Ga. Comp. R. & Regs. dept. 110, ADMINISTRATIVE HISTORY
The Administrative History following each Rule gives the date on which the Rule was originally filed and its effective date, as well as the date on which any amendment or repeal was filed and its effective date. Principal abbreviations used in the Administrative History are as follows:
f. - filed
eff. - effective
R. - Rule (Abbreviated only at the beginning of the control number)
Ch. - Chapter (Abbreviated only at the beginning of the control number)
ER. - Emergency Rule
Rev. - Revised
Note: Emergency Rules are listed in each Rule's Administrative History by Emergency Rule number, date filed and effective date. The Emergency Rule will be in effect for 120 days or until the effective date of a permanent Rule covering the same subject matter superseding this Emergency Rule is adopted, as specified by the Agency.
Chapters 110-1 entitled "Organization" and 110-2 entitled "Executive Division" have been adopted. Filed May 24, 1979; effective June 13, 1979.
Chapters 110-1 and 110-2 have been repealed and renumbered Chapters 110-1-1 and 110-1-2 adopted. Chapter 110-1-3 entitled "Practice and Procedure" has been adopted. Filed April 6, 1983; effective April 26, 1983.
Chapter 110-1-3 has been repealed. Chapters 110-2-1 entitled "Purpose", 110-2-2 entitled "Definitions", 110-2-3 entitled "General", 110-2-4 entitled "Adoption of Codes", 110-2-5 entitled "Enforcement Authority", 110-2-6 entitled "Delegation of Responsibility: Qualifications and Acceptance", 110-2-7 entitled "Agency Responsibility", 110-2-8 entitled "Agency: Inspection", 110-2-9 entitled "Building System Approval and Systems Recognition", 110-2-10 entitled "Quality Control Procedures", 110-2-11 entitled "Change in Status, Alterations", 110-2-12 entitled "Reciprocity", 110-2-13 entitled "Multiple Site Manufacturing", 110-2-14 entitled "State Insignia", 110-2-15 entitled "Schedule of Fees", 110-2-16 entitled "Appeals", 110-2-17 entitled "Exemption" have been adopted. Filed June 20, 1983; effective July 10, 1983.
Rules 110-2-1-.04, 110-2-2-.01, 110-2-6-.05, .05, 110-2-12-.02, 110-2-14-.06 have been repealed and new Rules adopted. Rule 110-2-2-.02 has been amended. Rule 110-2-6-.07 has been repealed. Rule 110-2-7-.06 has been adopted. Chapters 110-2-4, 110-2-9, and 110-2-15 have been repealed and new Chapters adopted. Filed January 29, 1988; effective February 18, 1988.
Rule 110-2-15.09 has been amended. Filed July 1, 1988; effective July 21, 1988.
Rules 110-1-2-.01, .02, .03 have been repealed and new Rules adopted. Filed August 14, 1989; effective September 3, 1989.
Rule 110-2-2-.02 has been amended. Chapters 110-2-4 and 110-2-17 have been repealed and new Chapters adopted. Rules 110-2-9-.03, .04, .11, 110-2-14-.01, .05, .06, 110-2-15-.09 have been repealed and new Rules adopted. Filed December 19, 1989; effective January 8, 1990.
Emergency Rule 110-3-1-0.1-.01, .02, .03 adopted. Filed January 4, 1990; effective January 1, 1990, the date of adoption, to be in effect for 120 days or until the effective date of permanent Rules covering the same subject matter superseding these Emergency Rules are adopted, as specified by the Agency.
Chapter 110-3-2, entitled "Minimum Planning Standards and Procedures," containing Rules 110-3-2-.01 to 110-3-2-.06, has been adopted. Filed May 1, 1990; effective May 21, 1990.
Chapter 110-3-3, entitled "Rules for Hotel/Motel Tax Reporting," containing Rules 110-3-3-.01 to 110-3-3-.04 adopted. Filed December 12, 1990; effective January 1, 1991.
Rule 110-3-2-.07 entitled "Development Impact Fee Compliance Requirements" adopted. Filed July 1, 1991; effective July 21, 1991.
Chapter 110-3-3 repealed and a new Chapter, same title, adopted. Filed November 25, 1991; effective December 15, 1991.
