7 C.F.R. § 800.86

Current through September 30, 2024
Section 800.86 - Inspection of shiplot, unit train, and lash barge grain in single lots
(a)General. Official inspection for grade of bulk or sacked grain aboard, or being loaded aboard, or being unloaded from a ship, unit train, or lash barges as a single lot shall be performed according to the provisions of this section and procedures prescribed in the instructions.
(b)Application procedure. Applications for the official inspection of shiplot, unit train, and lash barges as a single lot shall:
(1) Be filed in advance of loading or unloading;
(2) Show the estimated quantity of grain to be certificated;
(3) Show the contract grade and official criteria if applicable; and
(4) Identify the carrier and stowage area into which the grain is being loaded, or from which the grain is being unloaded, or in which the grain is at rest.
(c)Inspection procedures -
(1)General information. Shiplot, unit train, and lash barge grain officially inspected as a single lot shall be sampled in a reasonably continuous operation. Representative samples shall be obtained from the grain offered for inspection and inspected and graded in accordance with a statistical acceptance sampling and inspection plan according to the provisions of this section and procedures prescribed in the instructions.
(2)Tolerances. The probability of accepting or rejecting portions of the lot during loading or unloading is dependent on inspection results obtained from preceding portions and the applied breakpoints and procedures. Breakpoints shall be periodically reviewed and revised based on new estimates of inspection variability. Tables 1 through 24 list the breakpoints for all grains.

Table 1-Grade Limits (GL) and Breakpoints (BP) for Six-Rowed Malting Barley

GradeMinimum limits of-Maximum limits of-
Test weight per bushel
(pounds)
Suitable
malting types
(percent)
Sound barley1
(percent)
Damaged
kernels1
(percent)
Wild oats
(percent)
Foreign
material
(percent)
Other grains
(percent)
Skinned and broken kernels
(percent)
Thin barley
(percent)
GLBPGLBPGLBPGLBPGLBPGLBPGLBPGLBPGLBP
U.S. No. 147.0-0.597.0-1.098.0-0.82.00.81.00.60.50.12.00.84.01.17.00.6
U.S. No. 245.0-0.597.0-1.098.0-0.83.00.91.00.61.00.43.00.96.01.410.00.9
U.S. No. 343.0-0.595.0-1.396.0-1.14.01.12.00.82.00.55.01.38.01.515.00.9
U.S. No. 443.0-0.595.0-1.393.0-1.15.01.33.00.93.00.65.01.310.01.615.00.9

1 Injured-by-frost kernels and injured-by-mold kernels are not considered damaged kernels or considered against sound barley.

Table 2-Grade Limits (GL) and Breakpoints (BP) for Two-Rowed Malting Barley

GradeMinimum limits of-Maximum limits of-
Test weight per bushel
(pounds)
Suitable
malting types
(percent)
Sound barley1
(percent)
Damaged
kernels1
(percent)
Wild oats
(percent)
Foreign
material
(percent)
Other grains
(percent)
Skinned and broken kernels
(percent)
Thin barley
(percent)
GLBPGLBPGLBPGLBPGLBPGLBPGLBPGLBPGLBP
U.S. No. 150.0-0.597.0-1.098.0-0.82.00.81.00.60.50.12.00.84.01.15.00.4
U.S. No. 248.0-0.597.0-1.098.0-0.83.00.91.00.61.00.43.00.96.01.47.00.5
U.S. No. 348.0-0.595.0-1.396.0-1.14.01.12.00.82.00.55.01.38.01.510.00.9
U.S. No. 448.0-0.595.0-1.393.0-1.15.01.33.00.93.00.65.01.310.01.610.00.9

1 Injured-by-frost kernels and injured-by-mold kernels are not considered damaged kernels or considered against sound barley.

Note: Malting barley must not be infested in accordance with § 810.107(b) and must not contain any special grades as defined in § 810.206 . Six- and two-rowed barley varieties not meeting the above requirements must be graded in accordance with standards established for the class Barley.

