Rule 391-3-17-.04 - Special Radiation Safety Requirements for Industrial Radiographic Operations(1)Purpose.The provisions of this Rule establish radiation safety requirements and certification procedures for persons utilizing radioactive materials for industrial radiography. Each licensee and certificate holder is responsible for ensuring compliance with these Rules, his license conditions, and Orders of the Director. Each licensee and certificate holder is also responsible for ensuring that persons performing activities under a license comply with the Rules, license conditions, and Orders of the Director.
(2)Scope.(a) The provisions of this Rule are in addition to and not a substitution for the other requirements of this Chapter. The provisions of this Rule apply to all licensees who use radioactive materials for industrial radiography; provided, however, that nothing in this Rule shall apply to the use of radioactive materials in the healing arts.(b) The licensee shall inform the Division within three days of work to be performed at temporary job sites within the State of Georgia. If the licensee was not given three days notice for a particular job site the licensee shall provide notification to the Division prior to starting work at the site. The following information is required in the notification: the location of the job site; the employing company; a point of contact for the employing company; the dates of the job; and the starting and ending times on the job site.(3)Definitions. The definitions set forth for certain terms in Rule 391-3-17-.01 are applicable to those terms as used in this Rule. The following additional definitions also apply: (a) "Annual refresher safety training" means a review conducted or provided by the licensee for its employees on radiation safety aspects of industrial radiography. The review shall include, as a minimum, any results of internal inspections, new procedures or equipment, new or revised regulations, and accidents or errors that have been observed. The review shall also provide opportunities for employees to ask safety questions.(b) "ANSI" means American National Standards Institute.(c) "Associated equipment" means equipment that is used in conjunction with a radiographic exposure device to make radiographic exposures that drives, guides, or comes in contact with the source. (e.g., guide tube, control tube, control (drive) cable, removable source stop, "J" tube and collimator when used as an exposure head.)(d) "Cabinet radiography" means industrial radiography conducted in an enclosure or cabinet so shielded that radiation levels at every location on the exterior meet the conditions specified in Rule 391-3-17-.03(5)(i).(e) "Certifying entity" means an independent certifying organization meeting the requirements in Appendix A of this Rule or an Agreement State regulatory program meeting the requirements in Appendix A, Parts II and III of this Rule.(f) "Collimator" means a device used to limit the size, shape, and direction of the primary beam of radiation.(g) "Control cable" means the cable that is connected to the source assembly and used to drive the source to and from the exposure location.(h) "Control drive mechanism" means a device that enables the source assembly to be moved into and out of the exposure device.(i) "Control tube" means a protective sheath for guiding the control cable. The control tube connects the control drive mechanism to the radiographic exposure device.(j) "Enclosed radiography" means industrial radiography conducted in an enclosed cabinet or room and includes cabinet radiography and shielded room radiography.(k) "Exposure head" means a device that locates the gamma radiography sealed source in the selected working position. An exposure head is also known as a source stop.(l) "Field station" means a facility from which sources of radiation may be stored or used and from which equipment is dispatched.(m) "Guide tube" means a flexible or rigid tube, or "J" tube, for guiding the source assembly and the attached control cable from the exposure device to the exposure head. The guide tube may also include the connections necessary for attachment to the exposure device and to the exposure head.(n) "Hands-on experience" means experience in all of those areas considered to be directly involved in the radiography process.(o) "Independent certifying organization" means an independent organization that meets all of the criteria of Appendix A of this Rule.(p) "Industrial radiography" means the examination of the macroscopic structure of materials by nondestructive methods using sources of ionizing radiation to produce radiographic images.(q) "Lay-barge radiography" means industrial radiography performed on any water vessel used for laying pipe.(r) "Offshore platform radiography" means industrial radiography conducted from a platform over a body of water.(s) "Permanent radiographic installation" means a shielded installation or structure designed or intended for radiography and in which radiography is regularly performed.(t) "Personal supervision" means guidance and instruction provided to a radiographer's assistant by a radiographer who is present at the site, in visual contact with the radiographer's assistant while the radiographer's assistant is using radioactive material, and in such proximity that immediate assistance can be given if required.(u) "Pigtail" see "Source assembly".(v) "Pill" see "Sealed source".(w) "Practical examination" means a demonstration through application of the safety rules and principles in industrial radiography including use of all procedures and equipment to be used by radiographic personnel.(x) "Radiation Safety Officer" means an individual named by the licensee who has a knowledge of, responsibility for, and authority to impose appropriate radiation protection rules, standards, and practices on behalf of the licensee and who meets the requirements of (15) of this Rule.(y) "Radiographer" means any individual who performs or who, in attendance at the site where radioactive materials are being used, personally supervises industrial radiographic operations and who is responsible to the licensee for assuring compliance with the requirements of this Chapter and all license conditions.(z) "Radiographer certification" means written approval received from a certifying entity stating that an individual has satisfactorily met the radiation safety, testing, and experience criteria in (16) of this rule.(aa) "Radiographer's assistant" means any individual who under the direct supervision of a radiographer, uses radiographic exposure devices, radioactive materials, related handling tools, or radiation survey instruments in industrial radiography.(bb) "Radiographic exposure device" means any instrument containing a sealed source fastened or contained therein, in which the sealed source or shielding thereof may be moved, or otherwise changed, from a shielded to an unshielded position for purposes of making a radiographic exposure (e.g. camera).(cc) "Radiographic operations" means all activities performed with a radiographic exposure device. Activities include using, transporting except by common or contract carriers, or storing at a temporary job site, performing surveys to confirm the adequacy of boundaries, setting up equipment, and any activity inside restricted area boundaries.(dd) "Residential location" means any area where structures in which people live or lodge are located, and the grounds on which such structures are located including, but not limited to, houses, apartments, condominiums, and garages.(ee) "S-tube" means a tube through which the radioactive source travels when inside a radiographic exposure device.(ff) "Sealed source" means any radioactive material that is encased in a capsule designed to prevent leakage or escape of the radioactive material.(gg) "Shielded position" means the location within the radiographic exposure device or storage container which, by manufacturer's design, is the proper location for storage of the sealed source.(hh) "Shielded-room radiography" means industrial radiography conducted in a room shielded so that radiation levels at every location on the exterior meet the limitations specified in Rule 391-3-17-.03(5)(i) of this Chapter.