5 Colo. Code Regs. § 1001-29-B-II

Current through Register Vol. 47, No. 24, December 25, 2024

Section 5 CCR 1001-29-B-II - Solvent Use

II.A. General Provisions

II.A.1. Applicability

The provisions of this section apply to cold cleaners, non-conveyorized vapor degreasers, conveyorized degreasers, industrial cleaning solvent operations, and other operations that use solvents. Open top vapor degreasers are a subset of non-conveyorized vapor degreasers. The owner or operator of a unit subject to this section shall ensure that no such unit is used unless the requirements of this section are satisfied. Section II.E. requirements are effective on January 1, 2017. Section II.F. requirements are effective on May 1, 2021.

II.A.2. Definitions

II.A.2.a. "Cold-Cleaner" means a container of non-aqueous liquid solvent held below its boiling point, which is designed, used, or intended for cleaning solid objects in a batch-loaded process. A "cold-cleaner" may have provisions for heating the solvent. It does not include vapor degreasers or continuously loaded conveyorized degreasers.

II.A.2.b. "Composite Partial Vapor Pressure" means the sum of the partial pressures of the compounds defined as VOCs. Composite partial vapor pressure is calculated as follows:

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Where:

Wi = Weight of the "i"th VOC compound, in grams

Ww = Weight of water, in grams

We = Weight of exempt compound, in grams

MWi = Molecular weight of the "i"th VOC compound, in g/g-mole

MWw = Molecular weight of water, in g/g-mole

MWc = Molecular weight of exempt compound, in g/g-mole

PPc = VOC composite partial vapor pressure at 20°C (68°F), in mm Hg

VPi = Vapor pressure of the "i"th VOC compound at 20°C(68°F), in mm Hg

II.A.2.c. "Conveyorized Degreaser" means an apparatus that performs degreasing or other cleaning functions through the use of non-aqueous liquid solvent and/or solvent vapors within a container, and which has a conveyor mechanism allowing continuous loading of items conveyed into and out of the solvent.

II.A.2.d. "Freeboard" in a vapor degreaser means the vertical distance from the top of the vapor zone (as established by normal operations within the specifications of the degreaser manufacturer) to the top of the degreaser. For cold-cleaners "freeboard" means the vertical distance from the surface of the solvent liquid to the top of the degreaser. If all sides are not even, the vertical distance to the top of the lowest side shall be used to make the determination of freeboard.

II.A.2.e. "Freeboard Ratio" means the ratio of the freeboard to the width of the solvent surface.

II.A.2.f. "Industrial Cleaning Solvent" means a VOC-containing liquid used to perform industrial cleaning solvent operations.

II.A.2.g. "Industrial Cleaning Solvent Operation" means the use of an industrial cleaning solvent for cleaning industrial operations such as spray gun cleaning, spray booth cleaning, large manufactured parts cleaning, equipment cleaning, floor cleaning, line cleaning, parts cleaning, tank cleaning, and small manufactured parts cleaning. Residential and janitorial cleaning are not considered industrial cleaning solvent operations.

II.A.2.h. "Non-Conveyorized Vapor Degreaser" means an apparatus, which uses non-aqueous solvent vapors within some type of container to degrease or otherwise clean solid objects in a batch-loaded process. It excludes continuously loaded conveyorized degreasers.

II.A.2.i. "Residential and Janitorial Cleaning" means the cleaning of a building or building components including, but not limited to, floors, ceilings, wall, windows, doors, stairs, bathrooms, furnishings, and exterior surfaces of office equipment, excluding the cleaning of work areas where manufacturing or repair activity is performed.

II.A.2.j. "Solvent Metal Cleaning" means the process of cleaning soils from metal surfaces by cold cleaning, conveyorized degreasing, or non-conveyorized vapor degreasing.

II.A.3. Transfer of waste solvent and used solvent

In any disposal or transfer of waste or used solvent, at least 80 percent by weight of the solvent/waste liquid shall be retained (i.e., no more than 20 percent of the liquid solvent/solute mixture shall evaporate or otherwise be lost during transfers).

II.A.4. Storage of waste solvent and used solvent

Waste or used solvent shall be stored in closed containers unless otherwise required by law.

