La. Admin. Code tit. 22 § XV-1907

Current through Register Vol. 50, No. 11, November 20, 2024

Section XV-1907 - Performance Standard 3: Investigation

A. Counsels Responsibility to Investigate

1. Counsel has an ongoing duty to conduct a high quality, independent, exhaustive investigation of all matters relevant to the guilt phase, penalty phase, any possible agreed upon disposition, any potential claim for relief, and any possible reduction of the case to a non-capital prosecution. A high quality, exhaustive investigation will be prompt, thorough, and independent.

2. Counsel should act promptly to ensure that the client is not prejudiced by the loss or destruction of evidence or information, whether in the form of physical evidence, records, possible witness testimony or information from a non-testifying witness. Counsel should take reasonable steps to gather and preserve evidence and information at risk of loss or destruction for later use in the case or for use by successor counsel. These steps may include retaining an expert to gather, preserve or examine evidence before it is altered or destroyed or to interview witnesses who may become unavailable. Counsel should be conscious of any procedural limitations or time bars and ensure that the investigation be conducted in a timely fashion to avoid any default or waiver of the clients rights. Similarly, counsel should be aware of or promptly become aware of the period for which relevant records are retained and ensure that the investigation be conducted in a timely fashion to avoid the destruction of relevant records.

3. The investigation relevant to the guilt phase of the trial should be conducted regardless of any admission or statement by the client concerning the facts of the alleged crime, or overwhelming evidence of guilt, or any statement by the client that evidence bearing upon guilt is not to be collected or presented.

4. The investigation relevant to the penalty phase of the trial should be conducted regardless of any statement by the client that evidence bearing upon the penalty is not to be collected or presented. This investigation should comprise extensive and ongoing efforts to discover all reasonably available mitigating evidence and evidence to rebut any aggravating evidence or argument that may be offered by the prosecutor.

5. No area of inquiry or possible evidence in the guilt or penalty phase investigations should be ruled out until a thorough investigation has been conducted. Counsel should seek to investigate all available evidence and information and defer strategic decisions regarding what evidence to present until after a thorough investigation has been conducted. Both at guilt and penalty phases, counsel should not halt investigation after one seemingly meritorious defense theory has been discovered, but should continue to investigate, both following up on evidence supporting known defense theories and seeking to discover other potential defense theories.

6. Where counsel enrolls in a case in which other counsel have previously provided representation, counsel should not rely on a prior defense teams investigation or theory of the case, but rather should independently and thoroughly investigate and prepare the defense, especially where prior counsel had a conflict of interest, or there is reason to believe counsels performance was deficient.

7. Counsel are responsible for ensuring that a high quality, exhaustive investigation is conducted but are not personally responsible for performing the actual investigation. A team should be assembled containing sufficient members possessing the appropriate skills and resources to conduct a high quality and exhaustive investigation.

B. Conduct of the Investigation

1. Counsel should conduct a high quality, independent and exhaustive investigation of all available sources of information utilizing all available tools including live witness interviews, compulsory process, public records law, discovery, scene visits, obtaining releases of confidential information, pre-trial litigation, the use of experts in the collection and analysis of particular kinds of evidence and audio/visual documentation. Principle sources of information in an investigation will include: information obtained from the client; information and statements obtained from witnesses; discovery obtained from the state; records collected; physical evidence; and direct observations.

2. A high quality, independent and exhaustive investigation will include investigation to determine the existence of other evidence or witnesses corroborating or contradicting a particular piece of evidence or information.

3. A high quality, independent and exhaustive investigation will include an investigation of all sources of possible impeachment of defense and prosecution witnesses.

4. Information and evidence obtained in the investigation provided should be properly preserved by memo, written statement, affidavit, or audio/video recordings. The manner in which information is to be obtained and recorded should be specifically approved by lead counsel having regard to any discovery obligations which operate or may be triggered in the case. In particular, the decision to take signed or recorded statements from witnesses should be made in light of the possibility of disclosure of such statements through reciprocal discovery obligations. Documents and physical evidence should be obtained and preserved in a manner designed to allow for its authentication and with regard to the chain of custody.