Table 3-Grade Limits (GL) and Breakpoints (BP) for Barley

GradeMinimum limits of-Maximum limits of-
Test weight per bushel (pounds) Sound barley (percent) Damaged kernels1 (percent) Heat damaged kernels (percent) Foreign material (percent) Broken kernels (percent) Thin barley (percent)
GL BPGL BPGL BPGL BPGL BPGL BPGL BP
U.S. No. 147.0 -0.597.0 -1.12.0 0.80.2 0.11.0 0.44.0 1.010.0 0.9
U.S. No. 245.0 -0.594.0 -1.44.0 1.00.3 0.12.0 0.48.0 1.515.0 0.9
U.S. No. 343.0 -0.590.0 -1.66.0 1.40.5 0.23.0 0.512.0 1.825.0 1.3
U.S. No. 440.0 -0.585.0 -2.28.0 1.51.0 0.54.0 0.518.0 1.835.0 1.9
U.S. No. 536.0 -0.575.0 -2.210.0 1.83.0 0.65.0 0.628.0 2.475.0 2.3

1 Includes heat-damaged kernels. Injured-by-frost kernels and injured-by-mold kernels are not considered damaged kernels.

Table 4-Breakpoints for Barley Special Grades and Factors

Special grade or factorGrade or range limit Breakpoint
DockageAs specified by contract or load order0.23
Two-rowed BarleyNot more than 10.0% of Six-rowed in Two-rowed1.8
Six-rowed BarleyNot more than 10.0% of Two-rowed in Six-rowed1.8
Malting (Blue Aleurone Layers)Not less than 90.0%-1.3
Malting (White Aleurone Layers)Not less than 90.0%-1.3
SmuttyMore than 0.20%0.06
Garlicky3 or more in 500 grams21/3
ErgotyMore than 0.10%0.13
InfestedSame as in § 810.107 0
BlightedMore than 4.0%1.1
Injured-by-Frost KernelsNot more than 1.9%0.1
Injured-by-Heat KernelsNot more than 0.2%0.04
Frost-damaged KernelsNot more than 0.4%0.05
Heat-damaged KernelsNot more than 0.1%0.1
Other GrainsNot more than 25.0%2.4
MoistureAs specified by contract or load order grade0.5

Table 5-Grade Limits (GL) and Breakpoints (BP) for Corn

GradeMinimum test weight per bushel (pounds)Maximum limits of-
Damaged kernels
Heat-damaged kernels (percent) Total (percent) Broken corn and foreign material (percent)
GL BPGL BPGL BPGL BP
U.S. No. 156.0 -0.40.1 0.13.0 1.02.0 0.2
U.S. No. 254.0 -0.40.2 0.25.0 1.33.0 0.3
U.S. No. 352.0 -0.40.5 0.37.0 1.54.0 0.3
U.S. No. 449.0 -0.41.0 0.510.0 1.85.0 0.4
U.S. No. 546.0 -0.43.0 0.915.0 2.17.0 0.4

Table 6-Breakpoints for Corn Special Grades and Factors

Special grade or factorGrade limit Breakpoint
Flint95 percent or more of flint corn-1.0
Flint and DentMore than 5 percent, but less than 95 percent of flint corn1.0 or -1.0
InfestedSame as in § 810.107 0
Corn of other colors:
WhiteNot more than 2.0 percent0.8
YellowNot more than 5.0 percent1.0
Waxy95 percent or more-3.0
High BCFMAs specified by contract or load order grade10 percent of the load order grade
MoistureAs specified by contract or load order grade0.4

Table 7-Grade limits (GL) and Breakpoints (BP) for Flaxseed

GradeMinimum test weight per bushel (pounds)Maximum limits of-damaged kernels
Heat-damaged kernels (percent) Total (percent)
GL BPGL BPGL BP
U.S. No. 149.0 -0.10.2 0.110.0 0.9
U.S. No. 247.0 -0.10.5 0.115.0 1.1

Table 8-Breakpoints for Flaxseed Special Grades and Factors

Special grade or factorGrade limit Breakpoint
MoistureAs specified by load order or contract grade0.4
Dockage0.99 percent or above0.32

Table 9-Grade Limits (GL) and Breakpoints (BP) for Mixed Grain

GradeMaximum Limits of-
Moisture (percent) Damaged kernels
Total (percent) Heat-damaged kernels (percent)
GL BPGL BP
U.S. Mixed Grain16.015.0 0.63.0 0.4

NOTE: There is no tolerance for U.S. Sample grade Mixed Grain.