II.A.5. Any control device shall meet the applicable requirements of Sections I.A.3.a., b., c., e., and I.A.8.a. and b.

II.B. Control of Solvent Cold-Cleaners

II.B.1. Control Equipment

II.B.1.a. Covers

II.B.1.a.(i) All cold-cleaners shall have a properly fitting cover.

II.B.1.a.(ii) Covers shall be designed to be easily operable with one hand under any of the following conditions:

II.B.1.a.(ii)(A) Solvent true vapor pressure is greater than 15 torr (0.3 psia) at 38°C (100°F).

II.B.1.a.(ii)(B) The solvent is agitated by an agitating mechanism.

II.B.1.a.(ii)(C) The solvent is heated.

II.B.1.b. Drainage Facility

II.B.1.b.(i) All cold-cleaners shall have a drainage facility that captures the drained liquid solvent from the cleaned parts.

II.B.1.b.(ii) For cold-cleaners using solvent which has a vapor pressure greater than 32 torr (0.62 psia) measured at 38°C (100°F) either:

II.B.1.b.(ii)(A) There shall be an internal drainage facility within the confines of the cold-cleaner, so that parts are enclosed under the (closed) cover to drain after cleaning, or if such a facility will not fit within;

II.B.1.b.(ii)(B) An enclosed, external drainage facility that captures the drained solvent liquid from the cleaned parts.

II.B.1.c. A permanent, clearly visible sign shall be mounted on or next to the cold-cleaner. The sign shall list the operating requirements.

II.B.1.d. Solvent spray apparatus shall not have a splashing, fine atomizing, or shower type action but rather should produce a solid, cohesive stream. Solvent spray shall be used at a pressure that does not cause excessive splashing.

For solvents with a true vapor pressure above 32 torr (0.62 psia) at 38°C (100°F), or, for solvents heated above 50°C (120°F), one of the following techniques shall be used:

II.B.1.d.(i) A freeboard ratio greater than or equal to 0.7.

II.B.1.d.(ii) A water or a non-volatile liquid cover. The cover liquid shall not be soluble in the solvent and shall not be denser than the solvent and the depth of the cover liquid shall be sufficient to prevent the escape of solvent vapors.

II.B.2. Operating requirements

II.B.2.a. The cold-cleaner cover shall be closed whenever parts are not being handled within the cleaner confines.

II.B.2.b. Cleaned parts shall be drained for at least 15 seconds and/or until dripping ceases. Any pools of solvent shall be tipped out on the clean part back into the tank.

II.C. Control of Non-Conveyorized Vapor Degreasers

II.C.1. Control Equipment

II.C.1.a. The non-conveyorized vapor degreaser shall have a cover which shall be designed and operated so that it can be easily opened and closed through the use of mechanical assists such as spring loading, counterweights, etc.; opening and closing the cover shall not disturb the vapor zone.

II.C.1.b. Safety Switches

The following two types of switches shall be installed on vapor degreasers:

II.C.1.b.(i) Condenser flow switch and thermostat- (shuts off sump heat if the condenser coolant is either not circulating or is too warm); and

II.C.1.b.(ii) Spray safety switch- (shuts off spray pump if the vapor level drops more than four (4) inches).

II.C.1.c. Control Device

II.C.1.c.(i) For non-conveyorized vapor degreasers with an open area (with the cover open) of one square meter (10.8 ft₂) or less, either the freeboard ratio shall be greater than or equal to 0.75, or one of the control devices in II.C.1.c.(ii) shall be used.

II.C.1.c.(ii) For non-conveyorized vapor degreasers with an open area (with the cover open) greater than one (1) square meter, (10.8 ft₂), at least one of the following control systems shall be used:

II.C.1.c.(ii)(A) Both a powered cover and a freeboard ratio greater than or equal to 0.75.

II.C.1.c.(ii)(B) A refrigerated chiller with a cooling capacity equivalent to or greater than the applicable specifications in Appendix C.

II.C.1.c.(ii)(C) An enclosed design: A system where the cover(s) or door(s) opens only when a dry part is entering or exiting the degreaser.

II.C.1.c.(ii)(D) A carbon adsorption system with ventilation greater than or equal to 15 cubic meters each minute per square meter (50 cfm/ft₂) of air/vapor area (when the cover(s) is [are] open), exhausting less than 25 parts per million (by volume) of solvent averaged over one complete adsorption cycle.

II.C.1.d. A permanent, clearly visible sign shall be mounted on or next to the degreaser. The sign shall list the operating requirements.

II.C.2. Operating Requirements

II.C.2.a. Keep cover closed at all times except when processing work loads into or out of the degreaser.

II.C.2.b. The following operations shall be performed to minimize solvent carry-out:

II.C.2.b.(i) Rack parts to allow full drainage.

II.C.2.b.(ii) Move parts as slowly as is practicable in and out of the degreaser. A maximum of one foot every five seconds by hand or a maximum of 5.5 cm/sec. (10.8ft/min) for a mechanically operated system.

II.C.2.b.(iii) Allow the workload to clean in the vapor zone at least 30 seconds or until condensation ceases.

II.C.2.b.(iv) Tip out any pools of solvent that remain on the cleaned parts before removal from the vapor zone.

II.C.2.b.(v) Allow parts to dry within the degreaser at least 15 seconds and/or until visually dry.

II.C.2.c. Solvents shall not be used to clean porous or absorbent materials; for example, cloth, leather, wood, rope, etc.

II.C.2.d. Workloads shall not occupy more than half of the degreaser's open top area.

II.C.2.e. Spraying shall not be done above the vapor level.

II.C.2.f. Solvent leaks shall be repaired immediately, or the degreaser shall be shut down.

II.C.2.g. Exhaust ventilation shall not exceed twenty (20) cubic meters per minute per square meter (65.6 cfm per sq. ft.) of degreaser open area, unless greater exhaust rates are necessary to meet Occupational and Safety Health Act requirements. Ventilation fans shall not be used near the degreaser opening, unless necessary to meet Occupational and Safety Health Act requirements.

II.C.2.h. The water separator shall function so that no visible water is present in the solvent exiting the separator.

II.D. Control of Conveyorized Degreasers

II.D.1. Control Equipment

II.D.1.a. Control Device

For all conveyorized degreasers with a solvent surface area greater than two (2) square meters (21.5 square feet), the degreasing shall be controlled by at least one of the following:

II.D.1.a.(i) Carbon adsorption system, with ventilation greater or equal to 15 cubic meters per minute per square meter (49.2 cfm/ft₂) of air/vapor interface for vapor degreasers (of air/liquid interface for non-vapor types) when down-time covers are open, and exhausting less than 25 parts per million of solvent (by volume) averaged over a complete adsorption cycle.

II.D.1.a.(ii) For vapor degreasers only: a refrigerated chiller with a cooling capacity equivalent to or greater than the applicable specifications in Appendix D.

II.D.1.b. Prevention of Carry-out

A drying tunnel, tumbling basket(s), or other demonstrably effective method(s) shall be employed to prevent cleaned parts from carrying out solvent liquid or vapor.

II.D.1.c. Safety Switches

II.D.1.c.(i) The following two (2) switch-circuits (or equivalent) shall be installed.

II.D.1.c.(i)(A) A spray safety switch shall shut off the spray pump and/or the conveyor if the vapor level drops more than four (4) inches.

II.D.1.c.(i)(B) A vapor level control thermostat shall shut off sump heat when the vapor level rises too high.

II.D.1.c.(ii) All conveyorized degreasers shall have a condenser thermostat and flow-detector switch (or equivalent) which shuts off sump heat if coolant is too warm or is not circulating.

II.D.1.d. Minimized Openings: Degreaser entrance and exit openings shall silhouette workloads so that the average clearance between parts (or parts-and the edge of the degreaser opening) is either:

II.D.1.d.(i) less than 10 centimeters (4 inches) or;

II.D.1.d.(ii) less than 10 percent of the width of the opening

II.D.1.e. Covers shall be provided to close off all the entrance(s) and exit(s) when the conveyor is not in use.

II.D.1.f. A permanent, clearly visible sign shall be mounted on or next to the degreaser. The sign shall list the operating requirements.

II.D.2. Operating Requirements

II.D.2.a. Exhaust ventilation shall not exceed 20 m³/minute per square meter of degreaser opening (65.6 cf/m per square foot), unless necessary to meet OSHA requirements. Work place fans shall not be located near, nor directed at degreaser openings, unless necessary to meet OSHA requirements. Exhaust flow shall be measured by EPA reference methods 1 and 2 of 40 CFR Part 60 (August 30, 2016).

II.D.2.b. Carry-out emissions shall be minimized by:

II.D.2.b.(i) Racking parts in such a manner to achieve best drainage.

II.D.2.b.(ii) Maintaining the vertical component of conveyor speed at less than 3.3 meters per minute (10.8 feet per minute).

II.D.2.c. Repair solvent leaks immediately, or shut down the degreaser.

II.D.2.d. The water separator shall function with an efficiency sufficient to prevent water from being visible in the solvent exiting the separator.

II.D.2.e. Down-time cover(s) shall be placed over entrances and exits of conveyorized degreasers immediately after the conveyor and exhaust are shut down. Covers shall be retained in position until immediately before start-up.

II.E. Control of Industrial Cleaning Solvent Operations

II.E.1. Control Requirements

The owner or operator of an industrial cleaning solvent operation with total combined uncontrolled actual VOC emissions equal to or greater than three (3) tons per calendar year (excluding VOC emissions from solvents used for cleaning operations that are exempt under Section II.E.4.) must:

II.E.1.a. Limit the VOC content of cleaning solvents to less than or equal to 0.42 lb of VOC/gal (50 grams VOC/liter); or

II.E.1.b. Limit the composite partial vapor pressure of the cleaning solvent to 8 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) at 20 degrees Celsius (68 degrees Fahrenheit); or

II.E.1.c. Reduce VOC emissions with an emission control system having a control efficiency of 90% or greater.

II.E.2. Work Practice Requirements

The owner or operator of an industrial cleaning solvent operation must implement the following work practice requirements at all times to reduce VOC emissions from fugitive sources:

II.E.2.a. Cover open containers and used applicators in a manner that minimizes evaporation into the atmosphere;

II.E.2.b. Properly dispose of used solvent and shop towels; and

II.E.2.c. Implement good air pollution control practices that minimize emissions, including, but not limited to, using only volumes necessary for cleaning and maintaining cleaning equipment to be leak free.

II.E.3. Monitoring, Recordkeeping and Reporting Requirements

II.E.3.a. The owner or operator of an industrial cleaning solvent operation must keep the following records for two (2) years and make them available for inspection by the Division upon request:

II.E.3.a.(i) If applicable, records demonstrating that a listed exemption to this Section II.E. applies.

II.E.3.a.(ii) If applicable, monthly records such as safety data sheets or other analytical data from the industrial cleaning solvent manufacturer showing the VOC type and VOC content, or the composite partial vapor pressure at 20 degrees Celsius, and total amount of VOC-containing solvent used in solvent cleaning operations to demonstrate compliance with the control requirements in Sections II.E.1.a. and II.E.1.b.

II.E.3.a.(iii) If applicable, monthly records sufficient to demonstrate compliance with the control requirement in Section II.E.1.c.

II.E.3.a.(iv) Records of calendar year VOC emission estimates demonstrating whether the industrial cleaning solvent operation meets or exceeds the applicability threshold in Section II.E.1.

II.E.3.b. Compliance with the control requirements in Section II.E.1. must be demonstrated using one of the following methods as applicable:

II.E.3.b.(i) Safety data sheets or other analytical data from the industrial cleaning solvent manufacturer to demonstrate compliance with Sections II.E.1.a. and II.E.1.b.;

II.E.3.b.(ii) A manufacturer guarantee of the control equipment's emission control efficiency and operation and maintenance of control equipment according to manufacturer's specifications to demonstrate compliance with Section II.E.1.c.; or

II.E.3.b.(iii) A performance test conducted during representative operations using one of the following methods, as applicable:

II.E.3.b.(iii)(A) EPA Method 24 ( 40 CFR Part 60 , Appendix A) (October 7, 2020) to determine VOC content;

II.E.3.b.(iii)(B) EPA Method 18, 25, or 25A ( 40 CFR Part 60 , Appendix A) (November 14, 2018) to determine control efficiency of the emission control equipment.

