Section R. 325.10716 - Collection and analysis of samples for VOCsRule 716.
(1) Beginning with the initial compliance period, suppliers of community and nontransient, noncommunity water supplies shall collect samples and cause analyses to be made under this rule for volatile organic chemicals to determine compliance with the state drinking water standards in R 325.10604b. Each supplier shall monitor at the time designated by the department within each compliance period. The department may increase required monitoring where necessary to detect variations within a water system.(2) For transient, noncommunity and type III public water supplies, the department may require samples to be collected and analyzed at prescribed frequencies for organic chemicals.(3) Suppliers of groundwater systems shall take at least 1 sample at every entry point to the distribution system that is representative of each well after treatment, also known as sampling point. Each sample shall be taken at the same sampling point unless conditions make another sampling point more representative of each source, treatment plant, or within the distribution system.(4) Suppliers of surface water systems or combined surface water and groundwater systems shall take at least 1 sample at points in the distribution system that are representative of each source or at each entry point to the distribution system after treatment, also known as sampling point. Each sample shall be taken at the same sampling point unless conditions make another sampling point more representative of each source, treatment plant, or within the distribution system.(5) If the system draws water from more than 1 source and the sources are combined before distribution, then the system shall be sampled at an entry point to the distribution system during periods of normal operating conditions when water that is representative of all sources is being used.(6) Suppliers of each community and nontransient, noncommunity water system shall take 4 consecutive quarterly samples for each contaminant, except for vinyl chloride, in R 325.10604b during each compliance period, beginning in the initial compliance period. Suppliers that use grandfathered samples and that did not detect any VOCs in R 325.10604b, shall, beginning with the initial compliance period, monitor annually under subrule (7) of this rule.(7) If a supplier does not detect a contaminant in R 325.10604b in the first of the 4 consecutive quarterly samples, then the supplier shall take 1 sample annually beginning with the initial compliance period.(8) After a supplier has performed annual sampling for not less than 3 years, the department may allow a groundwater supplier that has not previously detected any contaminant in R 325.10604b to reduce monitoring to 1 sample during each compliance period.(9) Suppliers of each community and nontransient noncommunity groundwater system that do not detect, at or above 0.0005 milligrams per liter, a contaminant in R 325.10604b may apply to the department for a waiver from portions of the requirements of subrules (6) and (7) of this rule after completing the initial monitoring. A waiver shall be effective for not more than 6 years. The department may also issue waivers to small systems for the initial round of 1,2,4 trichlorobenzene monitoring.(10) The following factors shall be evaluated to determine if a waiver may be granted: (a) Knowledge of previous use, including transport, storage, or disposal, of the contaminant within the watershed or zone of influence of the system.If a determination by the department reveals no previous use of the contaminant within the watershed or zone of influence, then a waiver may be granted.(b) If previous use of the contaminant is unknown or the contaminant has been used previously, then all of the following factors shall be used to determine whether a waiver is granted: (i) Previous analytical results.(ii) The proximity of the system to a potential point or non-point source of contamination. Point sources include spills and leaks of chemicals at or near a water treatment facility or at manufacturing, distribution, or storage facilities or from hazardous and municipal waste landfills and other waste-handling or treatment facilities.(iii) The environmental persistence and transport of the contaminants.(iv) The number of persons who are served by the public water system and the proximity of a smaller system to a larger system.(v) How well the water source is protected against contamination, such as whether it is a surface water or groundwater system. Groundwater supplies shall consider factors such as depth of the well, the type of soil, and wellhead protection. Surface water supplies shall consider watershed protection.(11) As a condition of a waiver, a groundwater supplier shall take 1 sample at each sampling point during the time the waiver is effective and update its vulnerability assessment considering the factors listed in subrule (10) of this rule. If the department does not reconfirm that the system is nonvulnerable based on this vulnerability assessment within 3 years of the initial determination, then the waiver is invalidated and the supplier is required to sample annually as specified in subrule (7) of this rule.