5. A high quality, exhaustive investigation should be conducted in a manner that permits counsel to effectively impeach potential witnesses, including state actors and records custodians, with statements made during the investigation. Unless defense counsel is prepared to forgo impeachment of a witness by counsel's own testimony as to what the witness stated in an interview or to seek leave to withdraw from the case in order to present such impeaching testimony, defense counsel should avoid interviewing a prospective witness except in the presence of a third person.

6. A written record should be kept of all investigative activity on a case, including all record requests and responses and attempts to locate and interview witnesses, whether successful or unsuccessful. The written record should be sufficient to allow counsel to identify and prove, if necessary, when, where and under what circumstances each piece of information or evidence was obtained. The written record should also be sufficient to allow counsel to identify and prove that the investigation disclosed an absence of relevant information or evidence, for example, where a record custodian denies possession of relevant records or a witness denies knowledge of a relevant fact.

7. Counsel should conduct a high quality, exhaustive investigation of matters relevant to guilt and penalty phase, bearing in mind at all times the relevance of all information sought and obtained to each phase of the trial. Such an investigation shall extend beyond the particular client and the particular offense charged and include an investigation of: other charged or uncharged bad acts that may be alleged directly or as impeachment; any co-defendant or alleged co-conspirator; any alternate suspects; any victim or victims; relevant law enforcement personnel and agencies; and, forensic and other experts involved in the case.

8. Considerations in respect of particular sources of information will include the following.

a. Interviews with the client should be conducted in accordance with performance standard 2.B. In particular, counsel should be conscious of the need for multiple interviews, a relationship of trust and confidence with the client and for interviews on sensitive matters to be conducted by team members with appropriate skill and experience in conducting such interviews.

b. When interviewing witnesses, live witness interviews are almost always to be preferred and telephone interviews will rarely be appropriate. Barring exceptional circumstances, counsel should seek out and interview all potential witnesses including, but not limited to:

i. eyewitnesses or other witnesses potentially having knowledge of events surrounding the alleged offense itself including the involvement of co-defendants, or alternate suspects;

ii. potential alibi witnesses;

iii. witnesses or other witnesses potentially having knowledge of events surrounding the alleged offense itself including the involvement of co-defendants, or alternate suspects:

(a) members of the clients immediate and extended family;

(b) neighbors, friends and acquaintances who knew the client or his family throughout the various stages of his life;

(c) persons familiar with the communities where the client and the clients family live and have lived;

(d) former teachers, coaches, clergy, employers, co-workers, social service providers, and doctors;

(e) correctional, probation or parole officers;

iv. witnesses to events other than the offense charged that may prove relevant to any affirmative defense or may be relied upon by the prosecution in its case in chief or in rebuttal of the defense case; and

v. government experts who have performed the examinations, tests, or experiments.

c. Discovery should be conducted in accordance with performance standard 5.F.

d. Counsel should be familiar with and utilize lawful avenues to compel the production of relevant records beyond formal discovery or compulsory process, including, the Public Records Law, the Freedom of Information Act, statutory entitlements to records such as medical treatment, military service, social security, social services, correctional and educational records. Counsel should also be familiar with and utilize avenues to obtain records through voluntary release and publicly available sources including web based searches and social media.

i. Counsel should strive to obtain records by means least likely to alert prosecution to the investigative steps being taken by the defense or the content of the records being obtained.

ii. Where appropriate, counsel should seek releases or court orders to obtain necessary confidential information about the client, co-defendant(s), witness(es), alternate suspect(s), or victim(s) that is in the possession of third parties. Counsel should be aware of privacy laws and procedural requirements governing disclosure of the type of confidential information being sought.

