Iowa Admin. Code r. 567-43.3

Current through Register Vol. 47, No. 11, December 11, 2024

Rule 567-43.3 - Public water supply system construction

(1)Standards for public water supplies. Any public water supply that does not meet the drinking water standards contained in 567-Chapters 41 and 43 shall make the alterations in accordance with the standards for construction contained in 43.3(2) necessary to comply with the drinking water standards unless the public water supply has been granted a variance from a maximum contaminant level or treatment technique as a provision of its operation permit pursuant to 567-43.2 (455B), provided that the public water supply meets the schedule established pursuant to 567-43.2 (455B). Any public water supply that, in the opinion of the director, contains a potential hazard shall make the alterations in accordance with the standards for construction contained in this rule necessary to eliminate or minimize that hazard. A system that is not operating within the design standards may be required by the department via a compliance schedule to upgrade the deficient areas of the system before a construction permit will be issued for any work in the system that does not address the current deficiencies.

(2)Standards for construction.

a. The standards for a project are the Ten States Standards as adopted through 2012 and the American Water Works Association (AWWA) Standards as adopted through 2016 and 43.3(7) to 43.3(9). To the extent of any conflict between the Ten States Standards and the American Water Works Association Standards and 43.3(7) to 43.3(9), the Ten States Standards, 43.3(2), and 43.3(7) to 43.3(9) shall prevail. Additional standards include the following:

(1) Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe manufactured in accordance with ASTM D2241, AWWA C900, AWWA C905, ASTM F1483, or AWWA C909 may be used for water main construction. The maximum allowable pressure for PVC or polyethylene (PE) pipe shall be determined based on a safety factor of 2.0 and a surge allowance of no less than two feet per second (2 fps).

(2) For CWS groundwater systems, a minimum of two wells shall be provided, unless the system demonstrates to the department's satisfaction that a single well will provide a reliable and adequate source. For NTNC and TNC groundwater systems, a single well is acceptable.

(3) Separation of water mains from sanitary and combined sewers.

1. Horizontal separation of water mains from gravity sanitary and combined sewers. Water mains shall be separated from gravity sanitary and combined sewer mains by a horizontal distance of at least ten feet measured edge to edge unless the bottom of the water main is at least 18 inches above the top of the sewer, and either:

* The water main is placed in a separate trench, or

* The water main is located on a bench of undisturbed earth at a minimum horizontal separation of three feet from the sewer.

If it is not possible to obtain a horizontal separation of three feet and a vertical separation of 18 inches between the bottom of the water main and the top of the sewer, a linear separation of at least two feet shall be provided, and one of the following shall be utilized:

* The water main shall be enclosed in watertight casing pipe with an evenly spaced annular gap and watertight end seals, or

* The sewer shall be constructed of water main materials.

The separation distance between the water main and the sewer shall be the maximum feasible in all cases.

2. Horizontal separation of water mains from sanitary sewer force mains. Water mains shall be separated from sanitary sewer force mains by a horizontal distance of at least ten feet measured edge to edge unless the sanitary sewer force main is constructed of water main materials and the water main is laid at least four feet horizontally from the sanitary sewer force main. The separation distance between the water main and the sanitary sewer force main shall be the maximum feasible in all cases.

3. Vertical separation of water mains from sanitary and combined sewer crossovers. Vertical separation of water mains crossing over any sanitary or combined sewers shall be at least 18 inches when measured from the bottom of the water main to the top of the sewer. If it is not possible to maintain the required vertical separation, one of the following shall be utilized:

* The bottom of the water main shall not be placed closer than six inches above the top of a sewer, or

* The top of the water main shall not be placed closer than 18 inches below the bottom of a sewer.

When a water main crosses below or less than 18 inches above a sanitary or combined sewer, one of the following shall be utilized within ten feet measured edge to edge horizontally, centered on the crossing:

* The water main shall be enclosed in watertight casing pipe with an evenly spaced annular gap and watertight ends, or

* Sewer pipe of water main material shall be installed.

The separation distance shall be the maximum feasible in all cases. Wherever a water main crosses a sanitary or combined sewer, the water main and sanitary or combined sewer pipes must be adequately supported. A low permeability soil shall be used for backfill material within ten feet of the point of crossing along the water main.

4. Horizontal separation of water mains from sanitary and combined sewer manholes. No water pipe shall pass through or come in contact with any part of a sanitary or combined sewer manhole. A minimum horizontal separation of three feet shall be maintained.

(4) Separation of water mains from storm sewers.

1. Horizontal separation of water mains from gravity storm sewers. Water mains shall be separated horizontally from gravity storm sewers by at least ten feet measured edge to edge. If it is not possible to maintain the required horizontal separation of ten feet, a minimum of three feet of separation shall be maintained and one of the following shall be utilized within ten feet measured edge to edge:

* The water main shall be constructed of ductile iron pipe with gaskets impermeable to hydrocarbons, or

* The water main shall be enclosed in watertight casing pipe with an evenly spaced annular gap and watertight end seals, or

* Storm sewer pipe of water main material shall be installed, or

* Reinforced concrete pipe storm sewers shall be constructed with gaskets manufactured in accordance with ASTM C443.

2. Vertical separation of water mains from storm sewer crossovers. Water mains shall be vertically separated from storm sewers by at least 18 inches between the outside edges of the water main and the storm sewer. The separation distance shall be the maximum feasible in all cases. In all cases where a water main crosses a storm sewer, the water main and storm sewer pipes must be adequately supported. A low permeability soil shall be used for backfill material within ten feet of the point of crossing along the water main. If it is not possible to obtain 18 inches of vertical separation where the water main crosses above a storm sewer, a minimum of 6 inches vertical separation shall be maintained and one of the following shall be utilized within ten feet measured edge to edge horizontally, centered on the crossing:

* The water main shall be constructed of ductile iron pipe with gaskets impermeable to hydrocarbons, or

* The water main shall be enclosed in watertight casing pipe with an evenly spaced annular gap and watertight end seals, or

* Storm sewer pipe of water main material shall be installed, or

* Reinforced concrete pipe storm sewers shall be constructed with gaskets manufactured in accordance with ASTM C443.

b. Variance. When engineering justification satisfactory to the director is provided substantially demonstrating that variation from the design standards will result in equivalent or improved effectiveness, such a variation from design standards may be accepted by the director. A variance denial may be appealed to the environmental protection commission pursuant to 567-Chapter 7. Variance requests for projects qualifying for a waiver from the engineering requirement of 43.3(4) may be made without the retained services of a professional engineer.

(3)Construction permits. No person shall construct, install or modify any project without first obtaining, or contrary to any condition of, a construction permit issued by the director or by a local public works department authorized to issue permits under 567-Chapter 9 except as provided in 43.3(3)"b," 43.3(4) and 43.3(6). Construction permits are not required for point-of-use treatment devices installed by a noncommunity water system except those devices required by the department to meet a drinking water standard pursuant to 567-Chapters 41 and 43. No construction permit will be issued for a new public water supply system without a completed viability assessment, which has been approved by the department, and demonstrates that the system is viable, pursuant to 567-43.8 (455B).

a.Construction permit issuance conditions. A permit to construct shall be issued by the director if the director concludes from the application and specifications submitted pursuant to 43.3(4) and 567-40.4 (455B) that the project will comply with the rules of the department. The construction of the project must begin within one year from the date the permit was issued; if it is not, the permit is no longer valid. If construction is ongoing and continuous (aside from delays due to winter or exceptional weather) and the permitted project cannot be completed within one year, the permit shall remain valid until the project is completed. The department may grant an extension of the permit for a multiphase project, for a maximum two additional years.

b.Construction permit application. Application for any project shall be submitted to the department at least 30 days prior to the proposed date for commencing construction or awarding of contracts. This requirement may be waived when it is determined by the department that an imminent health hazard exists to the consumers of a public water supply. Under this waiver, construction, installation, or modification may be allowed by the department prior to review and issuance of a permit if all the following conditions are met:

(1) The construction, installation or modification will alleviate the health hazard;

(2) The construction is done in accordance with the standards for construction pursuant to 43.3(2);

(3) Plans and specifications are submitted within 30 days after construction;

(4) A professional engineer, licensed in the state of Iowa, supervises the construction; and

(5) The supplier of water receives approval of this waiver prior to any construction, installation, or modification.

c.Construction permit fees. A nonrefundable fee for a construction permit issued in accordance with subrules 43.3(3) and 43.3(4) and 567-subrules 40.3(1) and 40.4(1) shall be submitted with the application for a construction permit prior to the authorization to commence construction. The construction permit fee shall be based upon the following rate structure:

(1) Routine construction permits. The fee shall be determined based upon the total length of water main plus the non-water-main-related construction costs, calculated as follows:

1. Water mains (minimum fee of $100; maximum fee of $5,000):

Length of permitted water main	Rate
First 1,000 ft.	$100
Next 19,000 ft.	$0.10/ft.
Next 300,000 ft.	$0.01/ft.
Over 320,000 ft.	No additional charge

2. Non-water-main-related construction costs, including source, treatment, pumping, storage and waste handling (minimum fee of $100; maximum fee of $16,000):

Estimated construction cost	Rate
First $50,000	$100
Next $950,000	0.2% of estimated construction cost
Next $14,000,000	0.1% of estimated construction cost
Over $15,000,000	No additional charge

(2) "As-built" construction. "As-built" construction is defined as construction that occurred before a construction permit is issued. The fee shall be calculated according to 43.3(3)"c"(1), plus an additional fee of $200, and is effective for construction that occurred after December 1, 2003. The fee for water main projects permitted in accordance with paragraph 43.3(3)"e" shall be calculated in accordance with subparagraph 43.3(3)"c"(1); however, the additional "as-built" fee of $200 shall not be assessed for these projects.

(3) Change orders, addenda, permit supplements, and request for time extensions. A fee for change orders, addenda, or permit supplements will only be charged if the aggregate of the changes approved for the project to date causes the total project construction cost to exceed the original project construction cost by at least 5 percent. For water main extensions, the fee will be charged if the total length of water main exceeds the original approved length by 5 percent. The request for a time extension is a flat fee.