(12) Suppliers of each community and nontransient noncommunity surface water system that do not detect a contaminant in R 325.10604b may apply to the department for a waiver from the requirements of subrule (7) of this rule after completing the initial monitoring. For a waiver to remain in effect, a supplier of a system that does not detect a contaminant in R 325.10604b shall be determined by the department to be nonvulnerable based on a vulnerability assessment, considering the factors listed in subrule (10) of this rule, during each compliance period. Each supplier that receives a waiver shall sample at the frequency specified by the department.(13) If a contaminant in R 325.10604b is detected in any sample, then all of the following provisions apply: (a) The supplier shall monitor quarterly at each sampling point that resulted in a detection.(b) The department may decrease the quarterly monitoring requirement specified in subdivision (a) of this subrule if it has determined that the system is reliably and consistently below the MCL. A groundwater supplier shall take not fewer than 2 quarterly samples and a surface water supplier shall take not fewer than 4 quarterly samples for this determination.(c) If the department determines that the system is reliably and consistently below the MCL, then the department may allow the supplier to monitor annually. Suppliers that monitor annually shall monitor during the quarter or quarters that previously yielded the highest analytical result.(d) Suppliers that conduct 3 consecutive annual samples and do not detect a contaminant may apply to the department for a waiver as specified in subrule (9) of this rule.(e) Groundwater suppliers that detect 1 or more of the following 2-carbon organic compounds shall monitor quarterly for vinyl chloride:(ii) Tetrachloroethylene.(iii) 1,2-dichloroethane.(iv) 1,1,1-trichloroethane.(v) cis-1,2-dichloroethylene.(vi) trans-1,2-dichloroethylene.(vii) 1,1-dichloroethylene. A vinyl chloride sample shall be taken at each sampling point at which 1 or more of the 2-carbon organic compounds were detected. If the results of the first analysis do not detect vinyl chloride, then the department may reduce the quarterly monitoring frequency of vinyl chloride monitoring to 1 sample during each compliance period. Surface water suppliers shall monitor for vinyl chloride as specified by the department.
(14) Suppliers that violate the requirements of R 325.10604b shall monitor quarterly. If not fewer than 4 consecutive quarterly samples show that the system is in compliance with R 325.10604b and the department determines the system is reliably and consistently below the MCL, then the supplier may monitor at the frequency and time specified in subrule (13)(c) of this rule.(15) The department may require a confirmation sample for positive or negative results. If a confirmation sample is required by the department, then the result shall be averaged with the first sampling result and the average shall be used for the compliance determination as specified by R 325.10604b. The department may delete results of obvious sampling errors from the calculation.(16) The department may reduce the total number of samples a supplier shall analyze by allowing the use of compositing when the population served by the system is more than 3,300 persons. Composite samples from not more than 5 sampling points within a single water system are allowed if the detection limit of the method used for analysis is less than 1/5 of the MCL. Compositing of samples shall be done in the laboratory and analyzed within 14 days of sample collection. All of the following provisions apply to compositing: (a) If the concentration in the composite sample is more than or equal to 0.0005 milligrams per liter for any contaminant in R 325.10604b, then the supplier shall take a follow-up sample within 14 days from each sampling point included in the composite and shall analyze the sample.(b) If duplicates of the original sample taken from each sampling point used in the composite are available, then the supplier may use these duplicates instead of resampling. The supplier shall analyze the duplicate and shall report the results to the department within 14 days after completing analysis of the composite sample, provided the holding time of the sample is not exceeded.(c) The method for compositing samples specified in the provisions of 40 C.F.R. part 141, paragraph 141.24(f)(14)(iv) and (v), May 4, 2000, is adopted by reference. The adopted material is available from the superintendent of documents at the address in R 325.10116(b) for a cost of $61.00 at the time of adoption of these rules. The adopted material is available for inspection, or copies are available at no cost from the offices of the department at the address in R 325.10116(a).(17) All new supplies or supplies that use a new source of water shall demonstrate compliance with the MCLs before serving water to the public. The supply shall also comply with the initial sampling frequencies specified by the department to ensure a supply can demonstrate compliance with the MCLs.Mich. Admin. Code R. 325.10716
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