La. Admin. Code tit. 28 § CLXXI-901

Current through Register Vol. 50, No. 11, November 20, 2024

Section CLXXI-901 - Operations and Algebraic Thinking

A. Interpret products of whole numbers, e.g., interpret 5 x 7 as the total number of objects in 5 groups of 7 objects each.

Example: describe a context in which a total number of objects can be expressed as 5 x 7.

B. Interpret whole-number quotients of whole numbers, e.g., interpret 56 ÷ 8 as the number of objects in each share when 56 objects are partitioned equally into 8 shares, or as a number of shares when 56 objects are partitioned into equal shares of 8 objects each.

Example: Describe a context in which a number of shares or a number of groups can be expressed as 56 ÷ 8.

C. Use multiplication and division within 100 to solve word problems in situations involving equal groups, arrays, and measurement quantities, e.g., by using drawings and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem.

D. Determine the unknown whole number in a multiplication or division equation relating three whole numbers.

Example: Determine the unknown number that makes the equation true in each of the equations 8 x ? = 48, 5 = [] ÷ 3, 6 x 6 = ?.

E. Apply properties of operations as strategies to multiply and divide.

Examples: If 6 x 4 = 24 is known, then 4 x 6 = 24 is also known (commutative property of multiplication). 3 x 5 x 2 can be found by 3 x 5 = 15, then 15 x 2 = 30, or by 5 x 2 = 10, then 3 x 10=30 (associative property of multiplication). Knowing that 8 x 5 = 40 and 8 x 2 = 16, one can find 8 x 7 as 8 x (5 + 2) = (8 x 5) + (8 x 2) = 40 + 16 = 56 (distributive property).

F. Understand division as an unknown-factor problem.

Example: Find 32 ÷ 8 by finding the number that makes 32 when multiplied by 8.

G. Fluently multiply and divide within 100, using strategies such as the relationship between multiplication and division (e.g., knowing that 8 x 5 = 40, one knows 40 ÷ 5 = 8) or properties of operations. By the end of grade 3, know from memory all products of two one-digit numbers.

H. Solve two-step word problems using the four operations. Represent these problems using equations with a letter standing for the unknown quantity. Assess the reasonableness of answers using mental computation and estimation strategies, including rounding.

I. Identify arithmetic patterns (including patterns in the addition table or multiplication table), and explain them using properties of operations.

Example: Observe that 4 times a number is always even, and explain why 4 times a number can be decomposed into two equal addends.

La. Admin. Code tit. 28, § CLXXI-901

Promulgated by the Board of Elementary and Secondary Education, LR 421046 (7/1/2016).

AUTHORITY NOTE: Promulgated in accordance with R.S. 17.6, R.S. 17:24.4, and RS. 17:154.