Categories	Rate
Change orders, addenda, and permit supplements for water mains	$0.10/ft. of additional water main, minimum fee: $50
Change orders, addenda, and permit supplements for non-water-main-related construction costs	0.2% of additional non-water-main-related construction costs, minimum fee: $50
Request for time extension	$50

(4) Calendar year construction permit fee cap. The total amount of construction permit fees for a public water supply system owner during any calendar year shall not exceed $5,000 for water mains and $16,000 for non-water-main-related construction projects.

d.Water well construction. All water well construction must be performed by a certified well contractor in accordance with 567-Chapter 82. It is the responsibility of the public water supply and certified well contractor to ensure that a public well construction permit has been issued by the department prior to initiation of well construction and to ensure that all well construction is performed in accordance with the provisions of this chapter.

e.Minor water main construction permit. A public water system may obtain a minor water main construction permit from the department for construction or replacement of minor water mains that serve additional users. By obtaining this permit, the system is able to construct new minor water mains or extend or replace existing minor water mains without obtaining an individual construction permit for each specific water main. The permit shall allow construction or replacement of minor water mains that do not exceed six inches in diameter and, in aggregation, do not increase the average daily demand (in gallons per day) of the public water supply system by more than 5 percent over the duration of the permit.

The additional users must have been included in the system's hydraulic analysis that has been approved by the department. The water demands of the additional users must be consistent with the water demands in the approved hydraulic analysis.

(1) A minor water main construction permit shall be issued subject to the following conditions:

1. The system has standard specifications for water main construction approved and on file with the department;

2. The system has adequate source capacity and, where treatment is provided, adequate treatment plant capacity to meet the peak day demand of all existing users and the proposed additional users covered under the permit;

3. The system has adequate storage capacity to meet the average day demand of all existing users and the proposed additional users covered under the permit; and

4. The system submits an application for a minor water main construction permit prior to the construction or replacement of any water main covered by the permit. The permit application must be submitted to the department 90 days before the anticipated first use of the permit, and construction shall not commence prior to the issuance of the permit. The minor water main construction permit expires on December 31 of the year in which it is issued. The application shall include the following:

* An up-to-date hydraulic analysis of the system, prepared and submitted by a licensed professional engineer, must be either on file with the department or submitted with the permit application. The hydraulic basis of flow (gallons per minute per connection) used in the analysis must be acceptable to the department. The hydraulic analysis shall include:

* All existing water mains within the system;

* All proposed water mains intended to be covered by the permit;

* A demonstration that the system has adequate hydraulic capacity to serve the existing and new users under peak flow conditions without causing the pressure to fall below 20 psi anywhere within the system;

* The location of all potential users of the system;

* The diameter of all existing and proposed pipes;

* The projected system flows; and

* The static and dynamic pressures anticipated throughout the system with the addition of the new users incorporated in the analysis.

* A completed Schedule 1b, Minor Water Main Construction Permit Application (Form 542-3151), listed in 567-subrule 40.3(1).

(2) The system must submit completed Schedule 2c, Notification of Minor Water Main Construction (Form 542-3152), prior to the construction or replacement of each minor water main covered by this permit. Each water main covered by the permit must have either been included in the previously submitted hydraulic analysis or must be included in an update to the hydraulic analysis, submitted with Schedule 2c. If an update to the hydraulic analysis is submitted with Schedule 2c, it must include all portions of the distribution system potentially affected by the new construction.

(3) By January 31 of the following year, the system shall submit the following to the department:

1. A complete set of plans for all water main extensions constructed under the permit. The plans must be prepared and submitted by a licensed professional engineer.

2. Completed Schedules 1a, 1c, and 2a, listed in 567-subrule 40.3(1).

3. The construction permit fee calculated in accordance with subparagraph 43.3(3)"c"(1). The fee calculation shall be based upon the total length of water main constructed under the permit. For the purpose of calculating the total amount of water main construction permit fees, paid by the system in accordance with subparagraph 43.3(3)"c"(4), the fee shall be credited to the calendar year in which the actual fee was received by the department.

(4) A permit shall contain such conditions as are deemed necessary by the director to ensure compliance with all applicable rules of the department.

(5) The director may modify the permit, in whole or in part, at any time. The director may suspend or revoke the permit, in whole or in part, at any time by providing written notice to the permit holder and is not obligated to renew the permit. Cause for modification, suspension, or revocation of the permit includes, but is not limited to, the following:

1. Violation of any term or condition of the permit;

2. Misrepresentation of fact or failure to disclose fully all material facts in order to obtain a permit;

3. Failure to submit the records and information as required by the director, both generally and as condition of the permit;

4. Failure to submit timely reports from previous permits;

5. Failure to construct in accordance with approved design standards in accordance with subrule 43.3(2); or

6. Failure to construct in accordance with the system's approved standard specifications.

(6) No variance to the design standards is allowed under this permit. If a variance to the design standards is needed, the system must apply for an individual construction permit following the procedures in 567-subrule 40.4(1).

(4)Waiver from engineering requirements. The requirement for plans and specifications prepared by a licensed professional engineer may be waived for the following types of projects, provided the improvement complies with the standards for construction. This waiver does not relieve the supplier of water from meeting the application and permit requirements pursuant to 43.3(3), except that the applicant need not obtain a written permit prior to installing the equipment.

a. Simple chemical feed, if all the following conditions are met:

(1) The improvement consists only of a simple chemical solution application or installation, which in no way affects the performance of a larger treatment process, or is included as part of a larger treatment project;

(2) The chemical application is by a positive displacement pump (of the piston type with a solenoid operated diaphragm), the acceptability of said pump to be determined by the department;

(3) The supplier of water provides the department with a schematic of the installation and manufacturer's specifications sufficient enough to determine if the simple chemical feed installation meets, where applicable, standards for construction pursuant to 43.3(2);

(4) The final installation is approved based on an on-site review and inspection by department staff; and

(5) The installation includes only the prepackaged delivery of chemicals (from sacks, containers, or carboys) and does not include the bulk storage or transfer of chemicals (from a delivery vehicle).

b. Self-contained treatment unit, if all the following conditions are met:

(1) The equipment is of a type which can be purchased "off the shelf," is self-contained requiring only a piping hookup for installation and operates throughout a range of 35 to 80 pounds per square inch;

(2) The plant is designed to serve no more than an average of 250 individuals per day;

(3) The department receives adequate information from the supplier of water on the type of treatment unit, such as manufacturer's specifications, a schematic indicating the installation's location within the system and any other information necessary for review by the department to determine if the installation will alleviate the maximum contaminant level violation; and

(4) The final installation is approved based on an on-site inspection by department staff.

(5)Project planning and basis of design. An engineering report containing information and data necessary to determine the conformance of the project to the standards for construction and operation in 43.3(2) and the adequacy of the project to supply water in sufficient quantity and at sufficient pressure and of a quality that complies with drinking water standards pursuant to 567-Chapters 41 and 43 must be submitted to the department either with the project or in advance.

a. Such information and data must supply pertinent information as set forth in part one of the Ten States Standards.

b. The department may reject receipt or delay review of the plans and specifications until an adequate basis of design is received.

(6)Standard specifications for water main construction. Standard specifications for water main construction by an entity may be submitted to the department or an authorized local public works department for approval. Such approval shall apply to all future water main construction by or for that entity for which plans are submitted with a statement requiring construction in accordance with all applicable approved standard specifications unless the standards for public water supply systems specified in 43.3(2) are modified subsequent to such approval and the standard specifications would not be approvable under the modified standards. In those cases where such approved specifications are on file, construction may commence 30 days following receipt of such plans by the department or an authorized local public works department if no response has been received indicating construction shall not commence until a permit is issued.

(7)Site, separation distance, and monitoring requirements for new raw water source(s) and underground finished water storage facilities.

a.Approval required. The site for each proposed raw water supply source or finished water below-ground level storage facility must be approved by the department prior to the submission of plans and specifications.

b.Criteria for approval. A site may be approved by the director if the director concludes that the criteria in this paragraph are met.

(1) Groundwater source. Wells shall be planned and constructed to adapt to the geologic and groundwater conditions of the proposed well site to ensure production of water from the wells that is both microbially safe and free of substances that could cause harmful human health effects. Groundwater wells must meet the following requirements:

1. Drainage must be directed away from the well in all directions for a minimum radius of 15 feet.

2. A well site must be separated from contamination sources by the distances specified in Table A at a minimum.

3. After the well site has received preliminary approval from the department, the owner of the proposed well must submit proof of legal control of the land for a 200-foot radius around the well, through purchase, lease, easement, ordinance, or other similar means. Proof of legal control must be submitted as part of the construction permit application, prior to construction. The legal control must be maintained by the public water system for the life of the well, and the system must ensure that the siting criteria indicated in Table A are met.

However, if the proposed well is for an existing noncommunity water system and is replacing an existing well that either does not meet the current standards or is in poor condition, the requirement of 200-foot legal control may be waived by the department provided that:

* The proposed well is located on the best available site;

* The existing facility does not have adequate land to provide the 200-foot control zone;

* The owner has attempted to obtain legal control without success; and

* There is no other public water supply available to which the supply could connect.

4. When the proposed well is located in an existing well field and will withdraw water from the same aquifer as the existing well(s), individual separation distances may be waived if substantial historical data are available indicating that no contamination has resulted.

5. No well shall be constructed within the projected plume of any known anthropogenic groundwater contamination without the department's written approval. The department may allow a well to be constructed within a contamination plume if the applicant can provide adequate treatment to ensure that all drinking water standards are met and that the pumpage of the proposed well will not cause migration of the plume such that it impacts the water quality of other nearby wells. The applicant must demonstrate, using a hydrogeologic model acceptable to the department, that the time of transport is greater than two years for a viral, bacterial, or other microorganism contaminant and greater than ten years for all chemical contaminants. At a minimum, modeling of the projected plume must take into account the proposed pumpage rate of the well. The department may require additional construction standards for these situations to ensure protection of the groundwater from contamination.

6. The department may require that an identification tag be applied to each well and may supply the numbered tag. The responsibility for ensuring that the tag is properly attached to the well is with the certified water well contractor for new wells and with the department for existing wells.

(2) Surface water source. The applicant must submit proof that a proposed surface water source can, through readily available treatment methodology, comply with 567-Chapters 41 and 43, and that the raw water source is adequately protected against potential health hazards including, but not limited to, point source discharges, hazardous chemical spills, and the potential sources of contamination listed in Table A.

After a surface water impoundment has received preliminary approval from the department for use as a raw water source, the owner of the water supply system shall submit proof of legal control through ownership, lease, easement, or other similar means, of contiguous land for a distance of 400 feet from the shoreline at the maximum water level. Legal control shall be for the life of the impoundment and shall control location of sources of contamination within the 400-foot distance. Proof of legal control should be submitted as part of the construction permit application and shall be submitted prior to issuance of a permit to construct.

(3) Below-ground storage facilities. The minimum separation between a below-ground level finished water storage facility and any source of contamination listed in Table A as being 50 feet or more shall be 50 feet. The specific separation distances listed in Table A that are less than 50 feet shall apply to a below-ground level finished water storage facility as indicated in the table.

(4) Separation distances. Greater separation distances may be required where necessary to ensure that no adverse effects to water supplies or the existing environment will result. Lesser separation distances may be considered if detailed justification is provided by the applicant's engineer showing that no adverse effects will result from a lesser separation distance, and the regional staff recommends approval of the lesser distance. Such exceptions must be based on special construction techniques or localized geologic or hydrologic conditions.

c. New source water monitoring requirements. Water quality monitoring shall be conducted on all new water sources and results submitted to the department prior to placing the new water source into service.

(1) All sources. Water samples shall be collected from each new water source and analyzed for all appropriate contaminants as specified in 567-Chapter 41 consistent with the particular water system classification. If multiple new sources are being added, compositing of the samples (within a single system) shall be allowed in accordance with the composite sampling requirements outlined in 567-Chapter 41. A single sample may be allowed to meet this requirement, if approved by the department.

Subsequent water testing shall be conducted consistent with the water system's water supply operation permit monitoring schedule.

(2) Groundwater sources. Water samples collected from groundwater sources in accordance with 43.3(7)"c"(1) shall be conducted at the conclusion of the drawdown/yield test pumping procedure, with the exception of bacteriological monitoring. Bacteriological monitoring must be conducted after disinfection of each new well and subsequent pumping of the chlorinated water to waste. Water samples must be analyzed for ammonia. Water samples should also be analyzed for alkalinity, pH, calcium, chloride, copper, hardness, iron, magnesium, manganese, potassium, silica, specific conductance, sodium, sulfate, filterable and nonfilterable solids, and zinc.

(3) Surface water sources. Water samples collected from surface water sources in accordance with 43.3(7)"c"(1) should be collected prior to the design of the surface water treatment facility and shall be conducted and analyzed prior to utilization of the source. The samples shall be collected during June, July, and August. In addition, quarterly monitoring shall be conducted in March, June, September, and December at a location representative of the raw water at its point of withdrawal. Monitoring shall be for turbidity, alkalinity, pH, calcium, chloride, color, copper, hardness, iron, magnesium, manganese, potassium, silica, specific conductance, sodium, sulfate, filterable and nonfilterable solids, carbonate, bicarbonate, algae (qualitative and quantitative), total organic carbon, five-day biochemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, surfactants, nitrogen series (organic, ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate), and phosphate.