iii. Unless strategic considerations dictate otherwise, counsel should ensure that all requests, whether by compulsory process, public records law, or other specific statutory procedures, are made in a form that will allow counsel to enforce the requests to the extent possible and to seek the imposition of sanctions for non-compliance. Counsel should seek prompt compliance with such requests and must maintain a system for tracking requests that have been made: following up on requests; triggering enforcement action where requests are not complied with; documenting where responses have been received; and, identifying which documents have been received in response to which requests and on what date.

iv. Counsel should obtain all available information from the clients court files. Counsel should obtain copies of the clients prior court file(s), and the court files of other relevant persons. Counsel should also obtain the files from the relevant law enforcement and prosecuting agencies to the extent available.

v. Counsel should independently check the criminal records for both government and defense witnesses, and obtain a certified copy of all judgments of conviction for government witnesses, for possible use at trial for impeachment purposes.

e. Counsel should move promptly to ensure that all physical evidence favorable to the client is preserved, including seeking a protective court order to prevent destruction or alteration of evidence. Counsel should make a prompt request to the police or investigative agency for access to any physical evidence or expert reports relevant to the case. Counsel should examine and document the condition of any such physical evidence well in advance of trial. With the assistance of appropriate experts, counsel should reexamine all of the governments material forensic evidence, and conduct appropriate analyses of all other available forensic evidence. Counsel should investigate not only the accuracy of the results of any forensic testing, but also the legitimacy of the methods used to conduct the testing and the qualifications of those responsible for the testing.

f. Counsel should take full advantage of the direct observation of relevant documents, objects, places and events by defense team members, experts and others.

i. Counsel should attempt to view the scenes of the alleged offense and other relevant events as soon as possible after counsel is assigned. The visit to any relevant scene should include visiting under circumstances as similar as possible to those existing at the time of the alleged incident (e.g., weather, time of day, and lighting conditions). Counsel should extensively, precisely, and accurately document the condition of any relevant scene using the most appropriate and effective means, including audio-visual recordings, diagrams, charts, measurements, and descriptive memoranda. The condition of the scenes should always be documented in a manner that will permit counsel to identify and prove the condition of the scenes without personally becoming a witness. Where appropriate, counsel should obtain independently prepared documentation of the condition of the scenes, such as maps, charts, property records, contemporaneous audio-visual recordings conducted by media, security cameras or law enforcement.

ii. Counsel should exercise the defendants right to inspect, copy, examine, test scientifically, photograph, or otherwise reproduce books, papers, documents, photographs, tangible objects, buildings, places, or copies or portions thereof, which are within the possession, custody, or control of the state.

iii. Counsel for a client with one or more co-defendants should attend hearings of co-defendants, even if the issue at stake does not seem directly relevant to the client. Counsel should be particularly interested in discovering the strength of the prosecutions case against the co-defendant, and the similarities and differences between a co-defendants defense and the clients.

iv. Counsel should also attend potentially relevant hearing involving state or defense witnesses.

C. Duty of Counsel to Conduct Penalty Phase Investigation

1. Counsel should lead the defense team in a structured and supervised mitigation investigation where counsel is coordinating and, to the extent possible, integrating the case for life with the guilt phase strategy.

2. Despite the integration of the two phases of the trial, counsel should be alert to the different significance of items of evidence in the two phases and direct the investigation of the evidence for the penalty phase accordingly. Where evidence is relevant to both phases, counsel should not limit the investigation to guilt phase issues, but should further develop the mitigating evidence into a compelling case for life to be stressed at the penalty phase. All information obtained in the guilt phase investigation should be assessed for its significance to the penalty phase and, where possible, the guilt phase theory should reflect this assessment. Counsel should actively consider the benefits of presenting evidence admissible in the guilt phase that is also relevant in mitigation of punishment, and conduct the investigation and development of evidence accordingly.

3. Counsel should direct the investigation of mitigating information as early as possible in the case. Mitigation investigation may affect many aspects of the case including the investigation of guilt phase defenses, charging decisions and related advocacy, motion practice, decisions about needs for expert evaluations, client relations and communication, and plea negotiations.

4. Counsel has an ongoing duty to conduct a high quality, independent and exhaustive investigation of every aspect of the clients character, history, record and any circumstances of the offense, or other factors, which may provide a basis for a sentence less than death.

5. Counsel should investigate all available sources of information and use all appropriate avenues to obtain all potentially relevant information pertaining to the client, his siblings, parents, and other family members extending back at least three generations, including but not limited to: medical history consisting of complete prenatal, pediatric, and adult health information (including hospitalizations, mental and physical illness or injury, pre-natal and birth trauma, malnutrition, developmental delays, and neurological damage); exposure to harmful substances in utero and in the environment; substance abuse and treatment history; mental health history; history of maltreatment and neglect; trauma history (including exposure to criminal violence, exposure to war, the loss of a loved one, or a natural disaster; experiences of racism or other social or ethnic bias; cultural or religious influences); educational history (including achievement, performance, behavior, activities, special educational needs including cognitive limitations and learning disabilities, and opportunity or lack thereof); social services, welfare, and family court history (including failures of government or social intervention, such as failure to intervene or provide necessary services, placement in poor quality foster care or juvenile detention facilities), employment and training history (including skills and performance, and barriers to employability); military experience (including length and type of service, conduct, special training, combat exposure, health and mental health services); immigration experience; multi-generational family history, genetic disorders and vulnerabilities, as well as multi-generational patterns of behavior; prior adult and juvenile criminal and correctional experience; religious, gender, sexual orientation, ethnic, racial, cultural and community influences; socio-economic, historical, and political factors.

6. Counsel should not refrain from fully investigating potentially double-edged mitigation and such an investigation should include the full context of the mitigating evidence so as to reduce any potentially negative impact of such evidence at trial or to ensure that the mitigating effect of the evidence outweighs any negatives that may arise from the introduction of the evidence. Counsel should adopt such strategies as are necessary to reduce any potentially negative impact of such evidence, including effective voir dire, motions in limine, limiting instructions and the presentation of other evidence designed to maximize the mitigating effect of the evidence and reduce its negative potential.

7. While the client and the clients immediate family can be very important sources of information, they are far from the only potentially significant and powerful sources of information for mitigation evidence, and counsel should not limit the investigation to the client and his or her family. Further, when evaluating information from the client and the clients family, counsel should consider any impediments each may have to self-reporting or self-reflection.

8. Counsel should exhaustively investigate evidence of any potential aggravating circumstances and other adverse evidence that may be used by the state in penalty phase to determine how the evidence may be rebutted or mitigated.

a. Counsel should interview all known state witnesses for the penalty phase, including any expert witnesses.

b. Counsels investigation of any prior conviction(s) which may be alleged against the client should include an investigation of any legal basis for overturning the conviction, including by appellate, state post-conviction or federal habeas corpus proceedings. Where such a basis exists, counsel should commence or cause to be commenced litigation directed to overturning the conviction. Representation in such proceedings should be determined in accordance with standard 1.H.

c. Counsel should actively consider the evidence that the state may be permitted to present in rebuttal of the defense case at penalty phase and investigate the evidence to determine how the evidence may be excluded, rebutted or mitigated.

9. Counsel should exhaustively investigate the possibility that there exists any absolute bar to the imposition of the death penalty.

a. Counsel should conduct a high quality, independent, exhaustive investigation to determine whether the client may suffer from intellectual disability. Counsel should not rely on his or her own assessment or impression of the client in determining whether the client has a viable claim of mental retardation as intellectual disability may be difficult to accurately assess and many clients will mask such disability even at the risk of their lives. Where a potential intellectual disability claim exists, the defense team should include members with expertise in the recognition, investigation and development of evidence of intellectual disability as well as the litigation of issues of intellectual disability. Where the defense team does not contain sufficient expertise in this regard, lead counsel should use all available avenues to secure additional counsel or other team members with expertise in investigating and litigating issues of intellectual disability.

b. In view of the decision of Roper v. Simmons, 543 U.S. 551 (2005), especially in cases involving foreign born clients, where the clients date of birth may be difficult to document, a special investigation may be required to ascertain the true "age" of the client to ensure that he is "death eligible" and, if not, ensure that the client is not exposed to the possibility of a death sentence.

c. Counsel should attempt to identify and develop other grounds which, though currently not providing an absolute bar to imposition of a death sentence, may in the future provide such exemption, such as serious mental illness, post-18 cognitive impairment, or guilt as a principal not directly responsible for the death.

d. Counsel should ensure that the presentation of evidence of an absolute bar to the death penalty, such as intellectual disability, is not limited to bare proof of the dispositive fact but fully presents the mitigating effect of the evidence, including the continuing mitigating effect of the evidence even where the evidence does not wholly satisfy the legal bar to the death penalty.

10. Counsel should direct team members to conduct in-person, face-to-face, one-on-one interviews with the client, the clients family, and other witnesses who are familiar with the clients life, history, or family history or who would support a sentence less than death. Counsel should not fail to seek to interview any of the clients immediate family members. Multiple interviews will be necessary to establish trust, elicit sensitive information, and conduct a thorough and reliable life-history investigation. Team members should endeavor to establish the rapport with the client and witnesses that will be necessary to provide the client with a defense in accordance with constitutional guarantees relevant to a capital sentencing proceeding

11. Counsel should direct team members to gather documentation to support the testimony of expert and lay witnesses, including, but not limited to, school, medical, employment, military, criminal and incarceration, and social service records, in order to provide medical, psychological, sociological, cultural or other insights into the clients mental and/or emotional state, intellectual capacity, and life history that may explain or diminish the clients culpability for his conduct, demonstrate the absence of aggressive patterns in the clients behavior, show the clients capacity for empathy, depict the clients remorse, illustrate the clients desire to function in the world, give a favorable opinion as to the clients capacity for rehabilitation or adaptation to prison, explain possible treatment programs, rebut or explain evidence presented by the prosecutor, or otherwise support a sentence less than death. Records should be reviewed as they are received by the team so that any gaps in the evidence can be discovered and filled, further areas of investigation can be uncovered and pursued, and the defense theory can properly incorporate all available documentary evidence.

12. Counsel should direct team members to provide counsel with documentary evidence of the investigation through the use of such methods as memoranda, genealogies, social history reports, chronologies and reports on relevant subjects including, but not limited to, cultural, socioeconomic, environmental, racial, and religious issues in the clients life. The manner in which information is provided to counsel is determined on a case by case basis, in consultation with counsel, considering jurisdictional practices, discovery rules and policies.

13. Counsel should ensure that the investigation develops available evidence to humanize the client in the eyes of the jury, reflect the clients inherent dignity and value as a human being, demonstrate the clients positives and provide a basis for demonstrating these matters through factually valid narratives and exhibits, rather than merely adjectives. The investigation shall focus more broadly than identifying the causes of any offending conduct.

14. After thorough investigation counsel should begin selecting and preparing witnesses who will testify, who may include but are not limited to:

a. lay witnesses, or witnesses who are familiar with the client or his family, including but not limited to:

i. the clients family and those familiar with the client;

ii. the clients friends, teachers, classmates, co-workers, employers, and those who served in the military with the client, as well as others who are familiar with the clients early and current development and functioning, medical history, environmental history, mental health history, educational history, employment and training history, military experience and religious, racial, and cultural experiences and influences upon the client or the clients family;

iii. social service and treatment providers to the client and the clients family members, including doctors, nurses, other medical staff, social workers, and housing or welfare officials;

iv. witnesses familiar with the clients prior juvenile and criminal justice and correctional experiences;