Chapter 110-3-1 entitled "Report of Local Government Finances", containing Rules 110-3-1-.01 to .04 adopted. Filed December 10, 1991; effective December 30, 1991.
Chapter 110-3-4 entitled "Bonded Indebtedness Survey", containing Rules 110-3-4-.01 to .04 adopted. Filed December 10, 1991; effective December 30, 1991.
Chapter 110-4-1 entitled "Solid Waste Management Survey and Full Cost Report," containing Rules 110-4-1-.01 to .04 adopted. Filed December 10, 1991; effective December 30, 1991.
Chapter 110-4-2 entitled "Solid Waste Management Full Cost Public Notice," containing Rules 110-4-2-.01 to .04 adopted. Filed December 10, 1991; effective December 30, 1991.
Rule 110-2-3-.16 repealed and new Rule, same title, adopted; 110-2-3-.17 has been adopted. Filed May 11, 1992; effective May 31, 1992.
Rules 110-2-4-.01, .03; 110-2-9-.02; 110-2-15-.02, .09, .10 were repealed and new Rules, same titles, adopted. Filed May 11, 1992; effective May 31, 1992.
Chapters 110-2-14 repealed and new Chapter, same title, adopted; 110-2-17 has been repealed. Filed May 11, 1992; effective May 31, 1992.
Chapter 110-3-2 repealed and a new Chapter entitled "Minimum Planning Standards and Procedures for Local Comprehensive Planning" adopted. Filed May 22, 1992; effective June 11, 1992.
Rule 110-3-2-.07 has been amended and Rule 110-3-2-.08 has been adopted. Filed October 29, 1992; effective November 18, 1992. Chapters 110-3-1, 110-4-1 and 110-4-2 have been amended. Filed June 4, 1993; effective June 24, 1993.
Chapters 110-5-1 entitled "General Guidelines"; 110-5-2 entitled "Efficiency Assessment
Grants"; 110-5-3 entitled "Consolidation Planning Grants"; 110-5-4 entitled "Consolidation Implementation Grants" have been adopted. Filed August 12, 1993; effective September 1, 1993.
Chapter 110-8-1 entitled "Community Development Block Grant Program", containing 110-8-1-.01 to 110-8-1-.07, was submitted September 9, 1993.
Chapter 110-6-1 entitled "Local Development Fund Grants" containing 110-6-1-.01 to 110-6-1-.09 submitted September 17, 1993.
Grant 110-7-1 submitted November 1, 1993.
Grants 110-6-1-.06 and 110-7-1-.03 submitted December 15, 1993.
Chapter 110-4-3 entitled "Minimum Planning Standards Procedures for Solid Waste Management," containing Rules 110-4-3-.01 to 110-4-3-.05 has been adopted. Filed January 19, 1994; effective February 8, 1994.
Grant 110-7-1 submitted February 25, 1994.
Grant 110-6-1-.07 submitted November 3, 1994.
Chapters 110-5-1 to 110-5-4 have been amended. Filed November 23, 1994; effective December 13, 1994.
Grant 110-7-1 submitted June 5, 1995.
Chapters 110-5-1 to 110-5-4 have been repealed. Filed June 6, 1995; effective June 26, 1995.
Grant 110-5-1 to 110-5-4 submitted June 6, 1995.
Emergency Rule 110-9-1-0.2 was filed June 16, 1995, effective June 14, 1995, the date of adoption, to remain in effect for a period of 120 days or until the effective date of a permanent Rule superseding this Emergency Rule, as specified by the Agency. Said Emergency Rule was adopted because "Insufficient time existed between the passage of the legislation and July 1, 1995, to allow public comment . . ." (Emergency Rule will not be published; copies may be obtained from the Agency.)
Chapter 110-4-2 has been repealed and Chapter 110-4-1 has been repealed and a new Chapter entitled "Solid Waste Management Survey and Full Cost Report and For Solid Waste Management Public Notice" adopted. Filed June 22, 1995; effective July 12, 1995.
Grant 110-10-1 submitted July 3, 1995.
Grant 110-7-1-.02, .04 submitted July 11, 1995.
Chapters 110-5-1 to 110-5-4 have been repealed and 110-9-1 entitled "Job Tax Credit Program Regulations" adopted. Filed August 17, 1995; effective September 6, 1995.
Grant 110-5-1 submitted August 17, 1995.
