solvent-borne waste inks and waste VOC solvents (i) recovered from the subject facility (or facilities), at the solvent temperature when the volume of solvent recovered is measured.

Doi = the density of the VOC solvent contained in each raw ink and related coating (i) used at the subject facility (or facilities), at the coating temperature when the volume of coating used is measured.

Dwi = the density of the water contained in each waterborne raw ink and related coating (i) used at the subject facility (or facilities), at the coating temperature when the volume of coating used is measured.

Lci = the measured liquid volume of each color of raw ink and each related coating (i) used at the facility of a corresponding VOC content, Voi or Woi, with a VOC density, Doi, and a coating density Dci.

Ldi = the measured liquid volume of each VOC solvent (i) with corresponding density Ddi, added to dilute the ink used at the subject facility (or facilities).

Lgi = the measured liquid volume of each VOC solvent (i) used as a cleaning agent at the subject facility (or facilities), at the solvent temperature when the volume of cleaning solvent used is measured.

Lhi = the measured liquid volume of each quantity of water (i) added at the subject facility (or facilities) for dilution of waterborne ink systems at the water temperature when the volume of dilution water used is measured.

Lmi = the measured liquid volume of each quantity of VOC solvent and miscellaneous solvent-borne waste inks and waste VOC solvents (i) recovered from the subject facility (or facilities), at the solvent temperature when the volume of solvent recovered is measured.

Lo = the corrected liquid volume of VOC in the raw inks and related coatings used.

Lt = the total corrected liquid volume of VOC used.

Lr = the total corrected liquid volume of VOC solvent recovered.

Mci = the mass, determined by direct weighing, of each color of raw ink and each related coating (i) used at the subject facility (or facilities).

Md = the mass, determined by direct weighing, of VOC solvent added to dilute the ink used at the subject facility (or facilities) during one performance averaging period.

Mg = the mass, determined by direct weighing, of VOC solvent used as a cleaning agent at the subject facility (or facilities) during one performance averaging period.

Mh = the mass, determined by direct weighing, of water added for dilution with waterborne ink systems used at the subject facility (or facilities) during one performance averaging period.

Mm = the mass, determined by direct weighing, of VOC solvent and miscellaneous solvent-borne waste inks and waste VOC solvents recovered from the subject facility (or facilities) during one performance averaging period.

Mo = the total mass of VOC solvent contained in the raw inks and related coatings used at the subject facility (or facilities) during one performance averaging period.

Mr = the total mass of VOC solvent recovered from the subject facility (or facilities) during one performance averaging period.

Mt = the total mass of VOC solvent used at the subject facility (or facilities) during one performance averaging period.

Mv = the total mass of water used with waterborne ink systems at the subject facility (or facilities) during one performance averaging period.

Mw = the total mass of water contained in the waterborne raw inks and related coatings used at the subject facility (or facilities) during one performance averaging period.

P = the average VOC emission percentage for the subject facility (or facilities) for one performance averaging period.

Pa = the average VOC emission percentage for the affected facility.

Pb = the average VOC emission percentage for both affected and existing facilities controlled in common by the same air pollution control equipment.

Pe = the average VOC emission percentage for the existing facility.

Pf = the average VOC emission percentage for all affected and existing facilities located within the same plant boundary.

Voi = the liquid VOC content, expressed as a volume fraction of VOC volume per total volume of coating, of each color of raw ink and related coating (i) used at the subject facility (or facilities).

Vwi = the water content, expressed as a volume fraction of water volume per total volume of coating, of each color of waterborne raw ink and related coating (i) used at the subject facility (or facilities).

Woi = the VOC content, expressed as a weight fraction of mass of VOC per total mass of coating, of each color of raw ink and related coating (i) used at the subject facility (or facilities).

Wwi = the water content, expressed as a weight fraction of mass of water per total mass of coating, of each color of waterborne raw ink and related coating (i) used at the subject facility (or facilities).

(c) Subscripts.

a = affected facility.

b = both affected and existing facilities controlled in common by the same air pollution control equipment.

e = existing facility. f = all affected and existing facilities located within the same plant boundary.

(3) Standard for volatile organic compounds.

During the period of the performance test required to be conducted by 1200-3-16-.01(5) and after the date required for completion of the test, no owner or operator subject to the provisions of this rule shall cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from any affected facility VOC equal to more than 16 percent of the total mass of VOC solvent and water used at that facility during any one performance averaging period. The water used includes only that water contained in the waterborne raw inks and related coatings and the water added for dilution with waterborne ink systems.

(4) Performance test and compliance provisions.

(a) The owner or operator of any affected facility (or facilities) shall conduct performance tests in accordance with 1200-3-16-.01(5) under the following conditions:

1. The performance averaging period for each test is 30 consecutive calendar days and not an average of three separate runs as prescribed under subparagraph 1200-3-16-.01(5)(f).

2. Except as provided under subparagraphs (f) and (g) of this paragraph, if affected facilities routinely share the same raw ink storage/handling system with existing facilities, then temporary measurement procedures for segregating the raw inks, related coatings, VOC solvent, and water used at the affected facilities must be employed during the test. For this case, an overall emission percentage for the combined facilities as well as for only the affected facilities must be calculated during the test.

3. For the purpose of measuring bulk storage tank quantities of each color of raw ink and each related coating used, the owner or operator of any affected facility shall install, calibrate, maintain, and continuously operate during the test one or more:

(i) Non-resettable totalizer metering device(s) for indicating the cumulative liquid volume used at each affected facility; or

(ii) Segregated storage tanks for each affected facility to allow determination of the liquid quantities used by measuring devices other than the press meters required under subpart (i) of this part; or

(iii) Storage tanks to serve more than one facility with the liquid quantities used determined by measuring devices other than press meters, if facilities are combined as described under subparagraph (d), (f) or (g) of this paragraph.

4. The owner or operator may choose to install an automatic temperature compensator with any liquid metering device used to measure the raw inks, related coatings, water or VOC solvent used, or VOC solvent recovered.

5. Records of the measured amounts used at the affected facility and the liquid temperature at which the amounts were measured are maintained for each shipment of all purchased material or on at least a weekly basis for:

(i) The raw inks and related coatings used;

(ii) The VOC and water content of each raw ink and related coatings used as determined according to paragraph (6) of this rule;

(iii) The VOC solvent and water added to the inks used;

(iv) The VOC solvent used as a cleaning agent; and

(v) The VOC solvent recovered.

6. The density variations with temperature of the raw inks, related coatings, VOC solvents used, and VOC solvent recovered are determined by the methods stipulated in subparagraph (6)(d) of this rule.

7. The calculated emission percentage may be reported as rounded-off to the nearest whole number.

8. Printing press startups and shutdowns are not included in the exemption provisions under 1200-3-16-.01(5)(c). Frequent periods of press startups and shutdowns are normal operations and constitute representative conditions for the purpose of a performance test.

(b) If an affected facility uses waterborne ink systems or a combination of waterborne and solvent-borne ink systems with a solvent recovery system, compliance is determined by the following procedures, except as provided in subparagraphs (d), (e), (f), and (g) of this paragraph.

1. The mass of VOC in the solvent-borne and waterborne raw inks and related coatings used is determined by the following equation: