N.J. Admin. Code § 7:7-15.4

Current through Register Vol. 56, No. 24, December 18, 2024

Section 7:7-15.4 - Energy facility

(a) Energy facilities include facilities, plants or operations for the production, conversion, exploration, development, distribution, extraction, processing, or storage of energy or fossil fuels. Energy facilities also include onshore support bases and marine terminals. Energy facilities do not include operations conducted by a retail dealer, such as a gas station, which is considered a commercial development.

(b) Standards relevant to siting of new energy facilities, including all associated development activities, are as follows:

1. Energy facilities shall not be sited in special areas as defined at N.J.A.C. 7:7-9.1 through 9.40, 9.42, and 9.44, and marine fish and fisheries areas defined at N.J.A.C. 7:7-16.2, unless site-specific information demonstrates that such facilities will not result in adverse impacts to these areas;

2. Except for water dependent energy facilities, energy facilities shall be sited at least 500 feet inland of the mean high water line of tidal waters in the following areas:

i. The CAFRA area; and

ii. The Western Ocean, Southern, Mullica Southern Ocean, Great Egg Harbor River, and Delaware Estuary regions, as defined at N.J.A.C. 7:7-13.6(d);

3. Notwithstanding (b)2 above, wind and solar energy facilities, including blades, towers and site disturbance shall be sited at least 50 feet inland of the mean high water line of tidal waters, excluding manmade lagoons and manmade ditches, in the areas identified at (b)2i and ii above, except for the following:

i. A wind energy facility that meets N.J.A.C. 7:7-9.47(c)5;

ii. A wind energy facility that meets (b)3ii(1) and (2) below. The Department shall limit approvals under this subparagraph to ensure that the cumulative number of wind turbines approved does not exceed five, each with a power rating as determined by the manufacturer of five megawatts or less, or six, each with a power rating as determined by the manufacturer of four megawatts or less. The wind energy facility shall be:

(1) Located in the Atlantic Ocean within State waters between latitude 39 degrees 55 minutes 56 seconds N (offshore of Seaside Park) and latitude 39 degrees 01 minute 58 seconds N (offshore of Stone Harbor); and

(2) No closer than 2.5 nautical miles to the mean high water line; or

iii. A wind energy facility located on a pier provided the facility is an accessory use to the other uses of, or purposes for, the pier;

4. Public access shall be provided in accordance with the lands and waters subject to public trust rights rule, N.J.A.C. 7:7-9.48, and the public access rule, N.J.A.C. 7:7-16.9; and

5. The scenic and visual qualities of coastal areas shall be maintained as important public resources in the siting of energy facilities, pursuant to N.J.A.C. 7:7-16.10.

(c) Coastal energy facilities construction and operation shall not directly or indirectly result in net loss of employment in the State for any single year.

1. Coastal energy facility construction and operation which results in loss of 200 or more person-years of employment in jobs in New Jersey directly or indirectly related to the State's coastal tourism industry in any single year is prohibited.

2. Rationale: Coastal energy facilities provide social and economic benefits to New Jersey and the nation by contributing to provision of energy, by purchasing materials and equipment, and by providing employment through facility construction and operation. However, energy facilities also can have an impact on the environment. Certain facility related environmental changes are perceived by travelers as reduced recreational resources. When travelers respond to loss of recreational resources by leaving the New Jersey shorefront for alternative recreational opportunities, their expenditures are lost from the New Jersey economy. The Coastal Zone Management Rules are intended to assure that the net employment and economic impact for New Jersey of coastal energy facility development will not be negative and that energy facilities will be located such that impacts on the local tourism industry will not be excessive.

(d) Standards relevant to Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) oil and gas exploration and development are as follows:

1. Exploration of the Mid-Atlantic, North Atlantic, and other offshore areas with potential reserves of oil and natural gas is discouraged, as long as there are other viable alternatives with less or no environmental threats to the coastal environment, including energy conservation, which have not been fully explored. Should exploration occur and commercially recoverable amounts of oil or natural gas be found, development and production of offshore hydrocarbons shall be carried out according to the specific energy facility policies of this section.

2. Rationale: See the OAL Note at the beginning of this subchapter.

(e) Standards relevant to onshore support bases are as follows:

1. New or expanded onshore support bases and marine terminals to support offshore oil and gas exploration, development, and production (including, but not limited to, facilities for work boats, crew boats and helicopters, pipelaying barges, pipeline jet barges, ocean-going tugs, anchor handling vessels, and limited, short-term storage facilities) are encouraged at locations in the Urban Area, Delaware River and Northern Waterfront regions and discouraged in the CAFRA area.

i. Preferable locations for water-dependent onshore support bases include urban waterfront areas, where onshore adverse physical, economic, and institutional impacts will be less than the impacts likely to be placed on less industrially developed areas which are more dependent upon tourism and the resort industry.

ii. Small facilities for storing oil spill containment and cleanup equipment for offshore operations, and emergency crew transport facilities, including crew boat operations, will, however, be acceptable along the Atlantic Ocean or Delaware Bay where such a location would facilitate and expedite offshore emergency operations.

2. Rationale: Offshore exploratory activity began off New Jersey in the Baltimore Canyon on March 29, 1978, but did not result in well production. If exploratory drilling is successful in the future, the offshore oil and gas industry is likely to seek onshore support bases in New Jersey. Because of shallow inlets in the CAFRA area, few locations in this part of New Jersey meet industry's siting requirements or are suitable for such facilities. This policy recognizes that the New Jersey coast is favored by proximity to potential offshore tracts as a site for onshore staging bases, and carries out the basic policy to concentrate rather than disperse industrial development in the coastal zone.

(f) Standards relevant to platform fabrication yards and module construction are as follows:

1. Platform fabrication yards and module construction are encouraged in the Urban Area, Delaware River and Northern Waterfront regions, which have the requisite acreage, adequate industrial infrastructure, ready access to the open sea, and adequate water depth, and where the operation of such a yard would not alter existing recreational uses of the ocean and waterways in the areas. They are discouraged elsewhere in the coastal zone.

2. Rationale: The development phase of OCS activity in the Mid-Atlantic may require additional platform construction yards. The need for such facilities is dependent on the long term DCS development in frontier areas of the Atlantic Coast and the worldwide demand for such structures. However, platform construction yards require large tracts of land and are labor intensive. The operation of a platform construction yard could severely disrupt the economy and social fabric of less developed communities and areas. For these reasons, offshore platform construction yards are encouraged to seek locations in the already developed areas of the New Jersey coast. However, the height restrictions of bridges on certain other New Jersey waterways may sharply limit the suitability of sites in New Jersey. Existing under-utilized shipyards may be used, however, for platform module construction.

(g) Standards relevant to repair and maintenance facilities are as follows:

1. Repair and maintenance facilities for vessels and equipment for offshore activities are encouraged in the Urban Area, Delaware River, and Northern Waterfront regions. Repairs can be accommodated on an emergency basis in existing ship repair facilities in the CAFRA area, but not on a continual, long-term basis.

2. Rationale: Ship repair yards presently exist in the developed coastal areas and should be utilized by DCS vessels that will be based in the same portion of the coast. Small shipyards within the CAFRA area can serve valuable repair functions on an emergency basis because of their proximity to the offshore leased areas. Utilization of repair yards in this region on a continuing basis, however, is not encouraged because of the problems in meeting the DCS vessel draft requirements and because of possible conflicts with recreational vessels.

(h) Standards relevant to pipe coating yards

1. Pipe coating yards are discouraged in the CAFRA area and encouraged in the Port of New York and New Jersey and the Port of Camden and Philadelphia.

2. Rationale: Pipe coating yards constitute an industrial activity that is generally incompatible with the suburban and rural character of the CAFRA area. Further, pipe coating yards typically require 100-150 acres, and wharf space with a preferred depth at the wharf of20 to 30 feet. These siting requirements suggest that highly industrial port areas are preferred locations.

(i) Standards relevant to pipelines and associated facilities are as follows:

1. Crude oil and natural gas pipelines to bring hydrocarbons from offshore of the New Jersey coast to existing refineries, oil and gas transmission and distribution systems, and other new oil and natural gas pipelines are conditionally acceptable, provided:

i. For safety and conservation of resources, the number of pipeline corridors, including trunk pipelines for natural gas and oil, shall be limited, to the maximum extent feasible, and designated following appropriate study and analysis by interested Federal, State and local agencies, affected industries, and the general public;

ii. The pipeline corridors for landing oil or natural gas are to be located in or adjacent to existing already developed or disturbed road, railroad, pipeline, electrical transmission or other rightsofway, to the maximum extent practicable;

iii. Proposals to construct offshore oil and gas pipelines, originating on the Outer Continental Shelf, and all of the contemplated ancillary facilities along the pipeline route such as, for example, gas separation and dehydration facilities, gas processing plants, oil storage terminals, and oil refineries, will be evaluated in terms of the entire pipeline corridor through the State of New Jersey and its coastal waters;

iv. Pipeline corridors through the State coastal waters shall, to the maximum extent feasible, avoid offshore munitions, chemical and waste disposal areas, heavily used waterways, geological faults, wetlands and significant fish or shellfish habitats;

v. Pipelines shall be buried to a depth sufficient to minimize exposure by scouring, ship groundings, anchors, fishing and clamming and other potential obstacles on the sea floor. Trenching operations shall be conducted in accordance with applicable Federal regulations;

2. New major pumping stations and other ancillary facilities associated with offshore oil and gas pipelines, not specifically identified in this section, are discouraged in the CAFRA area and coastal waters;

3. Oil and gas pipeline related facilities shall provide adequate visual, sound, and vegetative buffers; and

4. Offshore platforms for pumping or compressor stations are encouraged to be located out of sight of the shoreline.

5. Rationale: New Jersey recognizes that pipelines, rather than other modes of surface transportation such as tankers and barges, are the preferred and more environmentally sound method of bringing crude oil and natural gas ashore from offshore wells. The impacts of pipelines are most evident during the construction phase. These effects and the visual, noise, and odor impacts which may be created by facilities associated with DCS pipelines, require that New Jersey proceed cautiously and prudently in selecting pipeline corridors, specific alignments, and locations for ancillary facilities.

(j) Standards relevant to gas separation and dehydration facilities are as follows:

1. For the purposes of this subsection, the following terms have the following meanings:

i. "Separation" means the removal of free liquids from a gas stream. Free liquids may be either hydrocarbon liquids (which may be processed into fuels such as ethane, butane (and propane) or free water.

ii. "Dehydration" means the removal of water vapor from the gas stream after separation of the liquid from the gas.

2. Separation and dehydration facilities are discouraged in the CAFRA area and coastal waters.

3. Separation and dehydration facilities shall:

i. Provide adequate visual, sound, and vegetative buffers; and

ii. Be reviewed as part of the overall proposed gas transportation system.

4. Rationale: It is anticipated that natural gas extracted from the Mid-Atlantic DCS will contain natural gas (mostly methane) and water, along with relatively small amounts of liquid hydrocarbons. Most of the water can be removed from the natural gas stream on the production platform. The liquid hydrocarbons, or condensate, will be returned to the gas stream downstream of gas measurement equipment on the platform and transported to shore with the gas in a single pipeline. The natural gas liquids and small amounts of water which reach landfill by the Pipeline must be separated from the gas stream before it reaches an existing interstate natural gas transmission line. This can, from a technological standpoint, occur at any point along the onshore corridor.

Separation/dehydration facilities essentially remove water, natural gas liquids, and other impurities from the gas stream. The natural gas liquids are temporarily stored in fixed-roof storage tanks with vapor recovery systems until transported offsite by rail, tank truck or pipeline to a gas processing plant. Water will be disposed of either by deep well injection or by trucking to an approved offsite disposal location.

Basic siting criteria requires up to 50 acres of fairly level land, with 20-30 acres intensively utilized and the remaining acreage serving as a buffer zone around the plant. Additionally, easy access to either highway and/or railroad facilities is desirable.

(k) Standards relevant to gas compressor stations are as follows:

1. "Compressor stations" are facilities located along natural gas pipelines which raise the pressure of the gas in order to transport the resource more efficiently and economically.

2. Compressor stations are encouraged to be located out of the sight of the shoreline on platforms in offshore waters. They are discouraged in the CAFRA area and coastal waters.

3. Rationale: The pressure of the gas at the well is driving force for pushing the gas through a pipeline to shore, and once ashore, to a connection with an existing interstate transmission line. In some cases, gas pressure at the well is sufficient to free flow the gas to shore.

Once ashore, the gas will continue through the pipeline to a separation and dehydration facility and then to the interstate transmission line. It is not expected that the pressure losses due to friction and presence of natural gas liquids and water in the gas stream will be sufficient to require compression of Mid-Atlantic natural gas. However, if they are required, it is feasible to place them anywhere along the pipeline corridor.

(l) Standards relevant to gas pigging facility are as follows:

1. A "pig" is a scraping tool that is forced through a pipeline to clean out accumulations of wax, scale, gas liquids or any foreign materials from the inside walls of the pipe. The pig is inserted offshore and would be removed at an onshore location called a "pigging facility."

2. A pigging facility, which may or may not be associated with a separation and dehydration facility, is discouraged in the CAFRA area. The need for and location of the facility will be reviewed within the context of the entire natural gas pipeline system.

3. Rationale: A pipeline must be periodically "pigged" in order to ensure its efficient operation and to safeguard against damage. Water and hydrocarbon vapor may condense as pressures drop along the length of a natural gas pipeline and may collect in low points in the pipeline. The condensate must be removed to maintain efficiency in the transmission of gas.

(m) Standards relevant to gas processing plants are as follows:

1. A "gas processing plant" is designed to recover liquifiable hydrocarbons from a gas stream before it enters a commercial transmission line. A gas processing facility may include treatment, recovery and fractionation equipment to separate the recovered liquid hydrocarbon stream into its various components including, for example, ethane, butane and propane.

2. Gas processing plants proposed for locations between the offshore pipeline landfall and interstate natural gas transmission lines shall be prohibited from sites within the CAFRA area and shall be located the maximum distance from the shoreline. The siting of gas processing plants will be reviewed in terms of the total pipeline routing system.

3. Rationale: Gas processing plants may be needed if commercially recoverable quantities of natural gas are found off New Jersey's shore.

These facilities, however, do not require locations on the shoreline. If the amount of liquids separated from the gas stream is minimal, the liquids can be trucked or transported by rail to existing facilities which could process these liquids. A gas processing plant may induce the location and/or expansion of chemical plants since gas and its byproducts often provide the feedstock for the petrochemical industry.

To promote the most efficient use of land, gas processing plants could be located close to existing interstate natural gas transmission pipelines. Alternatively, where natural gas is associated with oil and oil pipelines, gas processing plants should be located close to refineries to which the oil pipeline will be routed. Thus, gas processing plants which are economically and technically feasible and which do not exceed new source and performance standards regarding air and water quality are conditionally acceptable in the Delaware River and Northern Waterfront areas.

(n) Standards relevant to other gas related facilities are as follows:

1. Additional facilities related to a natural gas pipeline such as metering and regulating stations, odorization plants, and block valves are conditionally acceptable in the CAFRA area if adequate visual, sound, and vegetative buffer areas are provided.

2. Rationale: Certain ancillary facilities, in addition to pipeline, may be necessary to assure the safe, efficient and economical transportation of natural gas to shore. The impacts of these facilities will be evaluated in the overall analysis of the gas transportation system.

(o) Standards relevant to oil refineries and petrochemical facilities are as follows:

1. New oil refineries and petrochemical facilities are conditionally acceptable outside of the CAFRA area provided they are consistent with all applicable location and resource rules.

2. New oil refineries and petrochemical facilities outside the CAFRA area are encouraged to locate in established industrial areas accessible to their potential labor force and existing infrastructure.

3. New oil refineries and petrochemical facilities are prohibited in the CAFRA area.

4. Expansion in capacity of existing oil refineries and petrochemical facilities at existing sites, which are all located outside of the CAFRA area, will be acceptable if such expansion does not violate applicable State air and water quality standards.

5. Rationale: Refineries are large-scale industrial facilities that are neither coastal dependent nor compatible with the character of the Bay and Ocean Shore Region. However, new refineries or additions to existing refineries using advanced technology to control air and water pollution and other hazards could be compatible with existing development in the Delaware River Area or northern waterfront.

(p) Standards relevant to storage of crude oil, gases and other potentially hazardous liquid substances are as follows:

1. The storage of crude oil, gases and other potentially hazardous liquid substances as defined in N.J.A.C. 7:1E-1.1 under the Spill Compensation and Control Act (N.J.S.A. 58:10-23.11 et seq.) is prohibited on barrier islands and discouraged elsewhere in the CAFRA area.

2. The storage of crude oil, gases and other potentially hazardous liquid substances is conditionally acceptable in the Urban Area, Northern Waterfront and Delaware River regions if it is compatible with or adequately buffered from surrounding uses.

3. The storage of crude oil, gases and other potentially hazardous liquid substances is not acceptable where it would limit or conflict with a potential recreational use.

4. The storage of crude oil, gases and other potentially hazardous liquid substances is not acceptable along the water's edge unless the storage facility is supplied by ship, in which case it is acceptable on the filled water's edge provided the storage facility complies with (p)1, 2 and 3 above.

5. Rationale: Major storage facilities for potentially hazardous substances are not entirely coastal-dependent and will not be permitted where storage might limit or conflict with recreational or open space uses of the coast.

(q) Standards relevant to tanker terminals are as follows:

1. New or expanded tanker facilities are acceptable only in existing ports and harbors where the required channel depths exist to accommodate tankers.

i. Multicompany use of existing and new tanker terminals is encouraged in the Port of New York and New Jersey and the Port of Camden and Philadelphia, where adequate infrastructure exists to accommodate the secondary impacts which may be generated by such terminals, such as processing and storage facilities.

2. New tanker terminals are discouraged in areas not identified in (q)1 above.

3. Offshore tanker terminals and deepwater ports are discouraged.

4. Rationale: Onshore tanker facilities pose potential adverse environmental impacts and could encourage secondary development activity that is not necessarily coastal dependent. Also, even medium sized tankers require minimum channel depths of 30 feet, which excludes locations within the CAPRA area. New or expanded tanker terminals are therefore directed toward New Jersey's established port areas. Deepwater ports appear attractive to industry due to increasingly larger tankers, limitations on dredging and the scarcity of waterfront land. However, a deepwater port may, depending on its location, cause severe adverse primary and secondary impacts on the built, natural, and social environment.

(r) Standards relevant to electric generating stations are as follows:

1. New or expanded electric generating facilities (for base load, cycling, or peaking purposes) and related facilities are conditionally acceptable provided:

i. The proposed location and site design of the electric generating facility is the alternative which has the least practicable impacts to the coastal zone, based on a comparative evaluation of alternative sites within the coastal zone and inland.

ii. Fossil fuel (coal, oil or gas) and hydroelectric generating stations are discouraged in scenic or natural areas that are important to recreation and open space purposes.

iii. Nuclear generating stations shall be located in generally remote, rural, and low density areas, consistent with the criteria of 10 CFR 100 (United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission rules on siting nuclear generating stations) and/or any other related Federal regulations. In addition, the nuclear generating facility shall be located in an area where the appropriate low population zone and population center distance are likely to be maintained around the nuclear generating facility, through techniques such as land use controls or buffer zones.

iv. The construction and operation of a nuclear generating station shall not be approved unless the proposed method for disposal of the spent fuel to be produced by the facility will be safe, conforms to standards established by the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and will effectively remove danger to life and the environment from the radioactive waste material. This finding is required under present State law (N.J.S.A. 13:1911) and will be made consistent with judicial decisions (see Public Interest Research Group v. State of New Jersey, 152 N.J. Super. 191 (App. Div., certif. den., 75 N.J. 538 (1977)) and Federal law.

v. The cogeneration of electricity and process steam for industrial, community and commercial use is encouraged.

vi. The construction of electric generating facilities using renewable forms of energy such as solar radiation, wind, and water, including experimental and demonstration projects, is conditionally acceptable provided that such facilities do not significantly detract from scenic or recreational values, and for wind energy facilities, comply with (r)1vii and viii below.

vii. In order to minimize adverse effects on birds and bats, wind energy facilities located on land shall:

(1) For a wind turbine(s) 200 feet in height or taller or having a cumulative rotor swept area greater than 4,000 square feet on a site, be sited such that no portion of the wind turbine(s), including blades, towers, and site disturbance shall be located in the areas identified on the Department's Large Scale Wind Turbine Siting Map, dated August 8, 2009, incorporated by reference into this chapter. This map is available on the Department's interactive mapping website at http://www.nj.gov/dep/gis. The Department may revise the Large Scale Wind Turbine Siting Map in accordance with (r)3 below. The rotor swept area is the area of a circle delineated by the tips of the blades of the wind turbine for a horizontal axis wind turbine, and the area determined by multiplying the rotor radius times the rotor height times 3.14 for a vertical axis wind turbine;

(2) Have no light(s) placed on or directed at the wind turbine(s), except for lighting required by the Federal Aviation Administration. Shielded ground security lighting may be used. Lighting is shielded when it is covered in a way that light rays are not emitted above the horizontal plane of the light;

(3) Use a freestanding monopole tower if the wind turbine is more than 120 feet tall, measured from the ground surface to the tip of the blade at its highest position. Guy wires or lattice towers are prohibited for a wind turbine more than 120 feet in height;

(4) Perform pre and/or post construction monitoring in order to establish the flight patterns and distribution of avian species and bats and impacts of the operation of these facilities on these species. Information shall be gathered on species composition, abundance, distribution, behavior, and flight pattern heights, as well as collisions associated with wind turbine construction and/or operation. Pre and/or post construction monitoring is dependent upon the scope of the facility including the number, height, and rotor swept area of the turbines. Pre and post- construction monitoring may include visual, radar, and acoustic surveys. Post construction monitoring shall also include carcass searches as well as removal and efficiency trials. The Department has prepared a technical manual titled, "Technical Manual for Evaluating Wildlife Impacts of Wind Turbines Requiring Coastal Permits," which provides guidance on monitoring and reporting. The technical manual is available from the Department's Division of Land Use Regulation website http://www.nj.gov/dep/landuse; and

(5) Curtail operations of wind turbines, as directed by the Department pursuant to (r)1vii(5)(A) below, during peak spring (April through June) and fall (August through November) migration periods when migrating birds or bats would likely be flying at the height of the rotor swept area or be present at seasonally high densities throughout the entire air column. Such curtailment shall not exceed 360 hours in a calendar year per turbine that occurs within the normal range of operation of the turbine. Curtailment measures include establishing a minimum wind speed that must be achieved prior to starting operations and shutting down operations during certain weather conditions or migratory events. Weather conditions that may necessitate curtailment include low wind speeds, low altitude cloud cover, strong storms, or approaching weather fronts favorable to bird or bat migration (such as southerly winds in the spring or northwest winds in the fall). Migratory events that may necessitate curtailment include high concentrations of migrating birds and bats using the coastal area (for example, high concentrations of shorebirds making daily flights between coastal feeding areas, such as mudflats, and roosting areas during spring migration).

(A) Limitations on operation shall be developed by the Department based on monitoring results and published and unpublished studies or data. The Department shall notify the permittee in writing of the operational limitations by March 15th of the first year curtailment is required during the spring migration and by July 15th of the first year curtailment is required during the fall migration. These operational limitations shall remain in effect unless the Department notifies the permittee in writing by the above dates in subsequent years that changes to operational limitations are required. This information shall also be made available on the Department's website at http://www.nj.gov/dep/landuse.

viii. In order to minimize adverse effects on birds, bats, and marine organisms, wind energy facilities located in tidal waters shall:

(1) Have no light(s) placed on the wind turbine(s), except for lighting required by the Federal Aviation Administration and the United States Coast Guard. Shielded ground security lighting may be used. Lighting is shielded when it is covered in a way that light rays are not emitted above the horizontal plane of the light;

(2) Use a monopole tower or other tower design that does not provide perching or roosting opportunities or other obstructions to birds or bats;

