2 Del. Admin. Code § 2A.08

Current through Register Vol. 28, No. 5, November 1, 2024

Section 2A.08 - Maintaining Minimum Retroreflectivity

Support:

01 Retroreflectivity is one of several factors associated with maintaining nighttime sign visibility (see Section 2A.22).

Standard:

02 Public agencies or officials having jurisdiction shall use an assessment or management method that is designed to maintain sign retroreflectivity at or above the minimum levels in Table 2A-3.

Support:

03 Compliance with the Standard in Paragraph 2 is achieved by having a method in place and using the method to maintain the minimum levels established in Table 2A-3. Provided that an assessment or management method is being used, an agency or official having jurisdiction would be in compliance with the Standard in Paragraph 2 even if there are some individual signs that do not meet the minimum retroreflectivity levels at a particular point in time.

Guidance:

04 Except for those signs specifically identified in Paragraph 6, one or more of the following assessment or management methods should be used to maintain sign retroreflectivity:

A. Visual Nighttime Inspection-The retroreflectivity of an existing sign is assessed by a trained sign inspector conducting a visual inspection from a moving vehicle during nighttime conditions. Signs that are visually identified by the inspector to have retroreflectivity below the minimum levels should be replaced.

B. Measured Sign Retroreflectivity-Sign retroreflectivity is measured using a retroreflectometer. Signs with retroreflectivity below the minimum levels should be replaced.

C. Expected Sign Life-When signs are installed, the installation date is labeled or recorded so that the age of a sign is known. The age of the sign is compared to the expected sign life. The expected sign life is based on the experience of sign retroreflectivity degradation in a geographic area compared to the minimum levels. Signs older than the expected life should be replaced.

D. Blanket Replacement-All signs in an area/corridor, or of a given type, should be replaced at specified intervals. This eliminates the need to assess retroreflectivity or track the life of individual signs. The replacement interval is based on the expected sign life, compared to the minimum levels, for the shortest-life material used on the affected signs.

E. Control Signs-Replacement of signs in the field is based on the performance of a sample of control signs. The control signs might be a small sample located in a maintenance yard or a sample of signs in the field. The control signs are monitored to determine the end of retroreflective life for the associated signs. All field signs represented by the control sample should be replaced before the retroreflectivity levels of the control sample reach the minimum levels.

F. Other Methods-Other methods developed based on engineering studies can be used.

Support:

05 Additional information about these methods is contained in the 2007 Edition of FHWA's "Maintaining Traffic Sign Retroreflectivity" (see Section 1A.11).

Option:

06 Highway agencies may exclude the following signs from the retroreflectivity maintenance guidelines described in this Section:

A. Parking, Standing, and Stopping signs (R7 and R8 series)

B. Walking/Hitchhiking/Crossing signs (R9 series, R10-1 through R10-4b)

C. Acknowledgment signs

D. All signs with blue or brown backgrounds

E. Bikeway signs that are intended for exclusive use by bicyclists or pedestrians

Table 2A-3. Minimum Maintained Retroreflectivity Levels1

Sign Color	Sheeting Type (ASTM D4956-04)					Additional Criteria
	Beaded Sheeting			Prismatic Sheeting
	I	II	III	III, IV, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X
White on Green	W*; G [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO] 7	W*; G [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO] 15	W*; G [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO] 25	W [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO] 250; G [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO] 25		Overhead
	W*; G [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO] 7	W [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO] 120; G [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO] 15				Post-mounted
Black on Yellow or Black on Orange	Y; O	Y [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO] 50; O [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO] 50				2
	Y; O	Y [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO] 75; O [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO] 75				3
White on Red	W [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO] 35; R [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO] 7					4
Black on White	W [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO] 50					ï¿1/2
¹ The minimum maintained retroreflectivity levels shown in this table are in units of cd/lx/m2 measured at an observation angle of 0.2° and an entrance angle of -4.0°. ² For text and fine symbol signs measuring at least 48 inches and for all sizes of bold symbol signs ³ For text and fine symbol signs measuring less than 48 inches ⁴ Minimum sign contrast ratio [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO] 3:1 (white retroreflectivity ÷ red retroreflectivity) ^* This sheeting type shall not be used for this color for this application
Bold Symbol Signs
* W1-1,2 - Turn and Curve * W1-3,4 - Reverse Turn and Curve * W1-5 - Winding Road * W1-6,7 - Large Arrow * W1-8 - Chevron * W1-10 - Intersection in Curve * W1-11 - Hairpin Curve * W1-15 - 270 Degree Loop * W2-1 - Cross Road * W2-2,3 - Side Road * W2-4,5 - T and Y Intersection * W2-6 - Circular Intersection * W2-7,8 - Double Side Roads		* W3-1 - Stop Ahead * W3-2 - Yield Ahead * W3-3 - Signal Ahead * W4-1 - Merge * W4-2 - Lane Ends * W4-3 - Added Lane * W4-5 - Entering Roadway Merge * W4-6 - Entering Roadway Added Lane * W6-1,2 - Divided Highway Begins and Ends * W6-3 - Two-Way Traffic * W10-1,2,3,4,11,12 - Grade Crossing Advance Warning			* W11-2 - Pedestrian Crossing * W11-3,4,16-22 - Large Animals * W11-5 - Farm Equipment * W11-6 - Snowmobile Crossing * W11 -7 - Equestrian Crossing * W11-8 - Fire Station * W11-10 - Truck Crossing * W12-1 - Double Arrow * W16-5P,6P,7P - Pointing Arrow Plaques * W20-7 - Flagger * W21-1 - Worker
Fine Symbol Signs (symbol signs not listed as bold symbol signs)
Special Cases
* W3-1 - Stop Ahead: Red retroreflectivity [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO] 7 * W3-2 - Yield Ahead: Red retroreflectivity [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO] 7; White retroreflectivity [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO] 35 * W3-3 - Signal Ahead: Red retroreflectivity [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO] 7; Green retroreflectivity [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO] 7 * W3-5 - Speed Reduction: White retroreflectivity [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO] 50 * For non-diamond shaped signs, such as W14-3 (No Passing Zone), W4-4P (Cross Traffic Does Not Stop), or W13-1P,2,3,6,7 (Speed Advisory Signs), use the largest sign dimension to determine the proper minimum retroreflectivity level.

2 Del. Admin. Code § 2A.08