II.E.4. Exemptions

II.E.4.a. Industrial cleaning solvent operations are not subject to Section II.E. if they are subject to a work practice or emission control requirement in another federally enforceable section of Regulation Number 7, Number 24, Number 25, and Number 26 that establishes RACT.

II.E.4.b. The VOC control requirements in Section II.E.1. do not apply to:

II.E.4.b.(i) Cleaning of electrical and electronic components;

II.E.4.b.(ii) Cleaning of precision optics;

II.E.4.b.(iii) Cleaning of numismatic dies;

II.E.4.b.(iv) Stripping of cured inks, coatings, and adhesives;

II.E.4.b.(v) Cleaning of resin, coating, ink, and adhesive manufacturing, mixing, molding, and application equipment;

II.E.4.b.(vi) Cleaning of research and development laboratories;

II.E.4.b.(vii) Cleaning of medical device or pharmaceutical manufacturing equipment;

II.E.4.b.(viii) Performance testing to determine coating, adhesive, ink or ink performance;

II.E.4.b.(ix) Cleaning of equipment and materials used in testing for quality control or quality assurance purposes;

II.E.4.b.(x) Cleaning of digital printing operations; and

II.E.4.b.(xi) Cleaning of screen printing operations.

II.E.4.c. In lieu of compliance with Section II.E.1. and II.E.2., the owner or operator of an area source aerospace facility, as defined in 40 CFR Part 63, Section 63.742 (November 17, 2016), may implement the solvent cleaning provisions of the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Aerospace Manufacturing and Rework facilities contained in 40 CFR Part 63, Section 63.744 (November 17, 2016) along with the applicable definitions contained in 40 CFR Part 63, Section 63.742 (November 17, 2016), except that:

II.E.4.c.(i) VOC-containing solvents which meet the definition of "non-HAP materials" in 40 CFR Part 63, Section 63.742 (November 17, 2016) are not excluded from the housekeeping measures contained in 40 CFR Part 63, Section 63.744(a) (November 17, 2016); and

II.E.4.c.(ii) The baseline reduction compliance option contained in 40 CFR Part 63, Section 63.744(b)(3) (November 17, 2016) is not available for purposes of compliance with this VOC control rule.

II.F. General Solvent Use

II.F.1. Applicability

II.F.1.a. Within the 8-Hour Ozone Control Area: As of May 1, 2021, the requirements of Section II.F. apply to operations that use solvents with uncontrolled actual VOC emissions greater than or equal to two (2) tons per year that existed at major sources of VOC (greater than or equal to 50 tpy VOC) as of January 27, 2020.

II.F.1.b. (State Only) Outside the 8-Hour Ozone Control Area: As of May 1, 2021, the requirements of Section II.F. apply to operations that use solvents with uncontrolled actual VOC emissions greater than or equal to five (5) tons per year that existed at sources of VOC greater than or equal to 50 tpy VOC as of January 27, 2020.

II.F.1.c. Within the 8-Hour Ozone Control Area: As of May 1, 2023, the requirements of Section II.F. apply to operations that use solvents with uncontrolled actual VOC emissions greater than or equal to two (2) tons per year that existed at major sources of VOC (greater than or equal to 25 tpy VOC) as of November 7, 2022.

II.F.2. Exemptions

The requirements of this Section II.F. do not apply to:

II.F.2.a. Operations that are subject to a solvent work practice or emission control requirement in another federally enforceable section of Regulation Number 7, Number 24, Number 25, and Number 26 that constitutes RACT, or;

II.F.2.b. Solvent use where the solvent does not contain VOCs.

II.F.3. Work practice requirements

The owner or operator of operations that use solvents must implement the following work practice requirements at all times to reduce VOC emissions from fugitive sources:

II.F.3.a. Cover open containers and used applicators in a manner that minimizes evaporation into the atmosphere;

II.F.3.b. Properly dispose of used solvent and solvent contaminated waste (e.g. shop towels and carbon filtration or other control device media), and;

II.F.3.c. Implement good air pollution control practices that minimize emissions, including but not limited to:

II.F.3.c.(i) Using low or no-VOC solvents, if possible;

II.F.3.c.(ii) Using only volumes of solvent necessary for operations;

II.F.3.c.(iii) Using submerged fill pipes in storage tanks and containers;

II.F.3.c.(iv) Using closed loop systems to minimize solvent loss during transfer and use of solvents;

II.F.3.c.(v) Maintaining solvent storage, transfer, and use operations equipment in such a way that it minimizes evaporation loss and remains leak free, and;

II.F.3.c.(vi) Owners or operators of sources that use a carbon adsorption system must provide for the proper disposal or reuse of all VOC recovered.