Chapter 110-11-1 has been adopted. Filed September 8, 1995; effective September 28, 1995.
Grant 110-13-1 submitted March 1, 1996.
Rules 110-3-1-.01, .02 have been amended. Filed March 12, 1996; effective April 1, 1996.
Chapters 110-12-3 entitled "Developments of Regional Impacts", 110-12-5 entitled "Mediation of Inter jurisdictional Conflicts" and 110-12-6 entitled "Minimum Standards and Procedures for Regional Planning" have been adopted. Filed May 3, 1996; effective May 23, 1996.
Grant 110-10-1 submitted June 11, 1996.
Grant 110-5-1 submitted July 26, 1996.
Chapter 110-3-3 has been repealed and a new Chapter, same title, adopted. Filed August 5, 1996; effective August 25, 1996.
Grant 110-7-1 submitted November 22, 1996.
Grant 110-10-1 submitted December 18, 1996.
Grant 110-6-1-.10 submitted March 17, 1997.
Rule 110-11-1-.03 has been adopted. Filed March 11, 1997; effective April 1, 1997, as specified by the Agency.
Chapters 110-12-1, entitled "Minimum Standards and Procedures for Local Comprehensive Planning"; 110-12-2, entitled "Development Impact Fee Compliance Requirements" and 110-12-4, entitled "Regionally Important Resources" have been adopted. Filed March 21, 1997; effective May 1, 1997, as specified by the Agency.
Grant 110-10-1 submitted June 20, 1997.
Rule 110-11-1-.04 has been adopted. Filed July 8, 1997; effective October 1, 1997, as specified by the Agency.
Grant 110-7-2 submitted August 19, 1997.
Rule 110-11-1-.05 has been adopted. Filed August 22, 1997; effective October 1, 1997, as specified by the Agency.
Grant 110-7-1 submitted December 31, 1997.
Rule 110-11-1-.06 has been adopted. Filed February 12, 1998; effective April 1, 1998, as specified by the Agency.
Chapter 110-9-1 has been amended. Filed February 27, 1998; effective March 19, 1998.
Grant 110-14-1 submitted April 22, 1998.
Grant 110-7-1 submitted May 29, 1998.
Chapter 110-11-1-.07 has been amended. Filed June 20, 1998; effective July 29, 1998, as specified by the agency.
Grant 110-10-1 submitted July 22, 1998.
Grant 110-7-2 submitted August 10, 1998.
Chapter 110-15-1 entitled "Uniform Charts of Accounts" adopted. Filed December 23, 1998; effective January 12, 1999.
Grant 110-8-1 submitted March 18, 1999.
Grant Chapter 110-18-1 entitled "Appalachian Regional Commission Business Development Revolving Loan Fund" submitted May 6, 1999.
Grant Chapter 110-19-1 entitled "Downtown Development Revolving Loan Fund (DD RLF)" submitted July 7, 1999.
Grants 110-6-1-.02, .06 submitted. Grant 110-6-1-.10 terminated July 30, 1999.
Chapter 110-20-1 entitled "Regional Economic Assistance Projects" has been adopted. Filed September 9, 1999; effective September 29, 1999.
Grant 110-7-2 submitted September 10, 1999.
Rule 110-11-1-.09 has been adopted. Filed September 23, 1999; effective January 1, 2000, as specified by the Agency.
Grant Chapter 110-19-1 submitted January 19, 2000.
Rule 110-11-1-.08 has been adopted. Filed June 22, 2000; effective July 12, 2000.
Grant Chapter 110-8-1 submitted September 12, 2000.
Chapters 110-2-1 to 110-2-14 have been repealed and new Chapters adopted. Chapters 110-2-15 and 110-2-16 have been repealed. Filed September 25, 2000; effective October 15, 2000.
Rule 110-11-1-.10 has been adopted. Filed October 5, 2000; effective January 1, 2001, as specified by the Agency.
Grant Chapter 110-22-1 entitled "Georgia Home Composting Grant Program" submitted November 14, 2000.
Rules 110-9-1-.01, .02, .03 have been amended. Filed December 11, 2000; effective December 31, 2000.
Chapter 110-12-3 has been repealed and a new Chapter adopted. Filed May 16, 2001; effective July 1, 2001, as specified by the Agency.
Grant Chapter 110-23-1 entitled "Quality Growth Grant Program" submitted September 28, 2001.