(ii) "Source assembly" means an assembly that consists of the sealed source and a connector that attaches the source to the control cable. The source assembly may include a ball stop to secure the source in the shielded position.(jj) "Source changer" means a device designed and used for replacement of sealed sources in radiographic exposure devices, including those source changers also used for transporting and storage of sealed sources.(kk) "Storage area" means any location, facility, or vehicle which is used to store, to transport, or to secure a radiographic exposure device, a storage container, or a sealed source when it is not in use and which is locked or has a physical barrier to prevent accidental exposure, tampering with, or unauthorized removal of the device, container, or source.(ll) "Storage container" means a shielded device in which sealed sources are secured and stored.(mm) "Temporary job site" means any location where radiographic operations are performed and where sources of radiation may be stored other than the location(s) listed specifically on the license.(nn) "Transport container" means a package that is designed to provide radiation safety and security when sealed sources are transported and meets all applicable requirements of the U.S. Department of Transportation.(oo) "Underwater radiography" means radiographic operations performed when the radiographic exposure device or radiation machine and/or related equipment are beneath the surface of the water.(4)Licensing Requirements for Industrial Radiography Operations. The Director will approve an application for a specific license for the use of licensed material if the applicant meets the following requirements: (a) The applicant satisfies the general requirements specified in Rule 391-3-17-.02(8), as applicable, and any special requirements contained in this Rule;(b) The applicant submits an adequate program for training radiographers and radiographer's assistants that meets the requirements of .04(16):1. After April 18, 2004, the applicant need not describe the initial training and examination program for radiographers in the subjects outlined in .04(16)(g).2. The applicant may affirm that all individuals acting as industrial radiographers will be certified in radiation safety by a certifying entity before commencing duty as radiographers. This affirmation substitutes for a description of its initial training and examination program for radiographers in the subjects outlined in .04(16)(g).(c) The applicant submits procedures for verifying and documenting the certification status of radiographers and for ensuring that the certification of individuals acting as radiographers remains valid;(d) The applicant submits written operating and emergency procedures as described in .04(17);(e) The applicant submits a description of a program for inspections of the job performance of each radiographer and radiographer's assistant at intervals not to exceed six months as described in .04(16)(e);(f) The applicant submits a description of the applicant's overall organizational structure as it applies to the radiation safety responsibilities in industrial radiography, including specified delegation of authority and responsibility;(g) The applicant submits the qualifications of the individual(s) designated as the radiation safety officer as described in .04(15)(a);(h) If an applicant intends to perform leak testing of sealed sources or exposure devices containing depleted uranium (DU) shielding, the applicant must describe the procedures for performing the test. The description must include the: 1. Methods of collecting the samples;2. Instruments to be used;3. Methods of analyzing the samples; and4. Qualifications of the individual who analyzes the samples.(i) If the applicant intends to perform calibrations of survey instruments and alarming ratemeters, the applicant must describe methods to be used and the experience of the person(s) who will perform the calibrations. All calibrations must be performed according to the procedures described and at the intervals prescribed in .04(8)(b) and .04(19)(g)4.;(j) The applicant identifies and describes the location(s) of all field stations and permanent radiographic installations;(k) The applicant identifies the location(s) where all records required by this and other Rules in this Chapter will be maintained;(l) If a license application includes underwater radiography the applicant must submit a description of: 1. Radiation safety procedures and radiographer responsibilities unique to the performance of underwater radiography;2. Radiographic equipment and radiation safety equipment unique to underwater radiography; and3. Methods for gas-tight encapsulation of equipment; and(m) If an application includes offshore platform and/or lay-barge radiography the applicant must submit a description of:1. Transport procedures for radioactive material to be used in industrial radiographic operations;2. Storage facilities for radioactive material; and3. Methods for restricting access to radiation areas.(5)Performance Requirements for Radiography Equipment. Equipment used in industrial radiographic operations must meet the following minimum criteria: (a) Each radiographic exposure device, source assembly or sealed source and all associated equipment must meet the requirements specified in American National Standards Institute (ANSI) N432-1980 "Radiological Safety for the Design and Construction of Apparatus for Gamma Radiography," (published as NBS Handbook 136, issued January 1981). (This publication may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 20402 and from the American National Standards Institute, Inc., 25 West 43rd Street, New York, New York 10036, Telephone (212) 642-4900. Copies of the document are available for inspection at the Department of Natural Resources, Environmental Protection Division, Radioactive Materials Program, 4244 International Parkway, Suite 120, Atlanta, Georgia 30354 or current address.)(b) In addition to the requirements specified in (5)(a) of this Rule, the following requirements apply to radiographic exposure devices, source changers, source assemblies or sealed sources: 1. Each radiographic exposure device must have attached to it by the user, a durable, legible, clearly visible label bearing the:(i) Chemical symbol and mass number of the radionuclide in the device;(ii) Activity and the date on which this activity was last measured;(iii) Model number (or product code) and serial number of the sealed source;(iv) Manufacturer of the sealed source; and(v) Licensee's name, address, and telephone number.2. Radiographic exposure devices intended for use as Type B transport containers must meet the applicable requirements of 10 CFR Part 71.3. Modification of any radiographic exposure devices, source changers, source assemblies and associated equipment is prohibited, unless the design of any replacement component, including source holder, source assembly, controls or guide tubes would not compromise the design safety features of the system.(c) In addition to the requirements specified in .04(5)(a) and (5)(b) the following requirements apply to radiographic exposure devices, source assemblies and associated equipment that allow the source to be moved out of the device for routine operation or to source changers: 1. The coupling between the source assembly and the control cable must be designed in such a manner that the source assembly will not become disconnected if cranked outside the guide tube. The coupling must be such that it cannot be unintentionally disconnected under normal and reasonably foreseeable abnormal conditions.2. The device must automatically secure the source assembly when it is cranked back into the fully shielded position within the device. This securing system may only be released by means of a deliberate operation on the exposure device.3. The outlet fittings, lock box, and drive cable fittings on each radiographic exposure device must be equipped with safety plugs or covers which must be installed during storage and transportation to protect the source assembly from water, mud, sand or other foreign matter.4. Each sealed source or source assembly must have attached to it or engraved in it, a durable, legible, visible label with the words: "DANGER - RADIOACTIVE." The label must not interfere with the safe operation of the exposure device or associated equipment.5. The guide tube must be able to withstand a crushing test that closely approximates the crushing forces that are likely to be encountered during use, and be able to withstand a kinking resistance test that closely approximates the kinking forces likely to be encountered during use.6. Guide tubes must be used when moving the source out of the device.7. An exposure head or similar device designed to prevent the source assembly from passing out of the end of the guide tube must be attached to the outermost end of the guide tube during radiographic operations.8. The guide tube exposure head connection must be able to withstand the tensile test for control units specified in ANSI N432-1980.9. Source changers must provide a system for ensuring that the source will not be accidentally withdrawn from the changer when connecting or disconnecting the drive cable to or from a source assembly.(d) All radiographic exposure devices and associated equipment in use after January 10, 1996 must comply with the requirements of .04(5).(e) Notwithstanding (5)(a) equipment used in industrial radiographic operations need not comply with section 8.9.2(c) of the Endurance Test in ANSI N432-1980 if the prototype equipment has been tested using a torque value representative of the torque that an individual using the radiography equipment can realistically exert on the lever or crankshaft of the drive mechanism.(6)Equipment Control. Limits on External Radiation Levels From Storage Containers and Source Changers. The maximum exposure rate limits for storage containers and source changers are 2 millisieverts (200 mrem) per hour at any exterior surface, and 0.1 millisieverts (10 mrem) per hour at one meter from any exterior surface with the sealed source in the shielded position.(7)Locking and Storage of Radiographic Devices, Storage Containers, and Source Changers.(a) Each radiographic exposure device shall be provided with a lock or outer locked container designed to prevent unauthorized or accidental removal of a sealed source from its shielded position. The exposure device and/or its container shall be kept locked1 at all times except when not under the direct surveillance of a radiographer or a radiographer's assistant except at a permanent radiographic installations as stated in .04(21).(b) Each sealed source storage container and source changer shall be provided with a lock or outer locked container designed to prevent unauthorized or accidental removal of the sealed source from its shielded position. Storage containers and source changers must be and kept locked when containing sealed sources except when the container is under the direct surveillance of a radiographer of radiographer's assistant.(c) Radiographic exposure devices, source changers, and storage containers, prior to being moved from one location to another and also prior to being secured at a given location, shall be locked and surveyed to assure that the sealed source is in the shielded position.(d) During radiographic operations the sealed source shall be secured in its shielded position by locking the exposure device or securing the remote control each time the sealed source is returned to its shielded position. A survey shall be performed to determine that the sealed source is in the shielded position.(e) Storage Precautions. 1. Locked radiographic exposure devices and storage containers shall be physically secured to prevent tampering or removal by unauthorized personnel.2. Radiographic exposure devices, source changers, or transport containers that contain radioactive material may not be stored in residential locations. This Rule does not apply to storage of radioactive material in a vehicle in transit for use at temporary job sites, if the licensee complies with (7)(e)3. of this Rule and if the vehicle does not constitute a permanent storage location as described in (7)(e)4. of this Rule.3. If a vehicle is to be used for storage of radioactive material, a vehicle survey shall be performed after securing the radioactive material in the vehicle and before transport to ensure that radiation levels do not exceed the limits specified in Rule .03 (5(i) of this Chapter at the exterior surface of the vehicle. (i) If this vehicle is parked in a residential location a 360° survey of the vehicle must be performed before leaving the vehicle unattended to ensure that radiation levels do not exceed the limits specified in Rule .03 (5(i) of this Chapter.(ii) An unattended vehicle shall have the name, local address, and local telephone number of the person responsible for the vehicle, posted on it in a conspicuous place on the vehicle.4. A storage or use location is considered permanent if radioactive material is stored at the location for more than 90 days and any one or more of the following applies to the location: (i) Telephone service is established by the licensee;(ii) Industrial radiographic services are advertised for or from the location;(iii) Industrial radiographic operations are conducted at other sites due to arrangements made from the location.(8)Radiation Survey Instruments.(a) The licensee shall maintain sufficient calibrated and operable radiation survey instruments to make physical radiation surveys as required by this Rule and Rule 391-3-17-.03(7)(a)1. and 2. Instrumentation required herein shall have a range such that two milliroentgens per hour through one Roentgen per hour can be measured.(b) The licensee shall have each radiation survey instrument required under .04(4)(d) calibrated: 1. By a person licensed or certified by the Director, another Agreement State, or the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission to perform such service;2. At energies appropriate for the licensee's use;3. At intervals not to exceed six months and after each instrument servicing, except for battery changes;4. To demonstrate an accuracy within ±20 percent; and5. At two points located approximately 1/3 and 2/3 of full-scale on each scale for linear scale instruments; at midrange of each decade, and at two points of at least one decade for logarithmic scale instruments; and at approximate points for digital instruments.(c) The licensee shall maintain records of the results of the instrument calibrations in accordance with .04(25).(9)Leak Testing and Replacement of Sealed Sources.(a) The replacement of any sealed source fastened to or contained in a radiographic exposure device and leak testing of any sealed source shall be performed only by persons specially authorized to do so by the Division, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, or an Agreement State.(b) The opening, repair, or modification of any sealed source shall be performed only by persons specially authorized to do so by the Division, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, or an Agreement State.(c) Testing and Record keeping Requirements 1. Each licensee who uses a sealed source shall have the source tested for leakage at intervals not to exceed six months. The leak testing of the source must be performed using a method approved by the Division, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, or by another Agreement State. The wipe sample should be taken from the nearest accessible point to the sealed source where contamination might accumulate. The wipe sample must be analyzed for radioactive contamination. The analysis must be capable of detecting the presence of 0.005 microcuries (185 bequerel) of radioactive material on the test sample and must be performed by a person specifically authorized by the Division, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, or another Agreement State to perform the analysis.2. The licensee shall maintain records of the leak test in accordance with .04(26)3. Unless a sealed source is accompanied by a certificate from a transferor that shows that it has been leak tested within the six months before the transfer, it shall not be used by the licensee until tested for leakage. Sealed sources authorized for storage and not in use do not require leak testing, but must be tested before use or transfer to another person if the interval of storage exceeds six months.4. Any test conducted pursuant to the requirements of (9)(c)1. and 3. of this Rule which reveals the presence of 0.005 microcuries (185 bequerel) or more of removable radioactive material shall be considered evidence that the sealed source is leaking. The licensee shall immediately withdraw the equipment involved from use and shall cause it to be decontaminated and repaired or to be disposed of in accordance with Division Rules. A report shall be filed, within five (5) days after obtaining results of the test, with the Division, describing the equipment involved, the test results, and the corrective action taken.5. Each exposure device using depleted uranium (DU) shielding and an "S" tube configuration must be tested for DU contamination at intervals not to exceed 12 months. The analysis must be capable of detecting the presence of 0.005 microcuries (185 becquerel) of radioactive material on the test sample and must be performed by a person specifically authorized by the Division, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, or another Agreement State to perform the analysis. Should such testing reveal the presence of DU contamination, the exposure device must be removed from use until an evaluation of the wear of the S-tube has been made. Should the evaluation reveal that the S-tube is worn through, the device may not be used again. DU shielded devices do not have to be tested for DU contamination while not in use and in storage. Before using or transferring such a device, however, the device must be tested for DU contamination, if the interval of storage exceeds 12 months. A record of the DU leak-test must be made in accordance with .04(26).(10)Quarterly Inventory.(a) Each licensee shall conduct a quarterly physical inventory to account for all sealed sources and devices containing depleted uranium received or possessed under the license.(b) The licensee shall maintain records of the quarterly inventories in accordance with .04(27)(11)Inspection and Maintenance of Radiographic Exposure Devices, Transport and Storage Containers, Associated Equipment, Source Changers, and Survey Instruments.(a) The licensee shall perform visual and operability checks on survey meters radiographic exposure devices, transport and storage containers, associated equipment and source changers before each day's use, or work shift, to ensure that:1. The equipment is in good working condition;2. The sources are adequately shielded; and3. Required labeling is present.(b) Survey instrument operability must be performed using check sources or other appropriate means.(c) If equipment problems are found, the equipment must be removed from service until repaired.(d) Each licensee shall have written procedures for and perform inspection and routine maintenance of radiographic exposure devices, source changers, associated equipment, transport and storage containers, and survey instruments at intervals not to exceed three months or before the first use thereafter to ensure the proper functioning of components important to safety. If equipment problems are found, the equipment must be removed from service until repaired.(e) The licensee's inspection and maintenance program must include procedures to assure that Type B packages are shipped and maintained in accordance with the certificate of compliance or other approval.(f) Records of equipment problems and of any maintenance performed under .04(11)(c) and (d) shall be maintained in accordance with .04(29).(12)Permanent Radiographic Installations.(a) Each entrance that is used for personnel access to the high radiation area in a permanent radiographic installation shall have either: 1. An entrance control of the types described in Rule 391-3-17-.03(9)(a)1., or .03(9)(a)2. that causes the radiation level upon entry into the area to be reduced; or2. Both visible and audible warning signals to warn of the presence of radiation. The visible signal shall be activated by radiation whenever the source is exposed. The audible signal shall be actuated when an attempt is made to enter the installation while the source is exposed.(b) The alarm system shall be tested for proper operation with a radiation source each day before the installation is used for radiographic operations. The test must include a check of both the visible and audible signals. Entrance control devices that reduce the radiation level upon entry as designated in .04(12)(a) must be tested monthly. If an entrance control device or alarm system is operating improperly, it shall be immediately labeled as defective and repaired within seven calendar days. The facility may continue to be used during this seven day period, provided the licensee implements the continuous surveillance requirements of .04(21) and uses an alarming ratemeter. Test records for entrance controls and audible and visual alarms and records of repairs must be maintained in accordance with .04(30).(13)Labeling, Storage, and Transportation.(a) The licensee may not use a source changer or a container to store radioactive material unless the source changer or the storage container has securely attached to it a durable, legible, and clearly visible label bearing the standard trefoil radiation caution symbol conventional colors, i.e., magenta, purple or black on a yellow background, having a minimum diameter of 25 mm, and the wording: CAUTION *
RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL
NOTIFY CIVIL AUTHORITIES [or " NAME OF COMPANY"]
* --- or "DANGER"
(b) The licensee may not transport radioactive material unless the material is packaged, and the package is labeled, marked, and accompanied with appropriate shipping papers in accordance with regulations set out in Rule 391-3-17-.06.(c) Radiographic exposure devices, source changers, and storage containers, must be physically secured to prevent tampering or removal by unauthorized personnel. The licensee shall store radioactive material in a manner that will minimize danger from explosion or fire.(d) The licensee shall lock and physically secure the transport package containing radioactive material in the transporting vehicle to prevent accidental loss, tampering, or unauthorized removal.(e) The licensee's name and city or town where the main business office is located shall be prominently displayed with a durable, clearly visible label(s) on both sides of all vehicles used to transport radioactive material for temporary job site use.(14)Conducting Industrial Radiographic Operations.(a) Whenever radiography is performed at a location other than a permanent radiographic installation, the radiographer must be accompanied by at least one other qualified radiographer or an individual who has at a minimum met the requirements of .04(16)(c). The additional qualified individual shall observe the operations and be capable of providing immediate assistance to prevent unauthorized entry. Radiography may not be performed if only one qualified individual is present.(b) All radiographic operations conducted at locations of use authorized on the license must be conducted in a permanent radiographic installation, unless otherwise specifically authorized by the Division.(c) Except when physically impossible, collimators shall be used in industrial radiographic operations that use radiographic exposure devices that allow the source to be moved out of the device.(d) A licensee may conduct lay-barge, offshore platform, or underwater radiography only if procedures have been approved by the Division.(15)Radiation Safety Officer. A Radiation Safety Officer (RSO) shall be designated on every industrial radiography license issued by the Director. The Radiation Safety Officer shall ensure that radiation safety activities are being performed in accordance with approved procedures and regulatory requirements in the daily operation of the licensee's program.(a) The minimum qualifications, training, and experience for radiation safety officers for industrial radiography are as follows:1. Completion of the training and testing requirements of .04(16);2. 2,000 hours of hands-on experience as a qualified radiographer in industrial radiographic operations; and3. Formal training in the establishment and maintenance of a radiation protection program.(b) The Division will consider alternatives when the radiation safety officer has appropriate training and experience in the field of ionizing radiation, and in addition, has adequate formal training with respect to the establishment and maintenance of a radiation safety protection program.(c) The specified duties of the RSO include, but are not limited to, the following: 1. Establishing and overseeing all operating, emergency, and ALARA procedures, and to review them regularly to ensure that the procedures are current and conform with these Rules;2. Overseeing and approving all phases of the training program for radiographic personnel so that appropriate and effective radiation protection practices are taught;3. Ensuring that required radiation surveys and leak tests are performed and documented in accordance with these Rules, including any corrective measures when levels of radiation exceed established limits;4. Ensuring that personnel monitoring devices are calibrated and used properly by occupationally-exposed personnel, that records are kept of the monitoring results, and that timely notifications are made as required by this Chapter;5. Ensuring that any required interlock switches and warning signals are functioning and that radiation signs, ropes, and barriers are properly posted and positioned;6. Investigating and reporting to the Division each known or suspected case of radiation exposure to an individual, or radiation level detected, in excess of limits established by this Chapter and each theft or loss of source(s) of radiation, to determine the cause and to take steps to prevent its recurrence;7. Having a thorough knowledge of management policies and administrative procedures of the licensee;8. Assuming control and having the authority to institute corrective actions including shutdown of operations when necessary in emergency situations or unsafe conditions;9. Maintaining records as required by this Chapter;10. Ensuring the proper storing, labeling, transport, and use of exposure devices and sources of radiation;11. Ensuring that inventory and inspection and maintenance programs are performed in accordance with (10) and (11) of this Rule;12. Ensuring that personnel are complying with this Chapter, the conditions of the license, and the operating and emergency procedures of the licensee.(16)Training.(a) The licensee shall not permit any individual to act as a radiographer until such individual has received at least 40 hours of training in the subjects outlined in .04(16)g, in addition to on the job training consisting of hands- on experience under the supervision of a radiographer and is certified through a radiographer certification program by a certifying entity in accordance with the criteria specified in Appendix A of this Rule. The on the job training shall include a minimum of 2 months (320 hours) of active participation in the performance of industrial radiography utilizing radioactive material.(b) In addition, the licensee may not permit any individual to act as a radiographer until the individual: 1. Has received copies of and instruction in the requirements described in the regulations contained in this Rule, and applicable sections of Rules 391-1-7-.03, .06, and .07, in the license under which the radiographer will perform industrial radiography, and the licensee's operating and emergency procedures;2. Has demonstrated an understanding of items in .04(16)(b)1. by successful completion of a written or oral examination;3. Has received training in the use of the licensee's radiographic exposure devices, sealed sources, in the daily inspection of devices and associated equipment, and in the use of radiation survey instruments; and4. Has demonstrated understanding of the use of the equipment described in .04(16)(b)3. by successful completion of a practical examination.(c) The licensee may not permit any individual to act as a radiographer's assistant until the individual: 1. Has received copies of and instruction in the requirements described in these regulations contained in this Rule, and applicable sections of Rules 391-3-17-03, .06, and .07, in the license under which the radiographer's assistant will perform industrial radiography, and the licensee's operating and emergency procedures;2. Has demonstrated an understanding of items in .04(16)(c)1. by successful completion of a written or oral examination;3. Under the personal supervision of a radiographer, has received training in the use of the licensee's radiographic exposure devices and sealed sources, in the daily inspection of devices and associated equipment, and in the use of radiation survey instruments; and4. Has demonstrated understanding of the use of the equipment described in .04(16)(c)3. by successful completion of a practical examination.(d) The licensee shall provide annual refresher safety training for each radiographer and radiographer's assistant at intervals not to exceed 12 months.(e) Except as provided in .04(16)(e)4., the radiation safety officer or designee shall conduct an inspection program of the job performance of each radiographer and radiographer's assistant to ensure that the Division's Rules, the license, and operating and emergency procedures are followed. The inspection program must: 1. Include observation of the performance of each radiographer and radiographer's assistant during an actual industrial radiographic operation, at intervals not to exceed six months; and2. Provide that, if a radiographer or a radiographer's assistant has not participated in an industrial radiographic operation for more than six months since the last inspection, the radiographer must demonstrate knowledge of the training requirements of .04(16)(b)3. and the radiographer's assistant must demonstrate knowledge of the training requirements of .04(16)(c)3. by a practical examination before these individuals can next participate in a radiographic operation.3. The Division may consider alternative in those situations where the individual serves as both radiographer and radiation safety officer.4. In those operations where a single individual serves as both radiographer and radiation safety officer, and performs all radiography operations, an inspection program is not required.(f) The licensee shall maintain records of the above training to include certification documents, written, oral and practical examinations, refresher safety training and inspections of job performance in accordance with .04(31).(g) The licensee shall include the following subjects required in .04(16)(a):1. Fundamentals of Radiation Safety including: (i) Characteristics of gamma and x-radiation.(ii) Units of radiation dose (rem or Sievert) and quantity of radioactivity (Curie or becquerel).(iii) Significance of radiation dose: (I) Radiation protection standards;(II) Biological effects of radiation dose; and(III) Case histories of radiography accidents.(iv) Levels of radiation from sources of radiation.(v) Methods of controlling radiation dose: (II) Working distances; and2. Radiation Detection Instrumentation including. (i) Use of radiation survey instruments:(iii) Use of personnel monitoring equipment including but not limited to:(II) Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs);(IV) Alarm ratemeters; and(V) Optically stimulated luminescent devices.3. Radiographic Equipment to be Used including: (i) Remote handling equipment.(ii) Operation and control of radiographic exposure equipment, remote handling equipment, storage containers, and sealed sources, including pictures or models of source assemblies (pigtails).(iii) Storage control, and disposal of sources of radiation; and transport containers and source changers.4. Inspection and maintenance of equipment.5. The Requirements of Pertinent Federal and State Regulations.6. The Licensee's Written Operating and Emergency Procedures.7. Case histories of accidents in radiography.(h) Licensees will have one year from the effective date of this rule to comply with the additional training requirements specified in .04(16)(b)1. and .04(16)(c)1.(17)Operating and Emergency Procedures.(a) The operating and emergency procedures of the licensee shall include, as a minimum, instruction in the following: 1. Appropriate handling and use of sources of radiation so that no individual is likely to be exposed to radiation doses in excess of the limits established in Rule 391-3-17-.03, "Standards for Protection Against Radiation";2. Methods and occasions for conducting radiation surveys;3. Methods for posting and controlling access to radiographic areas;4. Methods and occasions for locking and securing sealed sources;5. Personnel monitoring and the use of personnel monitoring equipment;6. Transporting equipment to field locations, including packing of radiographic exposure devices and storage containers in the vehicles, placarding of vehicles when required, and control of the equipment during transportation as described in Rule .06 of this Chapter;7. The inspection, maintenance and operability checks of radiographic exposure devices, survey instruments, alarming ratemeters, transport containers, and storage containers.8. Steps that must be taken immediately by radiography personnel in the event a pocket dosimeter is found to be off-scale or an alarming ratemeter alarms unexpectedly;9. The procedure(s) for identifying and reporting defects and noncompliance, as required by .04(37);10. The procedure for notifying proper persons in the event of an accident or incident;11. Minimizing exposure of individuals in the event of an accident or incident, including a source disconnect, a transport accident, or loss of a source of radiation;12. Source recovery procedure if licensee will perform source recoveries; and13. Maintenance of records.(b) The licensee shall maintain copies of current operating and emergency procedures in accordance with .04(32) and .04(36).(18)Supervision of Radiographer's Assistants.(a) Whenever a radiographer's assistant uses radiographic exposure devices, associated equipment, or a sealed source, or conducts radiation surveys required by (20)(b) and (c) of this Rule to determine that the sealed source has returned to the shielded position after an exposure, he shall be under the personal supervision of a radiographer. The personal supervision shall include:1. The radiographer's physical presence at the site where the sealed sources are being used;2. The ability of the radiographer to give immediate assistance if required; and3. The radiographer's direct observation of the assistant's performance of the operations referred to in .04(18) of this Rule.(19)Personnel Monitoring Control.(a) The licensee shall not permit any individual to act as a radiographer or a radiographer's assistant unless, at all times during radiographic operations, each individual wears, on the trunk of the body, a combination of direct-reading dosimeter, an alarming ratemeter, and a personal monitoring device. At permanent radiographic installations where other appropriate alarming or warning devices are in routine use the use of an alarming ratemeter is not required. 1. Pocket dosimeters shall have a range from zero to 200 milliroentgens (2 millisieverts) and shall be recharged daily or at the start of each shift. Electronic personal dosimeters may only be used in place of ion-chamber pocket dosimeters.2. Each personal monitoring device shall be assigned to and worn by only one individual.3. Personal monitoring devices must be exchanged at periods not to exceed one month. After replacement each personal monitoring device must be returned to the supplier for processing within 14 calendar days of the end of the monitoring period, or as soon as practicable. If circumstances exist which make it impossible to return each personal monitoring device within 14 calendar days, such circumstances must be documented and available for review by the Division.(b) Direct reading dosimeters such as pocket dosimeters or electronic personal dosimeters shall be read and exposures recorded at the beginning and end of each shift, and records must be maintained in accordance with .04(33).(c) Pocket dosimeters or electronic personal dosimeters shall be checked at periods not to exceed one year for correct response to radiation, and records must be maintained in accordance with .04(33). Acceptable dosimeters shall read within plus or minus 20 percent of the true radiation exposure.(d) If an individual's pocket dosimeter is found to be off-scale, or the electronic personal dosimeter reads greater than 200 mrem (2 millisieverts), the personal monitoring device must be sent for processing within 24 hours. For personnel dosimeters that do not require processing, evaluation of the dosimeter may be started within 24 hours. In addition, the individual may not resume work associated with the use of sources of radiation until a determination of the individual's radiation exposure has been made. This determination must be made by the radiation safety officer or the radiation safety officer's designee. The results of this determination must be included in the records maintained in accordance with .04(33).(e) If a personal monitoring device is lost or damaged, the worker shall cease work immediately until a replacement personal monitoring device is provided and the exposure is calculated for the time period from issuance to loss or damage of the personal monitoring device. The results of the calculated exposure and the time period for which the personal monitoring device was lost or damaged must be included in the records maintained in accordance with .04(33).(f) Reports received from personal monitoring devices shall be retained in accordance with .04(33).(g) Each alarm ratemeter must: 1. Be checked to ensure that the alarm functions properly prior to use at the start of each shift;2. Emit an alarm signal at a preset dose-rate of 500 mr (5 mSv) per hour; with an accuracy of plus or minus 20 percent of the true radiation dose rate.3. Require special means to change the preset alarm function; and4. Be calibrated at periods not to exceed one year for correct response to radiation. The licensee shall maintain records of alarming ratemeter calibrations in accordance with .04(33).(20)Radiation Surveys. The license shall:(a) Conduct all surveys with a calibrated and operable radiation survey instrument that meets the requirements of .04(8);(b) Conduct a survey of the radiographic exposure device and the guide tube after each exposure when approaching the device or the guide tube. The survey shall be to determine that the sealed source has been returned to its shielded position before exchanging films, repositioning the exposure head, or dismantling equipment.(c) Conduct a survey of the radiographic exposure device whenever the source is exchanged and whenever a radiographic exposure device is placed in a storage area as defined in .04(3), to ensure that the sealed source is in its shielded position; and(d) Maintain records in accordance with .04(34).(21)Surveillance. During each radiographic operation, the radiographer shall ensure continuous direct visual surveillance of the operation to protect against unauthorized entry into a radiation area or a high radiation area, as defined in Rule .01 of this Chapter, except at permanent radiographic installations where all entryways are locked and the requirements of .04(12) are met.(22)Posting. Notwithstanding any provisions of Rule 391-3-17-.03(12)(c) all areas in which industrial radiography is being performed shall be conspicuously posted as required by Rule 391-3-17-.03(12)(b)1. and 2.(23)Records for Industrial Radiography. Each licensee shall maintain a copy of its license, documents incorporated by reference, and amendments to each of these items until superseded by new documents approved by the Division, or until the Director terminates the license.(24)Records of Receipt and Transfer of Sources of Radiation.(a) Each licensee shall maintain records showing the receipts and transfers of sealed sources, devices using DU for shielding, and radiation machines, and retain each record for three years after it is made.(b) These records must include the date, the name of the individual making the record, radionuclide, number of curies (becquerels) or mass (for DU), and manufacturer, model, and serial number of each source of radiation and/or device, as appropriate.(25)Records of Radiation Survey Instruments. Each licensee shall maintain records of the calibrations of its radiation survey instruments that are required under .04(8) and retain each record for three years after it is made.(26)Records of Leak Testing of Sealed Sources and Devices Containing DU. Each licensee shall maintain records of leak test results for sealed sources and for devices containing DU. The results must be stated in units of microcuries (becquerels). The licensee shall retain each record for three years after it is made or until the source in storage is removed.(27)Records of Quarterly Inventory.(a) Each licensee shall maintain records of the quarterly inventory of sources of radiation, including devices containing depleted uranium as required by .04(10), and retain each record for three years.(b) The record must include the date of the inventory, name of the individual conducting the inventory, radionuclide, number of curies (becquerels) or mass (for DU) in each device, location of sources of radiation and/or devices, and manufacturer, model, and serial number of each source of radiation and/or device, as appropriate.(28)Utilization Logs.(a) Each licensee shall maintain utilization logs showing for each source of radiation the following information:1. A description, including the make, model, and serial number the radiographic exposure device, transport, or storage container in which the sealed source is located;2. The identity and signature of the radiographer to whom assigned;3. The location and dates of use, including the dates removed and returned to storage; and4. For permanent radiographic installations, the dates each radiographic exposure device is used.(b) The licensee shall retain the logs required by .04(28)(a) for three years.(29)Records of Inspection and Maintenance of Radiographic Exposure Devices, Transport and Storage Containers, Associated Equipment, Source Changers, and Survey Instruments.(a) Each licensee shall maintain records specified in .04(11) of equipment problems found in daily checks and quarterly inspections of radiation machines, radiographic exposure devices, transport and storage containers, associated equipment, source changers, and survey instruments; and retain each record for three years after it is made.(b) The record must include the date of check or inspection, name of inspector, equipment involved, any problems found, and what repair and/or maintenance, if any, was performed.(30)Records of Alarm System and Entrance Control Checks at Permanent Radiographic Installations. Each licensee shall maintain records of alarm system and entrance control device tests required by .04(12) and retain each record for three years after it is made.(31)Records Of Training and Certification. Each licensee shall maintain the following records for three years:(a) Records of training of each radiographer and each radiographer's assistant. The record must include radiographer certification documents and verification of certification status, copies of written tests, dates of oral and practical examinations, the names of individuals conducting and receiving the oral and practical examinations, and a list of items tested and the results of the oral and practical examinations; and(b) Records of annual refresher safety training and semi-annual inspections of job performance for each radiographer and each radiographer's assistant. The records must list the topics discussed during the refresher safety training, the dates the annual refresher safety training was conducted, and names of the instructors and attendees. For inspections of job performance, the records must also include a list showing the items checked and any non-compliance observed by the radiation safety officer or designee.(32)Copies of Operating and Emergency Procedures. Each licensee shall maintain a copy of current operating and emergency procedures until the Director terminates the license. Superseded material must be retained for three years after the change is made.(33)Records of Personnel Monitoring. Each licensee shall maintain the following exposure records specified in .04(19):(a) Direct reading dosimeter readings and yearly operability checks required by .04(19)(b) and .04(19)(c) for three years after the record is made;(b) Records of alarming ratemeter calibrations for three years after the record is made;(c) Reports received from the personal dosimeter processor until the Director terminates the license; and(d) Records of estimates of exposures as a result of off-scale personal direct reading dosimeters, or lost or damaged personnel monitoring device, until the Director terminates the license.(34)Records of Radiation Surveys. Each licensee shall maintain a record of each exposure device survey conducted before the device is placed in storage as specified in .04(20)(c). Each record must be maintained for three years after it is made.(35)Form of Records. Each record required by these rules must be legible throughout the specified retention period. The record may be the original or a reproduced copy or a microform provided that the copy or microform is authenticated by authorized personnel and that the microform is capable of reproducing a clear copy throughout the required retention period. The record may also be stored in electronic media with the capability for producing legible, accurate, and complete records during the required retention period. Records, such as letters, drawings, and specifications, must include all pertinent information, such as stamps, initials, and signatures. The licensee shall maintain adequate safeguards against tampering with and loss of records.(36)Location Of Documents and Records.(a) Each licensee shall maintain copies of records required by this Rule and other applicable Rules of this Chapter at the location specified in .04(4)(k).(b) Each licensee shall also maintain current copies of the following documents and records sufficient to demonstrate compliance at each applicable field station and each temporary job site: 1. The license authorizing the use of sources of radiation;2. Operating and emergency procedures as required by .04(32);3. A copy of Rules .02, .03, .04 of this Chapter;4. Survey records required by .04(34) and Rule .03(8) of this Chapter as applicable for the period of operation at the site;5. Records of dosimeter readings as required by .04(33);6. Valid radiographer's identification cards issued by a certifying entity for each radiographer working at the temporary job site or field location;7. Evidence of the latest instrument calibration of the radiation survey instruments in use at the site as required by .04(25);8. Utilization logs for each source of radiation dispatched from that location as required by .04(28);9. Records of equipment problems identified in daily checks of equipment as required by .04(29)(a);10. Records of alarm system and entrance control checks required by .04(30), if applicable;11. Evidence of the latest calibrations of alarming ratemeters and operability checks of dosimeters as required by .04(33);12. The shipping papers for the transportation of radioactive materials required by Rule .06 of this Chapter; and13. When operating under reciprocity pursuant to Rule 391-3-17-.02(20) of this Chapter, a copy of the applicable Agreement State license or Nuclear Regulatory Commission license authorizing the use of sources of radiation.(37)Notifications.(a) In addition to the reporting requirements specified in 10CFR 30.50 and in Rule 391-3-17.03 of this Chapter, each licensee shall provide a written report to the Division within 30 days of the occurrence of any of the following incidents involving radiographic equipment: 1. Unintentional disconnection of the source assembly from the control cable.2. Inability to retract the source assembly to its fully shielded position and secure it in this position.3. Failure of any component, which is critical to safe operation of the device, to properly perform its intended function.(b) The licensee shall include the following information in each report submitted under (37)(a)1. of this Rule and in each report of overexposure submitted under Rule 391-3-17-.03(15)(c) which involves failure of safety components of radiography equipment: 1. A description of the equipment problem;2. Cause of each incident, if known;3. Name of the manufacturer and model number of equipment involved in the incident;4. Place, time, and date of the incident;5. Actions taken to establish normal operations;6. Corrective actions taken or planned to prevent recurrence; and7. Qualifications of personnel involved in the incident.(c) Any licensee conducting radiographic operations or storing sources of radiation at any location not listed on the license for a period in excess of 180 days in a calendar year, shall notify the Division prior to exceeding the 180 days.(40)Reciprocity.(a) All reciprocal recognition of licenses by the Director will be granted in accordance with Rule 391-3-17-.02(20) of this Chapter.(b) Reciprocal recognition by the Director of an individual radiographer certification will be granted provided that: 1. The individual holds a valid certification in the appropriate category issued by a certifying entity, as defined in .04(3);2. The requirements and procedures of the certifying entity issuing the certification affords the same or comparable certification standards as those afforded by .04(16)(a);3. The applicant presents the certification to the Division prior to entry into the state; and4. No escalated enforcement action is pending with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission or in any other state.(c) Certified individuals who are granted reciprocity by the Director shall maintain the certification upon which the reciprocal recognition was granted, or prior to the expiration of such certification, shall meet the requirements of .04(16)(a).(41)Specific Requirements for Radiographic Personnel Performing Industrial Radiography.(a) The licensee shall supply the following at the job site:1. At least one operable, calibrated survey instrument for each exposure device in use;2. A current whole body personal dosimeter for each individual;3. An operable, calibrated pocket dosimeter with a range of zero to 200 milliroentgens for each person performing radiographic operations;4. An operable, calibrated alarm ratemeter with preset dose-rate of 500 mr (5 mSv) per hour for each person performing radiographic operations using a radiographic exposure device; and5. The appropriate barrier ropes and signs.(b) Each radiographer at a job site shall have on their person a valid certification ID card issued by a certifying entity.(c) Industrial radiographic operations shall not be performed if any of the items in .04(41)(a) or .04(41)(b) are not available at the job site or are inoperable.(d) Each licensee shall provide as a minimum two-person crews, i.e., two radiographers or a radiographer assistant who is under the personal supervision of a radiographer, when sources of radiation are used at temporary job sites.(e) No individual other than a radiographer or a radiographer assistant who is under the personal supervision of a radiographer shall manipulate controls or operate equipment used in industrial radiographic operations.(f) During an inspection by the Division, the Division inspector may terminate an operation if any of the items in .04(41)(a) are not available and operable or if the required number of radiographic personnel are not present. Operations shall not be resumed until such conditions are met.(g) Special Requirements for Enclosed Radiography. Systems for enclosed radiography designed to allow admittance of individuals shall: 1. Comply with all applicable requirements of this Rule and Rule 391-3-17-.03(5)(i); and2. Be evaluated at intervals not to exceed one year to assure compliance with the applicable requirements as specified in .04(41)(g)1. Records of these evaluations shall be maintained for inspection by the Division for a period of two years after the evaluation.(h) Prohibitions. Industrial radiography performed with a sealed source which is not fastened to or contained in a radiographic exposure device (fishpole technique) is prohibited unless specifically authorized in a license issued by the Director. APPENDIX A
I.Requirements for an Independent Certifying Organization.An independent certifying organization shall:
1. Be an organization such as a society or association, whose members participate in, or have an interest in, the field of industrial radiography;2. Make its membership available to the general public nationwide. Membership shall not be restricted because of race, color, religion, sex, age, national origin or disability;3. Have a certification program open to non-members, as well as members;4. Be an incorporated, nationally-recognized organization that is involved in setting national standards of practice within its fields of expertise;5. Have an adequate staff, a viable system for financing its operations, and a policy and decision-making review board;6. Have a set of written organizational by-laws and policies that provide adequate assurance of lack of conflict of interest and a system for monitoring and enforcing those by-laws and policies;7. Have a committee, whose members can carry out their responsibilities impartially, to review and approve the certification guidelines and procedures, and to advise the organization's staff in implementing the certification program;8. Have a committee, whose members can carry out their responsibilities impartially, to review complaints against certified individuals and to determine appropriate sanctions;9. Have written procedures describing all aspects of its certification program, maintain records of the current status of each individual's certification and the administration of its certification program;10. Have procedures to ensure that certified individuals are provided due process with respect to the administration of its certification program, including the process of becoming certified and any sanctions imposed against certified individuals;11. Have procedures for proctoring examinations, including qualifications for proctors. These procedures must ensure that the individuals proctoring each examination are not employed by the same company or corporation (or a wholly-owned subsidiary of such company or corporation) as any of the examinees;12. Exchange information about certified individuals with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and other independent certifying organizations and/or Agreement States and allow periodic review of its certification program and related records; and13. Provide a description to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission of its procedures for choosing examination sites and for providing an appropriate examination environment.II.Requirements for Certification Programs.All certification programs must:
1. Require applicants for certification to (a) receive training in the topics set forth in .04(16)(g) or equivalent State or Nuclear Regulatory Commission regulations, and (b) satisfactorily complete a written examination covering these topics;2. Require applicants for certification to provide documentation that demonstrates that the applicant has: (a) Received training in the topics set forth in .04(16)(g) or equivalent State or Nuclear Regulatory Commission regulations;(b) Satisfactorily completed a minimum period of on-the-job training as specified in .04(16)(a); and(c) Received verification by a State licensee or a Nuclear Regulatory Commission licensee that the applicant has demonstrated the capability of independently working as a radiographer.3. Include procedures to ensure that all examination questions are protected from disclosure;4. Include procedures for denying an application and revoking, suspending, and reinstating a certification;5. Provide a certification period of not less than three years nor more than five years;6. Include procedures for renewing certifications and, if the procedures allow renewals without examination, require evidence of recent full-time employment and annual refresher training; and7. Provide a timely response to inquiries, by telephone or letter, from members of the public, about an individual's certification status.III.Requirements for Examinations.All examinations must be:
1. Designed to test an individual's knowledge and understanding of the topics listed in .04(16)(g) or equivalent State or Nuclear Regulatory Commission requirements;2. Written in a multiple-choice format;3. Have test items drawn from a question bank containing psychometrically valid questions based on the material in .04(16)(g). 1 If a keyed lock, the key must be removed at all times.
Ga. Comp. R. & Regs. R. 391-3-17-.04
O.C.G.A. § 31-13-1 et seq.
Original Rule entitled "Special Radiation Safety Requirements for Industrial Radiographic Operations" adopted. F. May 2, 1991; eff. May 22, 1991.Amended: F. Feb. 24, 1994; eff. Mar. 16, 1994.Amended: F. Oct. 4, 1994; eff. Oct. 24, 1994.Amended: F. Apr. 16, 1997; eff. May 6, 1997.Amended: F. Mar. 29, 2002; eff. Apr. 18, 2002.Amended: F. Apr. 11, 2016; eff. May 1, 2016.Amended: New title "Special Radiation Safety Requirements for Industrial Radiographic Operations," "Amended" deleted from title. F. Jan. 28, 2019; eff. Feb. 17, 2019.Amended: F. Mar. 24, 2021; eff. Apr. 13, 2021.Amended: F. Mar. 30, 2022; eff. Apr. 19, 2022.