TABLE A: SEPARATION DISTANCES

SOURCE OF CONTAMINATION	REQUIRED MINIMUM LATERAL DISTANCE FROM WELL AS HORIZONTAL ON THE GROUND SURFACE, IN FEET
SOURCE OF CONTAMINATION	Deep Well¹	Shallow Well¹
WASTEWATER STRUCTURES:
Point of Discharge to Ground Surface
Sanitary & industrial discharges	400	400
Water treatment plant wastes	50	50
Well house floor drains	5	5
Sewers & Drains²
Sanitary & storm sewers, drains	0 - 25 feet: prohibited 25 - 75 feet if water main pipe 75 - 200 feet if sanitary sewer pipe	0 - 25 feet: prohibited 25 - 75 feet if water main pipe 75 - 200 feet if sanitary sewer main pipe
Sewer force mains	0 - 75 feet: prohibited 75 - 400 feet if water main pipe 400 - 1000 feet if sanitary sewer pipe	0 - 75 feet: prohibited 75 - 400 feet if water main pipe 400 - 1000 feet if sanitary sewer main pipe
Water plant treatment process wastes that are treated onsite	0 - 5 feet: prohibited 5 - 50 feet if sanitary sewer pipe	0 - 5 feet: prohibited 5 - 50 feet if sanitary sewer main pipe
Water plant wastes to sanitary sewer	0 - 25 feet: prohibited 25 - 75 feet if water main pipe 75 - 200 feet if sanitary sewer pipe	0 - 25 feet: prohibited 25 - 75 feet if water main pipe 75 - 200 feet if sanitary sewer main pipe
Well house floor drains to sewers	0 - 25 feet: prohibited 25 - 75 feet if water main pipe 75 - 200 feet if sanitary sewer pipe	0 - 25 feet: prohibited 25 - 75 feet if water main pipe 75 - 200 feet if sanitary sewer main pipe
Well house floor drains to surface	0 - 5 feet: prsohibited 5 - 50 feet if sanitary sewer pipe	0 - 5 feet: prohibited 5 - 50 feet if sanitary sewer main pipe
Land Disposal of Treated Wastes
Irrigation of wastewater	200	400
Land application of solid wastes³	200	400
Other
Private sewage disposal systems and onsite treatment systems - open portion of treatment system⁴	200	400
Private sewage disposal systems and onsite treatment systems - closed portion of treatment system⁴	100	200
Lagoons	400	1000
Mechanical wastewater treatment plants	200	400
CHEMICALS:
Chemical application to ground surface	100	200
Chemical & mineral storage above ground⁵,⁶	100	200
Chemical & mineral storage on or under ground	200	400
Transmission pipelines (such as fertilizer, liquid petroleum, or anhydrous ammonia)	200	400
ANIMALS:
Animal pasturage	50	50
Animal enclosure	200	400
Earthen silage storage trench or pit	100	200
Animal Wastes
Land application of liquid or slurry	200	400
Land application of solids	200	400
Solids stockpile	200	400
Storage basin or lagoon	400	1000
Storage tank	200	400
MISCELLANEOUS:
Basements, pits, sumps	10	10
Cemeteries	200	200
Cisterns	50	100
Flowing streams or other surface water bodies	50	50
GHEX loop boreholes	200	200
Railroads	100	200
Private wells	200	400
Solid waste landfills and disposal sites⁷	1000	1000

¹Deep and shallow wells, as defined in 567-40.2 (455B): A deep well is a well located and constructed in such a manner that there is a continuous layer of low permeability soil or rock at least 5 feet thick located at least 25 feet below the normal ground surface and above the aquifer from which water is to be drawn. A shallow well is a well located and constructed in such a manner that there is not a continuous layer of low permeability soil or rock (or equivalent retarding mechanism acceptable to the department) at least 5 feet thick, the top of which is located at least 25 feet below the normal ground surface and above the aquifer from which water is to be drawn.

²The separation distances are dependent upon two factors: the type of piping that is in the existing sewer or drain, as noted in the table, and that the piping was properly installed in accordance with the standards.

³Solid wastes are those derived from the treatment of water or wastewater. Certain types of solid wastes from water treatment processes may be land-applied within the separation distance on an individual, case-by-case basis.

⁴Private sewage disposal system is defined in 567-subrule 69.1(2). "Onsite treatment system" includes any wastewater treatment system not included in the definition of a private sewage disposal system that is utilizing onsite wastewater treatment technologies to treat domestic waste, such as those specified in 567-Chapter 69 (but excluding waste stabilization ponds). Open portions of treatment systems include subsurface absorption systems, mound systems, intermittent sand filters, constructed wetlands, open bottom media filters, and waste stabilization ponds. Closed portions of treatment systems include septic tanks, aerobic treatment units, fully contained media filters and impervious vault toilets. These separation distances also apply to septic systems that are not considered privately owned.

⁵The minimum separation distance for liquid fuel storage associated with standby power generators shall be 50 feet if secondary containment is provided. Secondary containment shall provide for a minimum of 110 percent of the liquid fuel storage capacity. Double-walled storage tanks shall not be considered as secondary containment. The separation distance for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) storage shall be 15 feet.

⁶Electrical power transformers mounted on a single utility pole are exempt from the minimum separation distance requirements.

⁷Solid waste means garbage, refuse, rubbish, and other similar discarded solid or semisolid materials, including but not limited to such materials resulting from industrial, commercial, agricultural, and domestic activities.

(8)Drinking water system components. Any drinking water system component which comes into contact with raw, partially treated, or finished water must be suitable for the intended use in a potable water system. The component must be certified by an American National Standards Institute (ANSI) accredited third party for conformance with American National Standards Institute/National Sanitation Foundation (ANSI/NSF) Standard 61 specifications, if such specification exists for the particular product, unless approved components are not reasonably available for use, in accordance with guidance provided by the department. If the component does not meet the ANSI/NSF Standard 61 specifications or no specification is available, the person seeking to supply or use the component must prove to the satisfaction of the department that the component is not toxic or otherwise a potential hazard in a potable public water supply system.

(9)Water treatment filter media material. For single media filters, grain sizes up to 0.8 mm effective size may be approved for filters designed to remove constituents other than those contained in the primary drinking water standards. Pilot or full-scale studies demonstrating satisfactory treatment efficiency and operation with the proposed media will be required prior to issuing any construction permits which allow filter media sizes greater than 0.55 mm.

(10)Best available treatment technology.

a.BATs for organic compounds. The department identifies as indicated in the table below either granular activated carbon (GAC), packed tower aeration (PTA), or oxidation (OXID) as the best available technology, treatment technique, or other means available for achieving compliance with the maximum contaminant level for organic contaminants identified in 567-paragraph 41.5(1)"b." For the purposes of setting MCLs for synthetic organic chemicals, any BAT must be at least as effective as granular activated carbon.