v. former and current neighbors of the client and the clients family, community members, and others familiar with the neighborhoods in which the client lived, including the type of housing, the economic status of the community, the availability of employment and the prevalence of violence;

vi. witnesses who can testify about the applicable alternative to a death sentence and/or the condition under which the alternative sentence would be served;

vii. witnesses who can testify about the adverse impact of the clients execution on the clients family and loved ones;

b. expert witnesses, or witnesses with specialized training or experience in a particular subject matter. Such experts include, but are not limited to:

i. medical doctors, psychiatrists, psychologists, toxicologists, pharmacologists, social workers and persons with specialized knowledge of medical conditions, mental illnesses and impairments; neurological impairment (brain damage); substance abuse, physical, emotional and sexual maltreatment, trauma and the effects of such factors on the clients development and functioning;

ii. anthropologists, sociologists and persons with expertise in a particular race, culture, ethnicity, religion;

iii. persons with specialized knowledge of specific communities or expertise in the effect of environments and neighborhoods upon their inhabitants;

iv. persons with specialized knowledge about gangs and gang culture; and

v. persons with specialized knowledge of institutional life, either generally or within a specific institution, including prison security and adaptation experts.

15. Counsel should direct team members to aid in preparing and gathering demonstrative evidence, such as photographs, videotapes and physical objects (e.g., trophies, artwork, military medals), and documents that humanize the client or portray him positively, such as certificates of earned awards, favorable press accounts and letters of praise or reference.

D. Securing the Assistance of Experts

1. Counsel should secure the assistance of experts where appropriate for:

a. an adequate understanding of the prosecution's case and the preparation and presentation of the defense including for consultation purposes on areas of specialized knowledge or those lying outside counsels experience;

b. rebuttal of any portion of the prosecution's case at the guilt or sentencing phase of the trial;

c. investigation of the clients competence to proceed, capacity to make a knowing and intelligent waiver of constitutional rights, mental state at the time of the offense, insanity, diminished capacity and competence to be executed; and

d. obtaining an agreed disposition or assisting the client make a decision to accept or reject a possible agreed disposition.

2. An expert is retained to assist counsel in the provision of high quality legal representation. It is counsels responsibility to provide high quality legal representation and the hiring of an expert, even a well-qualified expert, will not be sufficient to discharge this responsibility. Counsel has a responsibility to support and supervise the work of an expert to ensure that it is adequate and appropriate to the circumstances of the case.

3. When selecting an expert, counsel should consult with other attorneys, mitigation specialists, investigators and experts regarding the strengths and weaknesses of available experts. Counsel should interview experts and examine their credentials and experience before hiring them, including investigating the existence of any significant impeachment that may be offered against the expert and reviewing transcripts of the experts prior testimony. If counsel discovers that a retained expert is unqualified or his opinions and testimony will be detrimental to the client, counsel should replace the expert and where appropriate, seek other expert advice.

4. When retaining an expert, counsel should provide clear information regarding the rate of payment, reimbursement of expenses, the method of billing, the timing of payment, any cap on professional fees or expenses and any other conditions of the agreement to retain. Counsel should ensure that the expert is familiar with the rules of confidentiality applicable in the circumstances and where appropriate, have the expert sign a confidentiality agreement. Counsel should monitor the hours of work performed and costs incurred by an expert to ensure that the expert does not exceed any pre-approved cap and in order to certify that the experts use of time and expenses was appropriate in the circumstances.

5. Defense counsel should normally not rely on one expert to testify on a range of subjects, particularly where the witness lacks sufficient expertise in one or more of the areas to be canvassed. Counsel should determine whether an expert is to be used as a consulting expert or may testify in the case and should make appropriate distinctions in communications with the expert and disclosure of the identity and any report of the expert to the state. Counsel should use separate experts in the same field for consultation and possible testimony where the circumstances of the case make this necessary or appropriate.