II.F.4. Control of general solvent use

The owner or operator of operations that use solvents with uncontrolled actual VOC emissions greater than or equal to twenty-five (25) tons per year on a calendar year basis, and that are located in the 8-Hour Ozone Control Area, must reduce solvent use VOC emissions by 90%.

II.F.5. Monitoring requirements

II.F.5.a. The owner or operator of operations that use solvents that utilize a closed-loop system for emission control must inspect the control system using audio, visual, olfactory (AVO) on a monthly basis for perceptible emissions. First attempt to repair must be made upon detection if feasible, but no later than three (3) calendar days from detection.

II.F.5.b The owner or operator of operations that use solvents that utilize a control device must operate and maintain the control device consistent with the manufacturer's specifications.

II.F.5.c. The owner or operator of operations that use solvents that are subject to the 90% control requirement in Section II.F.4. must:

II.F.5.c.(i) Complete a performance test once every three (3) years during representative operations to verify compliance with Section II.F.4. using one of the following methods, as applicable:

II.F.5.c.(i)(A) EPA Method 24 (40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A) (October 7, 2020) to determine VOC content.

II.F.5.c.(i)(B) EPA Method 18, 25, or 25A ( 40 CFR Part 60 , Appendix A) (November 14, 2018) to determine control efficiency of the emission control equipment

II.F.5.c.(ii) Conduct all performance tests in accordance with EPA test methods and a test protocol submitted to the Division for review at least thirty (30) days prior to testing and in accordance with AQCC Common Provisions Regulation Section II.C.

II.F.5.c.(iii) Comply with control device and monitoring system manufacturers' specifications for operation and maintenance for equipment used to demonstrate compliance with Section II.F.4.

II.F.6. Recordkeeping

II.F.6.a. Records of calendar year VOC emission estimates demonstrating whether the solvent operation meets or exceeds the applicability threshold in Section II.F.1.

II.F.6.b. If applicable, records demonstrating that an exemption to Section II.F.2. applies.

II.F.6.c. Monthly solvent losses based on beginning and ending inventories, solvent received, inventory adjustments, solvent destroyed in a control device, solvent recovered, and any volume of solvent normally retained in recovery equipment. Solvent losses must be totaled on a rolling 12-month basis.

II.F.6.d. Monthly records such as safety data sheets or other analytical data from the solvent manufacturer showing the VOC type and VOC content, or the composite partial vapor pressure at 20 degrees Celsius, and total amount of VOC-containing solvent used in solvent operations.

II.F.6.e. Records of negative pressure ranges, and other records necessary to demonstrate compliance with Section II.F.3.

II.F.6.f. Manufacturer guarantee of the control equipment's emission control efficiency to demonstrate compliance with Section II.F.4.

II.F.6.g. If applicable, monthly records of operation and maintenance of control device and monitoring system according to manufacturer's specifications to demonstrate compliance with Sections II.F.4. and II.F.5.

II.F.6.h. If applicable, Records of performance tests conducted to demonstrate compliance with Section II.F.5.

II.F.6.i. If applicable, monthly records of AVO inspections including:

II.F.6.i.(i) The date, facility name, and facility AIRS ID or facility location if the facility does not have an AIRS ID for each inspection;

II.F.6.i.(ii) A list of the leaks requiring repair,

II.F.6.i.(iii) The date of first attempt to repair the leak and, if necessary, any additional attempt to repair;

II.F.6.i.(iv) The date the leak was repaired and type of repair method applied.

II.F.6.j. Records must be maintained for two (2) years and made available for inspection by the Division upon request.

5 CCR 1001-29-B-II

46 CR 10, May 25, 2023, effective 6/14/2023