Rule 110-11-1-.11 has been adopted. Filed November 20, 2001; effective January 1, 2002, as specified by the Agency.
Chapter 110-12-1 has been repealed and a new Chapter adopted. Filed December 31, 2001; effective February 1, 2002, as specified by the Agency.
Chapter 110-9-1 has been repealed and a new Chapter adopted. Filed April 23, 2002; effective May 13, 2002.
Rule 110-4-1-.07 has been repealed and a new Rule adopted. Filed May 23, 2002; effective July 1, 2002, as specified by the Agency.
Chapter 110-20-1 has been repealed and a new Chapter adopted. Filed June 19, 2002; effective July 9, 2002.
Rule 110-11-1-.12 has been adopted. Filed November 21, 2002; effective January 1, 2003, as specified by the Agency.
Chapter 110-12-1 has been repealed and a new Chapter adopted. Filed December 4, 2002; effective January 1, 2004, as specified by the Agency.
Chapters 110-2-1 to 110-2-4, 110-2-6, 110-2-8 to 110-2-10, and 110-2-13 have been repealed and new Chapters adopted. Filed March 4, 2003; effective April 1, 2003, as specified by the Agency.
Rules 110-3-4-.01 to .04 have been amended. Filed June 3, 2003; effective June 23, 2003.
Chapter 110-4-3 has been repealed and a new Chapter adopted. Filed August 21, 2003; effective September 10, 2003.
Rule 110-11-1-.13 has been adopted. Filed November 25, 2003; effective January 1, 2004, as specified by the Agency.
Chapter 110-24-1 entitled "Opportunity Zone Tax Credit Program Regulations" has been adopted. Filed October 4, 2004; effective October 24, 2004.
Chapter 110-12-3 has been repealed and a new Chapter adopted. Filed November 22, 2004; effective January 1, 2005, as specified by the Agency.
Rule 110-11-1-.14 has been adopted. Filed November 23, 2004; effective January 1, 2005, as specified by the Agency.
Chapter 110-3-3 has been repealed and a new Chapter adopted. Filed February 7, 2005; effective February 27, 2005.
Chapter 110-12-1 has been repealed and a new Chapter adopted. Filed April 7, 2005; effective May 1, 2005, as specified by the Agency.
Grant Chapter 110-19-1 submitted May 23, 2005.
Rule 110-11-1-.15 has been adopted. Filed November 21, 2005; effective January 1, 2006, as specified by the Agency.
Chapter 110-25-1 entitled "Life Sciences Facilities Fund" has been adopted. Filed December 16, 2005; effective January 5, 2006.
Grant Chapter 110-26-1 entitled "Hands on Georgia Challenge Grant Program" submitted February 8, 2006.
Grant Chapter 110-27-1 entitled "Signature Community Program" submitted May 15, 2006.
Rule 110-9-1-.02 has been amended. Filed August 21, 2006; effective September 10, 2006.
Grant Chapter 110-16-1 entitled "AmeriCorps Grant Program" submitted September 14, 2006.
Rules 110-11-1-.16 and .17 have been adopted. Filed November 9, 2006; effective January 1, 2007, as specified by the Agency.
Grant Chapter 110-28-1 entitled "Away-From Home/Special Event Recycling Grant Program" submitted March 8, 2007.
Grant Chapter 110-29-1 entitled "Regional Recycling Transfer/Processing Hub" submitted June 5, 2007.
Grant Chapter 110-19-1 submitted August 15, 2007.
Grant Chapter 110-25-1 entitled "Life Sciences Facilities Fund" originally submitted on December 16, 2005, as rules. Error was discovered in November 2007 and was reprinted as grants to correct The Official Compilation Rules and Regulations of the State of Georgia.
Grant Chapters 110-7-1 and 110-25-1 submitted November 7, 2007.
Rule 110-11-1-.18 has been adopted. Filed November 26, 2007; effective January 1, 2008, as specified by the Agency.
Chapter 110-9-1 has been amended. Filed January 14, 2008; effective February 3, 2008.
Rule 110-3-3-.05 has been amended. Filed April 3, 2008; effective April 23, 2008.
Grant Chapter 110-30-1 entitled "Clean Community Challenge Litter Prevention Grant Program" submitted June 3, 2008.