(3) Perform a habitat evaluation, including species surveys, an impact assessment and post-construction monitoring in order to establish the movement corridors and distribution of avian species, bats, and marine organisms and impacts of the construction and/or operation of these facilities on these species. Information shall be gathered on species composition, abundance, distribution, behavior and, for avian species and bats, flight pattern heights, as well as collisions and behavioral changes associated with wind turbine construction and/or operation. The habitat evaluation, impact assessment, and post construction monitoring are dependent upon the scope of the facility including the number, height, and rotor swept area of the turbines. Habitat evaluations may include visual, radar, and acoustic surveys. Post construction monitoring may include visual surveys and other collision detection systems. Habitat evaluations, impact assessments, and post-construction monitoring and reporting requirements will be coordinated with the Department, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and National Marine Fisheries Service. The Department has prepared a technical manual titled, "Technical Manual for Evaluating Wildlife Impacts of Wind Turbines Requiring Coastal Permits," which provides guidance on habitat evaluations and assessments, monitoring, and reporting. The technical manual is available from the Department's Division of Land Use Regulation website http://www.nj.gov/dep/landuse; and

(4) Curtail operations of wind turbines, as directed by the Department pursuant to (r)1viii(4)(A) below, during peak spring (April through June) and fall (August through November) migration periods when migrating birds or bats would likely be flying at the height of the rotor swept area or be present at seasonally high densities throughout the entire air column. Such curtailment shall not exceed 360 hours in a calendar year per turbine that occurs within the normal range of operation of the turbine. Curtailment measures include establishing a minimum wind speed that must be achieved prior to starting operations and shutting down operations during certain weather conditions or migratory events. Weather conditions that may necessitate curtailment include low wind speeds, low altitude cloud cover, strong storms, or approaching weather fronts favorable to bird or bat migration (such as southerly winds in the spring or northwest winds in the fall). Migratory events that may necessitate curtailment include high concentrations of migrating birds and bats using the coastal area (for example, high concentrations of shorebirds making daily flights between coastal feeding areas, such as mudflats, and roosting areas during spring migration).

2. Conversion or modification of existing generating facilities for purposes of fuel efficiency, cost reduction, or national interest is conditionally acceptable provided it meets applicable State and Federal laws and standards.

3. The Large Scale Wind Turbine Siting Map identifies areas where large scale wind turbines cannot be constructed in accordance with (r)1vii(1) and N.J.A.C. 7:7-6.26 in order to minimize adverse effects on birds and bats. The Department may revise the Large Scale Wind Turbine Siting Map based on new information on species occurrence, new information on appropriate buffers, or new information on impacts developed from ongoing monitoring or from published and unpublished studies or data, as follows:

i. The Department shall publish notice of its intent to revise the Large Scale Wind Turbine Siting Map in the New Jersey Register, as well as in a newspaper of general circulation in each affected county and post the proposed revision of the map on the Department's interactive mapping website at http://www.nj.gov/dep/gis. The notice shall include:

(1) A description of the proposed revision;

(2) An explanation of why it is being proposed; and

(3) An invitation for interested parties to submit written comments for a period of 30 days.

ii. Upon consideration of the available information and public comments, if the Department concludes that revising the Large Scale Wind Turbine Siting Map is appropriate based on the potential risk to birds and bats associated with the operation of large scale wind turbines, the Department shall:

(1) Revise the map as the Department deems necessary;

(2) Publish a description of the revision in the New Jersey Register, including a response to any public comments;

(3) Publish a public notice describing the revision in a newspaper of general circulation in each affected county; and

(4) Post the revised map on the Department's interactive mapping website at http://www.nj.gov/dep/gis.

4. Rationale: The siting of an electric generating station is an extraordinary event with far-reaching impacts, when compared with the typical day-to-day decisions made under the State's coastal zone management program. Such siting decisions therefore, require special scrutiny using:

(a) the State's authority in its management of state-owned tidelands and submerged lands contemplated as sites for all or part of an electric generating station,

(b) the State's regulatory authority, and

(c) the State's influence in Federal proceedings on aspects of the siting process.

New Jersey's coastal zone, especially along Barnegat Bay and Delaware Bay, has experienced the consequences of several major siting decisions in the past decade and already has a diverse mix of existing, proposed, and potential fossil fuel and nuclear generating facilities, both onshore and offshore.

New Jersey recognizes the interstate nature of the electric power system. Some electricity is produced in New Jersey at facilities owned partially by utilities in other states and exported to those states. New Jersey also imports electricity produced in adjacent states. In short, New Jersey is an integral part of the Pennsylvania- New Jersey- Delaware-Maryland interconnecting grid system, importing and exporting electricity from the system at different times of the day, season and year in order to generate electricity efficiently and achieve the lowest achievable cost to electricity users throughout this multi-state region.