Table 10-Breakpoints for Mixed Grain Special Grades and Factors

Special grade or factorGrade limit Breakpoint
Smutty15 or more in 250 grams (wheat, rye, or triticale predominates)6
More than 0.2% (all other mixtures)0.05
ErgotyMore than 0.30% (rye wheat predominates)0.13
More than 0.10% (all other mixtures)0
Garlicky2 or more per 1,000 grams (wheat, rye, or triticale predominates)1
4 or more per 500 grams (all other mixtures)2
InfestedSame as in § 810.107 0
BlightedMore than 4.0% (barley predominates)1.1
TreatedSame as in § 810.805 0
MoistureAs specified by contract or load order grade0.5

Table 11-Grade Limits (GL) and Breakpoints (BP) for Oats

GradeMinimum limits of-Maximum limits of-
Test weight per bushel (pounds) Sound Oats (percent) Heat-damaged kernels (percent) Foreign material (percent) Wild Oats (percent)
GL BPGL BPGL BPGL BPGL BP
U.S. No. 136.0 -0.597.0 -0.80.1 0.12.0 0.42.0 0.6
U.S. No. 233.0 -0.594.0 -1.20.3 0.43.0 0.43.0 0.8
U.S. No. 3130.0 -0.590.0 -1.41.0 0.54.0 0.55.0 1.1
U.S. No. 4227.0 -0.580.0 -1.93.0 0.85.0 0.510.0 1.4

1 Oats that are Slightly Weathered shall be graded not higher than U.S. No. 3.

2 Oats that are Badly Stained or Materially Weathered shall be graded not higher than U.S. No. 4.

Table 12-Breakpoints for Oats Special Grades and Factors

Special grade or factorsGrade limit Breakpoint
Heavy38 pounds or more-0.5
Extra Heavy40 pounds or more-0.5
MoistureAs specified by contract or load order grade0.5
ThinMore than 20.0%0.5
SmuttyMore than 0.2%0.05
ErgotyMore than 0.10%0.10
Garlicky4 or more in 500 grams21/3
InfestedSame as in § 810.107 0
BleachedSame as in § 810.1005 0

Table 13-Grade Limits (GL) and Breakpoints (BP) for Rye

GradeMinimum test weight per bushel (pounds)Maximum limits of-
Foreign Material Damaged kernels(percent)Thin rye (percent)
Foreign matter other than wheat (percent) Total (percent) Heat-damaged (percent) Total (percent)
GL BPGL BPGL BPGL BPGL BPGL BP
U.S. No. 156.0 -0.51.0 0.43.0 0.80.2 0.12.0 0.810.0 0.6
U.S. No. 254.0 -0.52.0 0.56.0 1.10.2 0.14.0 1.115.0 0.8
U.S. No. 352.0 -0.54.0 0.810.0 1.40.5 0.47.0 1.425.0 0.9
U.S. No. 449.0 -0.56.0 0.810.0 1.43.0 0.815.0 2.0

Table 14-Breakpoints for Rye Special Grades and Factors

Special grade or factorGrade limit Breakpoint
MoistureAs specified by contract or load order grade0.3
Light Garlicky2 or more per 1,000 grams11/3
GarlickyMore than 6 per 1,000 grams71/3
ErgotyMore than 0.30%0.10
PlumpNot more than 5.0% through 0.064 * 3/8 sieve0.5
Light SmuttyMore than 14 per 250 grams6
SmuttyMore than 30 per 250 grams10
InfestedSame as in § 810.107 0
DockageAs specified by contract or load order grade0.2

Table 15-Grade Limits (GL) and Breakpoints (BP) for Sorghum

GradeMinimum test weight per bushel
(pounds)
Maximum limits of-
Damaged kernelsBroken kernels and foreign material
Heat-damaged
(percent)
Total
(percent)
Total
(percent)
Foreign
material
(percent)
GL BPGL BPGL BPGL BPGL BP
U.S. No. 157.0 -0.40.2 0.12.0 1.13.0 0.51.0 0.4
U.S. No. 255.0 -0.40.5 -0.45.0 1.86.0 0.62.0 0.5
U.S. No. 3153.0 -0.41.0 0.510.0 2.38.0 0.73.0 0.6
U.S. No. 451.0 -0.43.0 0.815.0 2.810.0 0.84.0 0.7

