Kan. Admin. Regs. § 81-14-5

Current through Register Vol. 43, No. 49, December 5, 2024

Section 81-14-5 - Dishonest and unethical practices of investment advisers, investment adviser representatives, and federal covered investment advisers

(a) Unethical conduct. "Dishonest or unethical practices," as used in K.S.A. 17-12a412(d)(13) and amendments thereto, shall include the conduct prohibited in this regulation.

(b) Fraudulent conduct. "An act, practice, or course of business that operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit," as used in K.S.A. 17-12a502(a)(2) and amendments thereto, shall include the conduct prohibited in paragraphs (d)(6), (9), (10), and (11) and subsections (e), (f), (g), and (h).

(c) General standard of conduct. Each person registered as an investment adviser or investment adviser representative under the act shall not fail to observe high standards of commercial honor and just and equitable principles of trade in the conduct of the person's business. An investment adviser or investment adviser representative is a fiduciary and shall act primarily for the benefit of its clients.

(d) Prohibited conduct: sales and business practices. Each person registered as an investment adviser or investment adviser representative under the act shall refrain from the practices specified in this subsection in the conduct of the person's business. For purposes of this subsection, a security shall include any security as defined by K.S.A. 17-12a102, and amendments thereto, including a federal covered security as defined by K.S.A. 17-12a102, and amendments thereto, or section 2 of the securities act of 1933, 15 U.S.C. § 77 b, as adopted by reference in K.A.R. 81-2-1.

(1) Unsuitable recommendations. An investment adviser or investment adviser representative shall not recommend to any client to whom investment supervisory, management, or consulting services are provided the purchase, sale, or exchange of any security without reasonable grounds to believe that the recommendation is suitable for the client on the basis of information furnished by the client after reasonable inquiry concerning the client's investment objectives, financial situation and needs, and any other information known by the investment adviser or investment adviser representative.

(2) Improper use of discretionary authority. An investment adviser or investment adviser representative shall not exercise any discretionary power in placing an order for the purchase or sale of securities for any client without obtaining written discretionary authority from the client within 10 business days after the date of the first transaction placed pursuant to oral discretionary authority, unless the discretionary power is limited to the price at which and the time when an order shall be executed for a definite amount of a specified security.

(3) Excessive trading. An investment adviser or investment adviser representative shall not induce trading in a client's account that is excessive in size or frequency in light of the financial resources, investment objectives, and character of the account.

(4) Unauthorized trading. An investment adviser or investment adviser representative shall not perform either of the following:

(A) Place an order to purchase or sell a security for the account of a client without authority to do so; or

(B) place an order to purchase or sell a security for the account of a client upon instruction of a third party without first having obtained a written third-party trading authorization from the client.

(5) Borrowing from or loaning to a client. An investment adviser or investment adviser representative shall not perform either of the following:

(A) Borrow money or securities from a client unless the client is a broker-dealer, an affiliate of the investment adviser, or a financial institution engaged in the business of loaning funds; or

(B) loan money to a client unless the investment adviser is a financial institution engaged in the business of loaning funds or the client is an affiliate of the investment adviser.

(6) Misrepresenting qualifications, services, or fees. An investment adviser or investment adviser representative shall not misrepresent to any advisory client or prospective client the qualifications of the investment adviser, investment adviser representative, or any employee of the investment adviser, or misrepresent the nature of the advisory services being offered or fees to be charged for the service. An investment adviser or investment adviser representative shall not omit to state a material fact that is necessary to make any statements made regarding qualifications, services, or fees, in light of the circumstance under which the statements are made, not misleading.

(7) Failure to disclose source of report. An investment adviser or investment adviser representative shall not provide a report or recommendation to any advisory client prepared by someone other than the investment adviser or investment adviser representative without disclosing that fact. This prohibition shall not apply to a situation in which the adviser uses published research reports or statistical analyses to render advice or in which an adviser orders a research report in the normal course of providing service.

(8) Unreasonable fee. An investment adviser or investment adviser representative shall not charge a client an unreasonable advisory fee.

(9) Failure to disclose conflicts of interest. An investment adviser or investment adviser representative shall not fail to disclose to a client, in writing and before any advice is rendered, any material conflict of interest relating to the investment adviser, investment adviser representative, or any of the investment adviser's employees that could reasonably be expected to impair the rendering of unbiased and objective advice, including the following:

(A) Compensation arrangements connected with advisory services to the client that are in addition to compensation from the client for the advisory services; and

(B) charging a client an advisory fee for rendering advice when a commission for executing securities transactions pursuant to the advice will be received by the investment adviser, investment adviser representative, or any of the adviser's employees.

(10) Guaranteeing performance. An investment adviser or investment adviser representative shall not guarantee a client that a specific result will be achieved with advice that is rendered.

(11) Deceptive advertising. An investment adviser or investment adviser representative shall not publish, circulate, or distribute any advertisement that does not comply with SEC rule 206(4)-1, 17 C.F.R. 275.206(4)-1, as adopted by reference in K.A.R. 81-2-1, despite the fact that the adviser may be exempt from federal registration pursuant to section 203(b) of the investment advisers act of 1940, 15 U.S.C. § 80b - 3(b) as adopted by reference in K.A.R. 81-2-1.

(12) Failure to protect confidential information.

(A) An investment adviser or investment adviser representative shall not disclose the identity, affairs, or investments of any client unless required by law to do so or unless the client consents to the disclosure.

(B) An investment adviser shall not fail to establish, maintain, and enforce written policies and procedures reasonably designed to prevent the misuse of material nonpublic information contrary to the provisions of section 204A of the investment advisers act of 1940, 15 U.S.C. § 80b-4a, as adopted by reference in K.A.R. 81-21, despite the fact that the adviser may be exempt from federal registration pursuant to section 203(b) of the investment advisers act of 1940, 15 U.S.C. § 80b - 3(b), as adopted by reference in K.A.R. 81-2-1.

(13) Improper advisory contract. An investment adviser shall not engage in the following conduct, even though the adviser may be exempt from federal registration pursuant to section 203(b) of the investment advisers act of 1940, 15 U.S.C. § 80b - 3(b), as adopted by reference in K.A.R. 81-2-1:

(A) Enter into, extend, or renew any investment advisory contract unless the contract is in writing, discloses the services to be provided, the term of the contract, the advisory fee, the formula for computing the fee, the amount of prepaid fee to be returned in the event of contract termination or nonperformance, and an indication of whether the contract grants discretionary power to the adviser, and contains a provision that no assignment of the contract shall be made by the investment adviser without the consent of the other party to the contract;

(B) enter into, extend, or renew any advisory contract containing performance-based fees contrary to the provisions of section 205 of the investment advisers act of 1940, 15 U.S.C. § 80b-5, as adopted by reference in K.A.R. 81-2-1, except as permitted by SEC rule 205-3, 17 C.F.R. 275.205-3, as adopted by reference in K.A.R. 81-2-1; and

(C) include in an advisory contract any indication of a condition, stipulation, or provision binding a person to waive compliance with any provision of the act or of the investment advisers act of 1940, or engage in any other practice contrary to the provisions of section 215 of the investment advisers act of 1940, 15 U.S.C. § 80b-15, as adopted by reference in K.A.R. 81-2-1.

(14) Indirect misconduct. An investment adviser or investment adviser representative shall not engage in any conduct or any act, indirectly or through or by any other person, that would be unlawful for the person to do directly under the provisions of the act or these regulations.

(e) Prohibited conduct: failure to disclose financial condition and disciplinary history.

(1) Definitions. For purposes of this subsection, the following definitions shall apply:

(A) "Found" means determined or ascertained by adjudication or consent in a final self-regulatory organization proceeding, administrative proceeding, or court action.

(B) "Investment-related" means pertaining to securities, commodities, banking, insurance, or real estate, including acting as or being associated with a broker, dealer, investment company, investment adviser, government securities broker or dealer, municipal securities broker or dealer, bank, savings and loan association, commodities broker or dealer, or fiduciary.

(C) "Involved" means acting or aiding, abetting, causing, counseling, commanding, inducing, conspiring with or failing reasonably to supervise another in doing an act.

(D) "Management person" means a person with power to exercise, directly or indirectly, a controlling influence over the management or policies of an investment adviser that is a company or to determine the general investment advice given to clients.

(E) "Self-regulatory organization" means any national securities or commodities exchange, registered association, or registered clearing agency.

(2) An investment adviser registered or required to be registered under the act shall not fail to disclose to any client or prospective client all material facts with respect to either of the following:

(A) A failure to meet the positive net worth requirements of K.A.R. 81-14-9(d); or

(B) any financial condition of the investment adviser or legal or disciplinary event that is material to an evaluation of the investment adviser's integrity or ability to meet contractual commitments to clients.

(3) It shall constitute a rebuttable presumption that the following legal or disciplinary events involving the investment adviser or a management person of the investment adviser are material to an evaluation of the adviser's integrity for a period of 10 years from the date of the event, unless the legal or disciplinary event was resolved in the investment adviser's or management person's favor or was subsequently reversed, suspended, or vacated:

(A) A criminal or civil action in a court of competent jurisdiction resulting in any of the following:

(i) The individual was convicted of a felony or misdemeanor, or is the named subject of a pending criminal proceeding, for a crime involving an investment-related business or fraud, false statements, omissions, wrongful taking of property, bribery, forgery, counterfeiting, extortion, or crimes of a similar nature;

(ii) the individual was found to have been involved in a violation of an investment-related statute or regulation; or

(iii) the individual was the subject of any order, judgment, or decree permanently or temporarily enjoining the person or otherwise limiting the person from engaging in any investment-related activity;

(B) any administrative proceedings before any federal or state regulatory agency resulting in any of the following:

(i) The individual was found to have caused an investment-related business to lose its authorization to do business; or

(ii) the individual was found to have been involved in a violation of an investment-related statute or regulation and was the subject of an order by the agency denying, suspending, or revoking the authorization of the person to act in, or barring or suspending the person's association with, an investment-related business, or otherwise significantly limiting the person's investment-related activities; and

(C) any self-regulatory organization proceeding resulting in either of the following:

(i) The individual was found to have caused an investment-related business to lose its authorization to do business; or

(ii) the individual was found to have been involved in a violation of the self-regulatory organization's rules and was the subject of an order by the self-regulatory organization barring or suspending the person from association with other members, expelling the person from membership, fining the person more than $2,500, or otherwise significantly limiting the person's investment-related activities.

(4) The information required to be disclosed by paragraph (e)(2) shall be disclosed to clients before further investment advice is given to the clients. The information shall be disclosed to prospective clients at least 48 hours before entering into any written or oral investment advisory contract, or no later than the time of entering into the contract if the client has the right to terminate the contract without penalty within five business days after entering into the contract.

(5) For purposes of calculating the 10-year period during which events shall be presumed to be material under paragraph (e)(3), the date of a reportable event shall be the date on which the final order, judgment, or decree was entered, or the date on which any rights of appeal from preliminary orders, judgments, or decrees lapsed.

(6) Compliance with this subsection shall not relieve any investment adviser from any other disclosure requirement under any federal or state law.

(f) Prohibited conduct: cash payment for client solicitations. An investment adviser registered or required to be registered under the act shall not pay a cash fee, directly or indirectly, to a solicitor with respect to solicitation activities unless the solicitation arrangement meets all of the requirements of paragraphs (f)(2) through (f)(7).

(1) Definitions. For the purposes of this subsection, the following definitions shall apply:

(A) "Client" shall include any prospective client.

(B) "Impersonal advisory services" means investment advisory services provided solely by means of any of the following:

(i) Written materials or oral statements that do not purport to meet the objectives or needs of specific individuals or accounts;

(ii) statistical information containing no expression of opinion as to the investment merits of a particular security; or

(iii) any combination of the materials, statements, or information specified in paragraphs (f)(1)(B)(i) and (ii).

(C) "Solicitor" means any person or entity who, for compensation, directly or indirectly solicits any client for, or refers any client to, an investment adviser.

(2) The investment adviser shall be properly registered under the act.

(3) The solicitor shall not be a person who meets any of the following conditions:

(A) Is subject to an order by any regulatory body that censures or places limitations on the person's activities or that suspends or bars the person from association with an investment adviser;

(B) was convicted within the previous 10 years of any felony or misdemeanor involving the purchase or sale of any security, the taking of a false oath, the making of a false report, bribery, perjury, burglary, larceny, theft, robbery, extortion, forgery, counterfeiting, fraudulent concealment, embezzlement, fraudulent conversion, misappropriation of funds or securities, or conspiracy to commit any such act;

(C) has been found to have engaged in the willful violation of any provision of these regulations, the act, the federal securities act of 1933, the federal securities exchange act of 1934, the federal investment company act of 1940, the federal investment advisers act of 1940, the federal commodity exchange act, the federal rules under any of these federal acts, or the rules of the NASD, FINRA, or the municipal securities rulemaking board; or

(D) is subject to an order, judgment, or decree by which the person has been convicted anytime during the preceding 10-year period of any crime that is punishable by imprisonment for one or more years or a substantially equivalent crime by a foreign court of competent jurisdiction.

(4) The cash fee shall be paid pursuant to a written agreement to which the investment adviser is a party.

(5) The cash fee shall be paid to a solicitor only under any of the following circumstances:

(A) The cash fee is paid to the solicitor with respect to solicitation activities for the provision of impersonal advisory services only;

(B) the cash fee is paid to a solicitor who is a partner, officer, director, or employee of the investment adviser, or a partner, officer, director, or employee of a person who controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with the investment adviser, if the status of the solicitor as a partner, officer, director, or employee of the investment adviser or other person, and any affiliation between the investment adviser and the other person, is disclosed to the client at the time of the solicitation or referral; or

(C) the cash fee is paid to a solicitor other than a solicitor specified in paragraph (f)(5)(A) or (B), if all of the following conditions are met:

(i) The written agreement required by paragraph (f)(4) describes the solicitation activities to be engaged in by the solicitor on behalf of the investment adviser and the compensation to be received, contains an undertaking by the solicitor to perform the solicitor's duties under the agreement in a manner consistent with the instructions of the investment adviser and the provisions of the act and the implementing regulations, and requires the solicitor, at the time of any solicitation activities for which compensation is paid or to be paid by the investment adviser, to provide the client with a current copy of the investment adviser's written disclosure statement required under the brochure delivery requirements of K.A.R. 81-14-10(b) and a separate written disclosure document described in paragraph (f)(6).

(ii) The investment adviser receives from the client, before or when entering into any written or oral investment advisory contract with the client, a signed and dated acknowledgment of receipt of the investment adviser's written disclosure statement and the solicitor's written disclosure document.

(iii) The investment adviser makes a bona fide effort to ascertain whether the solicitor has complied with the written agreement required by paragraph (f)(4), and the investment adviser has a reasonable basis for believing that the solicitor has complied with the agreement.

(6) The separate written disclosure document required to be furnished by the solicitor to the client shall contain the following information:

(A) The name of the solicitor;

(B) the name of the investment adviser;

(C) the nature of the relationship, including any affiliation, between the solicitor and the investment adviser;

(D) a statement that the solicitor will be compensated for the solicitation services by the investment adviser;

(E) the terms of the compensation arrangement, including a description of the compensation paid or to be paid to the solicitor; and

(F) the amount in addition to the advisory fee that the client will be charged for the costs of the solicitor's services, and any difference in fees paid by clients if the difference is attributable to the existence of any arrangement in which the investment adviser has agreed to compensate the solicitor for soliciting clients for, or referring clients to, the investment adviser.

(7) Nothing in this subsection shall be deemed to relieve any person of any fiduciary or other obligation to which a person may be subject under any law.

(g) Prohibited conduct: agency cross transactions.

(1) For the purposes of this subsection, "agency cross transaction for an advisory client" shall mean a transaction in which a person acts as an investment adviser in relation to a transaction in which the investment adviser, or any person controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the investment adviser, including an investment adviser representative, acts as a broker-dealer for both the advisory client and another person on the other side of the transaction. Each person acting in this capacity shall be required to be registered as a broker-dealer in this state unless excluded from the definition of broker-dealer under K.S.A. 17-12a102, and amendments thereto.

(2) An investment adviser shall not effect an agency cross transaction for an advisory client unless all of the following conditions are met:

(A) The advisory client executes a written consent prospectively authorizing the investment adviser to effect agency cross transactions for the client.

(B) Before obtaining this written consent from the client, the investment adviser makes full written disclosure to the client that, with respect to agency cross transactions, the investment adviser will act as broker-dealer for both parties to the transaction, receive commissions from both parties, and have a potentially conflicting division of loyalties and responsibilities.

(C) At or before the completion of each agency cross transaction, the investment adviser sends the client a written confirmation. The written confirmation shall include all of the following information:

(i) A statement of the nature of the transaction;

(ii) the date the transaction took place;

(iii) an offer to furnish, upon request, the time when the transaction took place; and

(iv) the source and amount of any other remuneration that the investment adviser received or will receive in connection with the transaction.

For a purchase in which the investment adviser was not participating in a distribution, or a sale in which the investment adviser was not participating in a tender offer, the written confirmation may state whether the investment adviser has received or will receive any other remuneration and that the investment adviser will furnish the source and amount of remuneration to the client upon the client's written request.

(D) At least annually, the investment adviser sends each client a written disclosure statement identifying the total number of agency cross transactions during the period since the date of the last disclosure statement and the total amount of all commissions or other remuneration that the investment adviser received or will receive in connection with agency cross transactions for the client during the period.

(E) Each written disclosure and confirmation required by this subsection includes a conspicuous statement that the client may revoke the written consent required under paragraph (g)(2)(A) at any time by providing written notice to the investment adviser.

(F) No agency cross transaction in which the same investment adviser recommended the transaction to both any seller and any purchaser is effected.

(3) Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to relieve an investment adviser or investment adviser representative from acting in the best interests of the client, including fulfilling fiduciary duties with respect to the best price and execution for the particular transaction for the client, nor shall this subsection relieve any investment adviser or investment adviser representative of any other disclosure obligations imposed by the act or the regulations under the act.

(h) Prohibited conduct: use of senior-specific certifications and professional designations.

(1) An investment adviser or investment adviser representative shall not use a senior-specific certification or designation that indicates or implies that the user has special certification or training in advising or servicing senior citizens or retirees in any way that misleads any person. This prohibition shall include the following:

(A) The use of a certification or professional designation by a person who has not earned or is otherwise ineligible to use that certification or designation;

(B) the use of a nonexistent or self-conferred certification or professional designation;

(C) the use of a certification or professional designation that indicates or implies a level of occupational qualifications obtained through education, training, or experience that the person using the certification or professional designation does not have; and

(D) the use of a certification or professional designation that was obtained from a designating or certifying organization that meets any of the following conditions:

(i) Is primarily engaged in the business of instruction in sales or marketing;

(ii) does not have reasonable standards or procedures for ensuring the competency of its designees or certificate holders;

(iii) does not have reasonable standards or procedures for monitoring and disciplining its designees or certificate holders for improper or unethical conduct; or

(iv) does not have reasonable continuing education requirements for its designees or certificate holders to maintain the professional designation or certification.

(2) There shall be a rebuttable presumption that a designating or certifying organization is not disqualified solely for purposes of paragraph (h)(1)(D) if the organization has been accredited by any of the following:

(A) The American national standards institute;

(B) the national commission for certifying agencies; or

(C) an organization that is on the United States department of education's list titled "accrediting agencies recognized for title IV purposes," if the designation or credential does not primarily apply to sales or marketing, or both.

(3) In determining whether a combination of words or an acronym or initialism standing for a combination of words constitutes a certification or professional designation indicating or implying that a person has special certification or training in advising or servicing senior citizens or retirees, the factors to be considered shall include the following:

(A) The use of one or more words including "senior," "retirement," "elder," or similar words, combined with one or more words including "certified," "registered," "chartered," "adviser," "specialist," "consultant," "planner," or similar words, in the name of the certification or professional designation; and

(B) the manner in which the words are combined.

(4) For purposes of this subsection, the terms "certification" and "professional designation" shall not include a job title within an organization that is licensed or registered by a state or federal financial services regulatory agency, including an agency that regulates broker-dealers, investment advisers, or investment companies, if that job title indicates seniority or standing within the organization or specifies an individual's area of specialization within the organization.

(i) Applicability to federal covered investment advisers. To the extent permitted by federal law, the provisions of this regulation governing investment advisers shall also apply to federal covered investment advisers.

Kan. Admin. Regs. § 81-14-5

Authorized by K.S.A. 17-12a605(a); implementing K.S.A. 17-12a412(d)(13) and 17-12a502(a)(2) and (b); effective Oct. 26, 2001; amended Aug. 18, 2006; amended Aug. 15, 2008; amended May 22, 2009; amended by Kansas Register Volume 34, No. 51; effective 1/4/2016.