Rule Chapter 110-24-1 has been amended. Filed September 16, 2008; effective October 6, 2008.
Rule 110-11-1-.19 has been adopted. Filed November 20, 2008; effective January 1, 2009, as specified by the Agency.
Chapters 110-12-3 to 110-12-6 have been repealed and new Chapters adopted. Filed February 13, 2009; effective July 1, 2009, as specified by the Agency.
Chapter 110-9-1 has been repealed and a new Chapter adopted. Filed October 30, 2009; effective November 19, 2009.
Rule 110-11-1-.20 has been adopted. Filed November 23, 2009; effective January 1, 2010, as specified by the Agency.
Chapter 110-24-1 has been repealed and a new Chapter entitled "Opportunity Zone Job Tax Credit Program Regulations" adopted. Filed May 7, 2010; effective May 27, 2010.
Rules 110-2-1-.01, 110-2-2-.02, 110-2-4-.01, .03, 110-2-5-.03, .04, .05, .06, 110-2-8-.06, .08, 110-2-10-.13, 110-2-11-.01, 110-2-13-.01, .05, .08, .09, and .10 have been repealed and new Rules adopted. Rules 110-2-4-.07, 110-2-13-.14, and 110-11-1-.21 have been adopted. Filed November 16, 2010; effective January 1, 2011 as specified by the Agency.
Rule 110-11-1-.22 adopted. F. Nov. 8, 2011; eff. Jan. 1, 2012 as specified by the Agency.
Chapter 110-31 entitled "Georgia State Small Business Credit Initiative Loan Program Description" adopted. F. Feb. 9, 2012; eff. Feb. 29, 2012.
Chapter 110-12-3 repealed and readopted. F. Apr. 11, 2012; eff. July 1, 2012 as specified by the Agency.
Chapter 110-12-1 repealed and Rules 110-12-1-.01 through 110-12-1-.05 adopted. F. Nov. 13, 2012; eff. Dec. 3, 2012.
Chapter 110-12-7 and Rules 110-12-7-.01 through 110-12-7-.06 adopted. F. Feb. 7, 2013; eff. Feb. 27, 2013.
Chapter 110-31 and Rules 110-31-.01 through 110-31-.04 amended. F. July 29, 2013; eff. Aug. 18, 2013.
Chapter 110-32-1 entitled "Georgia Tourism Development Act Program" adopted. F. Oct. 7, 2013; eff. Oct. 27, 2013.
Chapter 110-9-1 amended. F. Oct. 22, 2013; eff. Nov. 11, 2013.
Rules 110-11-1-.24 through 110-11-1-.30 adopted. F. Nov. 13, 2013; eff. Jan. 1, 2014, as specified by the Agency.
Chapter 110-12-1 repealed, new Chapter entitled "Minimum Standards and Procedures for Local Comprehensive Planning" adopted, Rules 110-12-1-.01 through 110-12-1-.05 readopted. Chapter 110-12-3 repealed and Rules 110-12-3-.01 through 110-12-3-.06 readopted. Chapter 110-12-7 repealed and readopted. F. Feb. 6, 2014; eff. Mar. 1, 2014, as specified by the Agency.
Rules 110-11-1-.24 through 110-11-1-.28 amended, Rules 110-11-1-.31 through 110-11-1-.33 adopted. F. Nov. 12, 2014; eff. Jan. 1, 2015, as specified by the Agency.
Rules 110-11-1-.24, .30 amended. F. Nov. 17, 2016; eff. Jan. 1, 2017, as specified by the Agency.
Chapter 110-9-1 amended. F. Dec. 2, 2016; eff. Jan. 1, 2017, as specified by the Agency.
Chapters 110-9-1 and 110-24-1 amended. F. Feb. 28, 2017; eff. Feb. 8, 2017, as specified by the Agency.
Chapter 110-31 amended. F. June 21, 2017; eff. June 1, 2017, as specified by the Agency.
Chapter 110-34 entitled "Rural Zone Program" adopted. F. Aug. 23, 201; eff. Sept. 12, 2017, as specified by the Agency.
Chapter 110-12-6 repealed and readopted. F. Aug. 24, 2017; eff. Oct. 1, 2017 as specified by the Agency.
Rule 110-32-1-.02 amended. F. Oct. 23, 2017; eff. Feb. 8, 2017, as specified by the Agency.