1 Sorghum that is distinctly discolored shall be graded not higher than U.S. No. 3.

Table 16-Breakpoints for Sorghum Special Grades and Factors

Special grade or factorsGrade limit Breakpoint
Class TanninNot less than 90.0%-1.9
SorghumNot less than 97.0%-1.0
WhiteNot less than 98.0%-0.9
Smutty20 or more in 100 grams8
InfestedSame as in § 810.107 0
Dockage0.99% and above0.32
MoistureAs specified by contract or load order grade0.5

Table 17-Grade Limits (GL) and Breakpoints (BP) for Soybeans

GradeMaximum limits of-
Damaged kernels
Heat-damaged (percent)Total (percent)Foreign Material (percent)Splits (percent)
GLBPGLBPGLBPGLBP
U.S. No. 10.20.22.00.81.00.210.01.6
U.S. No. 20.50.33.00.92.00.320.02.2
U.S. No. 3 11.00.55.01.23.00.430.02.5
U.S. No. 4 23.00.98.01.55.00.5 40.02.7

1 Soybeans which are purple mottled or stained shall be graded not higher than U.S. No. 3.

2 Soybeans which are materially weathered shall be graded not higher than U.S. No. 4.

Table 18-Breakpoints for Soybean Special Grades and Factors

Special grade or factorGrade limit Breakpoint
Garlicky5 or more per 1,000 grams2
InfestedSame as in § 810.107 0
Soybeans of other colorsNot more than 10.0%2.3
MoistureAs specified by contract or load order grade0.3
Test WeightAs specified by contract or load order-0.4

Table 20-Breakpoints for Sunflower Seed Special Grades and Factors

Special grade or factorGrade limit Breakpoint
MoistureAs specified by contract or load order grade0.5
Foreign Material1.25% and less0.27
1.26% and above0.39
AdmixtureAs specified by contract or load order grade0.6

Table 21-Grade Limits (GL) and Breakpoints (BP) for Triticale

GradeMinimum test weight per bushel (percent)Maximum limits of-
Damaged kernels Foreign material Shrunken and broken kernels (percent) Defects3 (percent)
Heat-damaged (percent) Total1 (percent) Material other than wheat or rye (percent) Total2 (percent)
GL BPGL BPGL BPGL BPGL BPGL BPGL BP
U.S. No. 148.0 -0.50.2 0.12.0 0.81.0 0.42.0 0.65.0 0.85.0 1.3
U.S. No. 245.0 -0.50.2 0.14.0 1.12.0 0.54.0 0.98.0 0.88.0 1.3
U.S. No. 343.0 -0.50.5 0.48.0 1.53.0 0.67.0 1.212.0 1.612.0 2.3
U.S. No. 441.0 -0.53.0 0.815.0 2.04.0 0.810.0 1.420.0 2.320.0 2.3

1 Includes heat-damaged kernels.

2 Includes material other than wheat or rye.

3 Defects includes damaged kernels (total), foreign material (total), and shrunken and broken kernels. The sum of these three factors may not exceed the limit for defects for each numerical grade.

Table 22-Breakpoints for Triticale Special Grades and Factors

Special grade or factorGrade limit Breakpoint
Garlicky2 or more per 1,000 grams11/3
ErgotyMore than 0.10%0.1
SmuttyMore than 14 per 250 grams6
InfestedSame as in § 810.107 0
Dockage0.99% or above0.32
MoistureAs specified by contract or load order grade0.5