New Jersey also recognizes that most electric generating facilities may not be coastal-dependent but do require access to vast quantities of cooling waters, a siting factor that, from the perspective of utilities, increases the attractiveness of coastal locations. This siting rule strikes a balance among various competing national, regional, and state interests in coastal resources, and recognizes some of the differences in the siting requirements of fossil fuel and nuclear generating stations.

The rule directs fossil fuel stations toward built up areas in order to preserve and protect particularly scenic and natural areas important to recreation and open space purposes. New Jersey has articulated this policy with a conscious recognition of the state's progress in attaining and maintaining high air quality. Given the use of appropriate control technology, coal-fired generating stations, for example, appear feasible at various coastal locations. The siting of coal-fired power plants in urban areas also promotes efficient energy use due to the proximity of power plants to load centers.

The nuclear siting rule recognizes public concern for the disposal of spent fuel, as mandated in CAFRA by the New Jersey Legislature in 1973 and left unchanged in the 1993 legislative amendments.

(s) Standards relevant to liquefied natural gas (LNG) facilities are as follows:

1. New marine terminals and associated facilities that receive, store, and vaporize liquefied natural gas for transmission by pipeline are discouraged in the coastal zone unless a clear and precise justification for such facilities exists in the national interest; the proposed facility is located and constructed so as to neither unduly endanger human life and property, nor otherwise impair the public health, safety and welfare, as required by N.J.S.A. 13:1910f; and such facilities comply with the Coastal Zone Management rules.

i. LNG facilities shall be sited and operated in accordance with the standards set forth in the Natural Gas Act of 1938, 15 U.S.C. §§ 717- 717 z, the Natural Gas Policy Act of 1978, 15 U.S.C. §§ 3301- 3432, the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act, 43 U.S.C. §§ 1331 et seq., the Energy Policy Act of 1992, P.L. 102-486, 106 Stat. 2776, October 24, 1992, and the National Environmental Policy Act, 42 U.S.C. §§ 4321 et seq., which set forth standards for siting, design, installation, inspection, testing, construction, operation, transportation of gas, replacement, and maintenance of facilities.

ii. In determining the acceptability of proposed LNG facilities the Department will consider siting criteria including, but not limited to:

(1) The risks inherent in tankering LNG along New Jersey's waterways;

(2) The risks inherent in transferring LNG onshore; and

(3) The compatibility of the facility with surrounding land uses, population densities, and concentrations of commercial or industrial activity.

iii. New LNG facilities that liquefy, store and vaporize LNG to serve demand during peak periods shall be located in generally remote, rural, and low-density areas where land use controls and/or buffer zones are likely to be maintained.

2. Rationale: The pipeline Safety Act of 1979, P.L. 96-129, amended the Natural Gas Pipleline Safety Act of 1968 and sets forth requirements for the safe operation of pipelines transporting natural gas and liquefied petroleum gases, and provides standards with respect to the siting, construction, and operation of liquefied natural gas facilities.

The State recognizes the responsibilities of various federal agencies, including the U.S. Coast Guard and Office of Pipeline Safety Operations in the U.S. Department of Transportation, the Economic Regulatory Administration in the U.S. Department of Energy (US DOE), and the independent Federal Energy Regulatory Commission within USDOE, for management of various aspects of the siting and operations of LNG facilities.

Importation facilities for LNG are discouraged in view of the present sources of LNG from politically unstable counties. The use of natural gas for base load electric generation purposes is consistent with the Power Plant and Industrial Fuel Use Act of 1978, P.L. 95-620. The availability of domestic sources of LNG and a demonstrated need that such importation facilities are in the national interest dictate considering applications for such facilities on a case by case basis.

The tankering, transfer, and storage of LNG pose significant risks to Public health, safety and welfare and may cause serious adverse environmental impacts which may not be restricted to one state, given the likely potential locations of LNG terminals along interstate waterway. New Jersey therefore recommends that the siting of LNG facilities be treated as a regional issue on an interstate basis.

N.J. Admin. Code § 7:7-15.4

Renumbered from 7:7E-7.4 by 47 N.J.R. 1392(a), effective 7/6/2015

Administrative Change, 51 N.J.R. 1193(a).