6. Counsel should not simply rely on the opinions of an expert, but should seek to become sufficiently educated in the field to make a reasoned determination as to whether the hired expert is qualified, whether his or her opinion is defensible, whether another expert should be hired, and ultimately whether the area of investigation should be further pursued or abandoned.

7. Experts assisting in investigation and other preparation of the defense should be independent of the court, the state and any co-defendants. Expert work product should be maintained as confidential to the extent allowed by law. Counsel and support staff should use all available sources of information to obtain all necessary information for experts. Counsel should provide an expert with all relevant and necessary information, records, materials, access to witnesses and access to the client within sufficient time to allow the expert to complete a thorough assessment of the material provided, conduct any further investigation, formulate an opinion, communicate the opinion to counsel and be prepared for any testimony. Ordinarily, counsel should not retain an expert until a thorough investigation has been undertaken.

8. Counsel should not seek or rely upon an expert opinion in the absence of an adequate factual investigation of the matters that may inform or support an expert opinion. While an expert may be consulted for guidance even where relatively little factual investigation has been completed, counsel may not rely upon an expert opinion in limiting the scope of investigation, making final decisions about the defense theory or determining the matters to be presented to any court in the absence of a factual investigation sufficiently thorough to ensure that the experts opinion is fully informed and well supported. Ultimately, it is the responsibility of counsel, not the expert, to ensure that all relevant material is gathered and submitted to the expert for review.

9. Counsel should ensure that any expert who may testify is not exposed to privileged or confidential information beyond that which counsel is prepared to have disclosed by the witness during his or her testimony.

E. Development of a Strategic Plan for the Case

1. During investigation and trial preparation, counsel should develop and continually reassess a strategic plan for the case. This should include the possible defense theories for guilt phase, penalty phase, agreed upon disposition, litigation of the case and, where appropriate, litigation of the case on appeal and post-conviction review.

2. The defense theory at trial should be an integrated defense theory that will be reinforced by its presentation at both the guilt and penalty phase and should minimize any inconsistencies between the theories presented at each stage and humanize the client as much as possible. Counsel should strongly consider, with the consent of the client, forgoing a guilt-innocence phase plan that denies the defendant had any involvement in the offense and instead attempt to raise doubts about whether the offense was a first-degree murder (e.g., because of the defendants role, mental state or intent).

3. A strategy for the case should be developed from the outset of counsels involvement in the case and continually updated as the investigation, preparation and litigation of the case proceed. Counsel should not make a final decision on the defense theory to be pursued at trial or foreclose inquiry into any available defense theory until a high quality, exhaustive, independent investigation has been conducted and the available strategic choices fully considered.

4. However, a defense theory for trial should be selected in sufficient time to allow counsel to advance that theory during all phases of the trial, including jury selection, witness preparation, motions, opening statement, presentation of evidence, closing argument and jury instructions. Similarly, the defense theory for the post-verdict, appellate and post-conviction stages of the proceedings be selected in sufficient time to allow counsel to advance that theory in the substantive filings and hearings in the case.

5. In arriving at a defense theory counsel should weigh the positive aspects of the defense theory and also any negative effect the theory may have, including opening the door to otherwise inadmissible evidence or waiving potentially viable claims or defenses.

6. From the outset of counsels involvement in the case, a strategic planning document or documents should be produced in writing and maintained in the clients file. The strategic planning document should be amended as the investigation, preparation and litigation of the case proceed to accurately reflect the current theory or theories. The strategic planning document should be made available to all members of the defense team to assist in coordinating work on the case. However, it should remain privileged and not be shared with non-team members or any team member or expert who may testify.

7. The current strategic planning document and any prior drafts of the document should be maintained in the clients file. The capital case supervisor should be given access to the strategic planning document and any prior drafts to assist in the supervision and support of the defense team.

La. Admin. Code tit. 22, § XV-1907

Promulgated by the Office of the Governor, Public Defender Board, LR 4158 (1/1/2015).

AUTHORITY NOTE: Promulgated in accordance with R.S. 15:148.