ORGANIC CONTAMINANT	GAC	PTA	OXID
Alachlor	x
Aldicarb	x
Aldicarb sulfone	x
Aldicarb sulfoxide	x
Atrazine	x
Benzene	x	x
Benzo(a)pyrene	x
Carbofuran	x
Carbon tetrachloride	x	x
Chlordane	x
2,4-D	x
Dalapon	x
Dibromochloropropane (DBCP)	x	x
o-Dichlorobenzene	x	x
p-Dichlorobenzene	x	x
1,2-Dichloroethane	x	x
cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene	x	x
trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene	x	x
1,1-Dichloroethylene	x	x
Dichloromethane		x
1,2-Dichloropropane	x	x
Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate	x	x
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate	x
Dinoseb	x
Diquat	x
Endothall	x
Endrin	x
Ethylene dibromide (EDB)	x	x
Ethylbenzene	x	x
Glyphosate			x
Heptachlor	x
Heptachlor epoxide	x
Hexachlorobenzene	x
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene	x	x
Lindane	x
Methoxychlor	x
Monochlorobenzene	x	x
Oxamyl (Vydate)	x
Pentachlorophenol	x
Picloram	x
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB)	x
Simazine	x
Styrene	x	x
2,4,5-TP (Silvex)	x
Tetrachloroethylene	x	x
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene	x	x
1,1,1-Trichloroethane	x	x
1,1,2-Trichloroethane	x	x
Trichloroethylene	x	x
2,3,7,8-TCDD (Dioxin)	x
Toluene	x	x
Toxaphene	x
Vinyl chloride		x
Xylene	x	x

b.BATs for inorganic compounds and radionuclides.

(1) Inorganic compounds. The department identifies the following as the best technology, treatment techniques, or other means available for achieving compliance with the maximum contaminant levels for the inorganic contaminants listed in 567-paragraph 41.3(1)"b," except fluoride.

INORGANIC CHEMICAL	BAT(s)
Antimony	2, 7
Arsenic^d	1,2,5,6,7,9, 11^e
Asbestos	2, 3, 8
Barium	5, 6, 7, 9
Beryllium	1, 2, 5, 6, 7
Cadmium	2, 5, 6, 7
Chromium	2, 5, 6^b, 7
Cyanide	5, 7, 12
Mercury	2^a, 4, 6^a, 7^a
Nickel	5, 6, 7
Nitrate	5, 7, 9
Nitrite	5, 7
Selenium	1, 2^c, 6, 7, 9
Thallium	1,5

Key to BATs

1=Activated Alumina	5=Ion Exchange	9=Electrodialysis
2=Coagulation/Filtration*	6=Lime Softening*	10=Chlorine
3=Direct and Diatomite Filtration	7=Reverse Osmosis	11=Oxidation/Filtration
4=Granular Activated Carbon	8=Corrosion Control	12=Alkaline Chlorination (pH greater than or equal to 8.5)

*not BAT for systems with less than 500 service connections

^aBAT only if influent Hg concentrations are less than or equal to 10 micrograms/liter.

^bBAT for Chromium III only.

^cBAT for Selenium IV only.

^dBAT for Arsenic V. Preoxidation may be required to convert Arsenic III to Arsenic V.

^eTo obtain high removals, iron to arsenic ratio must be at least 20:1.

(2) Small system compliance technologies for arsenic. The department identifies in the following table the affordable technology, treatment techniques, or other means available to systems serving 10,000 or fewer persons for achieving compliance with the arsenic maximum contaminant level.

SMALL SYSTEM COMPLIANCE TECHNOLOGIES FOR ARSENIC¹

Technology	Affordable for listed small system categories²
Activated alumina	All size categories
Coagulation/filtration³	501 - 3,300 and 3,301 - 10,000
Coagulation-assisted microfiltration	501 - 3,300 and 3,301 - 10,000
Electrodialysis reversal⁴	501 - 3,300 and 3,301 - 10,000
Enhanced coagulation/filtration	All size categories
Enhanced lime softening (pH >10.5)	All size categories
Ion exchange	All size categories
Lime softening³	501 - 3,300 and 3,301 . 10,000
Oxidation/filtration⁵	All size categories
Reverse osmosis⁴	501 - 3,300 and 3,301 . 10,000

¹Technologies are for Arsenic V. Preoxidation may be required to convert Arsenic III to Arsenic V.

²There are three categories of small systems: those serving 25 to 500 people, those serving 501 to 3,300 people, and those serving 3,301 to 10,000 people.

³Unlikely to be installed solely for arsenic removal. May require pH adjustment to optimal range if high removals are needed.

⁴Technologies reject a large volume of water. May not be appropriate for areas where water quantity may be an issue.

⁵To obtain high removals, iron to arsenic ratio must be at least 20:1.

(3) Radionuclides.

1. The department identifies in the following table the best available technology for achieving compliance with the radionuclide maximum contaminant levels as indicated.