Table 23-Grade Limits (GL) and Breakpoints (BP) for Wheat

GradeMinimum limits of-Maximum limits of-
Test weight per bushelDamaged kernelsForeign material (percent)Shrunken and broken kernels (percent)Defects3 (percent)Wheat of other classes4
Hard red spring wheat or white club wheat1 (pounds)All other classes and subclasses (pounds)Heat-damaged kernels (percent)Total2 (percent)Contrasting classes (percent)Total5 (percent)
GL BPGL BPGL BPGL BPGL BPGL BPGL BPGL BPGL BP
U.S. No. 158.0 -0.360.0 -0.30.2 0.22.0 1.00.4 0.23.0 0.33.0 0.71.0 0.73.0 1.6
U.S. No. 257.0 -0.358.0 -0.30.2 0.24.0 1.50.7 0.35.0 0.45.0 0.92.0 1.05.0 2.1
U.S. No. 355.0 -0.356.0 -0.30.5 0.37.0 1.91.3 0.48.0 0.58.0 1.23.0 1.310.0 2.9
U.S. No. 453.0 -0.354.0 -0.31.0 0.410.0 2.33.0 0.612.0 0.612.0 1.410.0 2.310.0 2.9
U.S. No. 550.0 -0.351.0 -0.33.0 0.715.0 2.75.0 0.720.0 0.720.0 1.510.0 2.310.0 2.9

1 These requirements also apply when Hard Red Spring or White Club wheat predominate in a sample of Mixed wheat.

2 Includes heat-damaged kernels.

3 Defects include damaged kernels (total), foreign material, and shrunken and broken kernels. The sum of these factors may not exceed the limit for defects for each numerical grade.

4 Unclassed wheat of any grade may contain not more than 10.0 percent of wheat of other classes.

5 Includes contrasting classes.

Table 24-Breakpoints for Wheat Special Grades and Factors

Special grade or factorGrade limit Breakpoint
MoistureAs specified by contract or load order grade0.3
GarlickyMore than 2 bulblets per 1,000 grams11/3
Light smuttyMore than 5 smut balls per 250 grams3
SmuttyMore than 30 smut balls per 250 grams10
InfestedSame as in § 810.107 0
ErgotyMore than 0.05%0.03
TreatedSame as in § 810.2204 0
DockageAs specified by contract or load order grade0.2
ProteinAs specified by contract or load order grade0.5
Class and Subclass
Hard red spring:
DNS75% or more DHV-5.0
NS25% or more DHV but less than 75% DHV-5.0
Durum:
HADU75% or more HVAC-5.0
ADU60% or more HVAC but less than 75% of HVAC-5.0
Soft white:
SWHNot more than 10% white club wheat2.0
WHCBNot more than 10% of other soft white wheat2.0
WWHMore than 10% WHCB and more than 10% of other soft white wheat-3.0