Rules 110-11-1-.24, .25, .31 amended. F. Nov. 21, 2017; eff. Jan. 1, 2018, as specified by the Agency.
Rules 110-34-1-.02, .06 amended. Chapter 110-35 entitled "Georgia Agribusiness and Rural Jobs Act Program" adopted. F. Feb. 16, 2018; eff. Mar. 9, 2018, as specified by the Agency.
Rules 110-2-1-.01, 110-2-2-.02 amended. F. Mar. 21, 2018; eff. July 1, 2018, as specified by the Agency.
Rules 110-9-1-.01, .02, .03, 110-20-1-.02, .03 amended. Chapter 110-36 entitled "Achieving Connectivity Everywhere (ACE)" adopted. F. Aug. 22, 2018; eff. Sept. 11, 2018.
Subject 110-12-1 amended. F. Sept. 11, 2018; eff. Oct. 1, 2018.
Rules 110-11-1-.24, .25 amended. Rule 110-11-1-.34 adopted. F. Dec. 7, 2018; eff. Jan. 1, 2020, as specified by the Agency.
Subject 110-19-1 amended. Rules 110-36-1-.02, .06 amended. Rules 110-36-1-.03, .04, .05 adopted. F. Dec. 14, 2018; eff. Jan. 3, 2019.
Note: Rule 110-11-1-.34 filed December 7, 2018 rescinded and refiled on February 19, 2019; eff. Jan. 1, 2020, as specified by the Agency. In February 2019, the Agency discovered that the wrong version of the Rule was inadvertently filed and contained typographical errors in the dates cited (i.e., "Revised January 1, 2019" and "(Effective January 1, 2019))". The dates were corrected to "Revised January 1, 2020" and "(Effective January 1, 2020)", as cited in the Rule promulgated and adopted on November 3, 2018. Effective February 19, 2019.
Rules 110-9-1-.01, .02, .03 amended. F. June 2, 2020; eff. June 22, 2020.
Chapter 110-37 entitled "Historic Preservation" adopted. F. July 17, 2020; eff. Aug. 6, 2020.
Rule 110-9-1-.02 amended. F. Sept. 14, 2020; eff. Oct. 4, 2020.
Rules 110-11-1-.31, .32, .33 amended. F. Nov. 20, 2020; eff. Jan. 1, 2021, as specified by the Agency.
Rules 110-9-1-.02, 110-34-1-.02, .06 amended. F. Nov. 23, 2020; eff. Dec. 13, 2020.
Rule 110-11-1-.31 amended. F. Aug. 11, 2021; eff. Sept. 1, 2021, as specified by the Agency.
Rules 110-11-1-.24, .26, .28, .34 amended. F. Nov. 18, 2021; eff. Jan. 1, 2022, as specified by the Agency.
Rule 110-11-1-.34 amended. F. Aug. 10, 2022; eff. Sept. 1, 2022, as specified by the Agency.
Rules 110-11-1-.26, .34 amended. F. Aug. 10, 2022; eff. Jan. 1, 2023, as specified by the Agency.
Rule 110-9-1-.01 amended; Subject 110-11-2 entitled "Appeals Subcommittee" adopted. F. Nov. 21, 2022; eff. Dec. 11, 2022.
Subject 110-3-4 repealed in its entirety, new Subject entitled "Procedure and Operations of Annexation Arbitration Panels" adopted. F. Nov. 28, 2022; eff. Dec. 18, 2022.
Subject 110-12-8 entitled "Procedure and Operations of Annexation Arbitration Panels" adopted. F. Nov. 28, 2022; eff. Jan. 1, 2023, as specified by the Agency.
Chapter 110-38 entitled "Georgia State Small Business Credit Initiative 2.0 Program" and Subject 110-38-1 entitled "Georgia State Small Business Credit Initiative 2.0 Program Regulations" adopted. F. Mar. 20, 2023; eff. Apr. 9, 2023.
Rules 110-11-1-.24, .25, .26, .27 amended. F. Oct. 11, 2023; eff. Jan. 1, 2024, as specified by the Agency.
Rules 110-9-1-.03, 110-34-1-.06, .07 amended. F. Oct. 16, 2024; eff. Nov. 5, 2024.
Ga. Comp. R. & Regs. R. dept. 110, ADMINISTRATIVE HISTORY