RADIONUCLIDE BAT

Contaminant	Best Available Technology
Gross alpha particle activity (excluding radon and uranium)	Reverse osmosis
Beta particle and photon radioactivity	Ion exchange, reverse osmosis
Combined radium-226 and radium-228	Ion exchange, reverse osmosis, lime softening
Uranium	Ion exchange, reverse osmosis, lime softening, coagulation/filtration

2. Small system compliance technologies. The following technologies are identified as radionuclide BAT for systems serving 10,000 or fewer people.

RADIONUCLIDES SMALL SYSTEM COMPLIANCE TECHNOLOGIES

Contaminant	Compliance Technology^a
Gross alpha particle activity	2
Beta particle and photon radioactivity	1, 2
Combined radium-226 and radium-228	1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Uranium	1, 2^b, 3^b, 8, 9

^aCompliance technologies are listed with their corresponding number and potential limitations for use, as follows:

1: Ion exchange. The regeneration solution contains high concentrations of the contaminant ions. Disposal options should be carefully considered before choosing this technology.

2: Reverse osmosis. Reject water disposal options should be carefully considered before choosing this technology.

3: Lime softening. The complexity of the water chemistry may make this technology too complex for small systems.

4: Green sand filtration. Removal efficiencies can vary depending on water quality.

5: Coprecipitation with barium sulfate. This technology has limited applications to small systems, and is most applicable to systems with sufficiently high sulfate levels that already have a suitable filtration treatment train in place.

6: Electrodialysis/electrodialysis reversal.

7: Pre-formed hydrous manganese oxide filtration. This technology is most applicable to small systems that have existing filtration technology.

8: Activated alumina. The regeneration solution contains high concentrations of the contaminant ions. Disposal options should be carefully considered before choosing this technology. Handling of chemicals required during regeneration and pH adjustment requires an adequately trained operator.

9: Enhanced coagulation/filtration. This technology assumes that it is a modification to an existing coagulation/filtration process.

^bNot recommended for systems serving 25 to 500 persons.

c.BATs for disinfection byproducts and disinfectants. The department identifies the following as the best technology, treatment techniques, or other means available for achieving compliance with the maximum contaminant levels for the disinfection byproducts listed in 567-paragraph 41.5(2)"b," and the maximum residual disinfectant levels listed in 567-paragraph 41.5(2)"c."

DBP MCL or MRDL	Best Available Technology
Bromate MCL	Control of ozone treatment process to reduce production of bromate
Chlorite MCL	Control of treatment processes to reduce disinfectant demand and control of disinfection treatment processes to reduce disinfectant levels
HAA5 and TTHM MCL running annual average	Enhanced coagulation or enhanced softening or GAC10, with chlorine as the primary and residual disinfectant
HAA5 and TTHM MCL LRAA	* Non-consecutive system: Enhanced coagulation or enhanced softening, plus GAC10; or nanofiltration with a molecular weight cutoff that is less than or equal to 1000 Daltons; or GAC20 * Consecutive system serving at least 10,000 persons: Improved distribution system and storage tank management to reduce residence time, plus the use of chloramines for disinfectant residual maintenance Consecutive system serving fewer than 10,000 persons*: Improved distribution system and storage tank management to reduce residence time
MRDL	Control of treatment processes to reduce disinfectant demand and control of disinfection treatment processes to reduce disinfectant levels

* Applies only to the disinfected water that consecutive systems buy or otherwise receive.

d.Requirement to install BAT. The department shall require community water systems and nontransient noncommunity water systems to install and use any treatment method identified in 43.3(10) as a condition for granting an interim contaminant level except as provided in paragraph "e." If, after the system's installation of the treatment method, the system cannot meet the maximum contaminant level, the system shall be eligible for a compliance schedule with an interim contaminant level granted under the provisions of 567-subrule 42.1(9) and rule 567-43.2 (455B).

e.Engineering assessment option. If a system can demonstrate through comprehensive engineering assessments, which may at the direction of the department include pilot plant studies, that the treatment methods identified in 43.3(10) would only achieve a de minimis reduction in contaminants, the department may issue a schedule of compliance that requires the system being granted the variance to examine other treatment methods as a condition of obtaining the interim contaminant level.

f.Compliance schedule. If the department determines that a treatment method identified in 43.3(10)"a," "b," and "c" is technically feasible, the department may require the system to install or use that treatment method in connection with a compliance schedule issued under the provisions of 567-subrule 42.1(9) and rule 567-43.2 (455B). The determination shall be based upon studies by the system and other relevant information.

g.Avoidance of unacceptable risk to health (URTH). The department may require a public water system to use bottled water, point-of-use devices, point-of-entry devices or other means as a condition of granting a variance or an exemption, or issuance of a compliance schedule, from the requirements of 43.3(10) to avoid an unreasonable risk to health.

Iowa Admin. Code r. 567-43.3

ARC 9915B, IAB 12/14/11, effective 1/18/12

Amended by IAB April 11, 2018/Volume XL, Number 21, effective 5/16/2018

Amended by IAB February 9, 2022/Volume XLIV, Number 16, effective 3/16/2022