(3)Grain accepted by the inspection plan. Grain which is offered for inspection as part of a single lot and accepted by a statistical acceptance sampling and inspection plan according to the provisions of this section and procedures prescribed in the instructions shall be certificated as a single lot provided it was sampled in a reasonably continuous operation. Official factor and official criteria information shown on the certificate shall be based on the weighted or mathematical averages of the analysis of sublots.
(4)Grain rejected by the inspection plan. When grain which is offered for inspection as part of a single lot is rejected by the plan or is not sampled in a reasonably continuous operation, the grain in each portion shall be certificated separately. If any portion of grain is not accepted by the plan and designated a material portion, the applicant shall be promptly notified and have the option of:
(i) Removing the material portion from the carrier; or
(ii) Requesting the material portion be separately certificated; or
(iii) Requesting either a reinspection or an appeal inspection of the material portion; or
(iv) Requesting a reinspection service and/or an appeal inspection service on the entire lot.
(5)Reinspection service and appeal inspection service. A reinspection or an appeal inspection may be requested on a material portion. A Board appeal inspection may also be requested on a material portion after the reinspection or appeal inspection. A reinspection, an appeal inspection, and a Board appeal inspection may be requested on the total sublots in the lot.
(i)Material portions. A material portion designated by the plan may be reinspected or appeal inspected once in the field, but not both, and once at the Board of Appeals and Review. The reinspection or appeal inspection result shall, unless a material error is found, be averaged with the original inspection determination. The Board appeal inspection result shall, unless a material error is found, be averaged with the previous inspection result. The inspection plan tolerances shall be reapplied to the material portion grain to determine acceptance or rejection. If a material error is found, the reinspection or appeal inspection result shall replace the original inspection result or the Board appeal result shall replace the previous inspection result. For purposes of this section, a material error is defined as results differing by more than two standard deviations. Acceptance or rejection of that portion of grain shall be based on the reinspection or appeal inspection and on the Board appeal inspection result alone when a material error is found.
(ii)Entire lot. The applicant may request a reinspection service, an appeal inspection service, and a Board appeal inspection service on the entire lot. Inspection results for these services shall replace the previous inspection results. The tolerances shall be reapplied to all portions of the entire lot to determine acceptance or rejection.
(d)Infested grain -
(1)Available options. If gain or any portion of grain in a single shiplot, unit train, or lash barge lot is found to be infested, according to the provisions of the Official U.S. Standards for Grain, the applicant shall be promptly notified and have the option of:
(i) Unloading the portion of infested grain from the lot and an additional amount of other grain in common stowage with the infested grain; or
(ii) When applicable, completing the loading and treating all infested grain in the lot; or
(iii) When applicable, treating the infested grain for the purpose of destroying the insects, subject to subsequent examination by official personnel; or
(iv) Continue loading without treating the infested grain, in which case all of the infested grain in the lot and all grain in common stowage areas with the infested grain will be officially certificated as infested according to the provisions of the Official U.S. Standards for Grain.
(2)Exception. If infested grain in loaded into common stowage with a lot, or a portion of a lot, which has not been officially certificated as being infested, the applicant loading the infested grain may not use the option in paragraph (d)(1)(i) of this section.
(3)With treatment. If infested grain is treated with a fumigant in accordance with the instructions and the treatment is witnessed by official personnel, the official sampling, inspection, grading, and certification of the lot shall continue as though the infested condition did not exist.
(e)Special certification procedures -
(1)Rejected grain. When grain is rejected by the inspection plan under paragraph (c)(4) of this section, the official inspection certificate for each different portion of different quality shall show:
(i) A statement that the grain has been loaded aboard with grain of other quality;
(ii) The grade, location, or other identification and approximate quanity of grain in the portions; and
(iii) Other information required by the regulations and the instructions.

The requirement of paragraph (e)(1)(i) of this section does not apply to grain that is inspected as it is unloaded from the carrier or to portions loaded in separate carriers or stowage space.

(2)Common stowage.
(i)Without separation. When bulk grain is offered for official inspection as it is loaded aboard a ship and is loaded without separation in a stowage area with other grain or another commodity, the official inspection certificate for the grain in each lot shall show the kind, the grade, if known, and the location of the other grain, or the kind and location of the other commodity in the adjacent lots.
(ii)With separation. When separations are laid between lots, the official inspection certificates shall show the kind of material used in the separations and the locations of the separations in relation to each lot.
(iii)Exception. The common stowage requirements of this paragraph are not applicable to the first lot in a stowage area unless a second lot is loaded, in whole or in part, in the stowage area prior to issuing the official inspection certificate for the first lot.
(3)Protein. A special statement indicating the actual protein range of a lot shall be shown on the official inspection certificate if the difference between the lowest and highest protein determinations for the lot exceeds 1.0 percent when protein is officially determined and a specific range limit is not established by the contract grade.
(4)Part lot. If part of a lot of grain in an inbound carrier is unloaded and part is left in the carrier, the unloaded grain shall be officially inspected and certificated in accordance with the provisions of § 800.84(g) .
(5)Official mark. If the grain in a single lot is officially inspected for grade as it is being loaded, upon request, the following official mark shall be shown on the inspection certificate: "Loaded under continuous official inspection."

7 C.F.R. §800.86

55 FR 24042, June 13, 1990; 55 FR 46131, Nov. 1, 1990, as amended at 56 FR 4675, Feb. 5, 1991; 57 FR 58965, 58970, Dec. 14, 1992; 61 FR 18490, Apr. 26, 1996; 63 FR 20056, Apr. 23, 1998; 64 FR 6783, Feb. 11, 1999; 71 FR 52405, Sept. 6, 2006; 71 FR 77853, Dec. 27, 2006; 73 FR 39732, July 20, 2007; 82 FR 20543, May 3, 2017
82 FR 20543, 8/1/2018; 88 FR 45056, 9/1/2023