Where:
c = power-specific carbon mass absolute error coefficient = 0.007 g/kW.
Pmax = maximum power from the engine map generated according to § 1065.510 . If measured Pmax is not available, use a manufacturer-declared value for Pmax.
Example:
c = 0.007 g/kW
= 230.0 kW
= 0.007 · 230.0
= 1.610 g
Where:
d = power-specific carbon mass rate absolute error coefficient = 0.31 g/(kW·hr).
Pmax = maximum power from the engine map generated according to § 1065.510 . If measured Pmax is not available, use a manufacturer-declared value for Pmax.
Example:
d = 0.31 g/(kW·hr)
= 230.0 kW
= 0.31.230.0
= 71.300 g/hr
Table 1 of § 1065.543 -Troubleshooting Guide for Carbon Balance Error Verification
Area of concern | Problem | Recommended corrective action |
Gas analyzer system | Incorrect analyzer calibration | Calibrate NDIR and THC analyzers. |
Incorrect time alignment between flow and concentration data | Determine transformation time, t50, for continuous gas analyzers and time-align flow and concentration data as described in § 1065.650(c)(2)(i) . | |
Problems with the sample system | Inspect sample system components such as sample lines, filters, chillers, and pumps for leaks, operating temperature, and contamination. | |
Fuel flow measurement | Zero shift of fuel flow rate meter | Perform an in-situ zero adjustment. |
Change in fuel flow meter calibration | Calibrate the fuel flow meter as described in § 1065.320 . | |
Incorrect time alignment of fuel flow data | Verify alignment of carbon mass in and carbon mass out data streams. | |
Short sampling periods | For test intervals with varying duration, such as discrete-mode steady-state duty cycles, make the test intervals longer to improve accuracy when measuring low fuel flow rates. | |
Fluctuations in the fuel conditioning system | Improve stability of the fuel temperature and pressure conditioning system to improve accuracy when measuring low fuel flow rates. | |
Dilute testing using a CVS system | Leaks | Inspect exhaust system and CVS tunnel, connections, and fasteners. Repair or replace components as needed. A leak in the exhaust transfer tube to the CVS may result in negative values for carbon balance error. |
Poor mixing | Perform the verification related to mixing in § 1065.341(f) . | |
Change in CVS calibration | Calibrate the CVS flow meter as described in § 1065.340 . | |
Flow meter entrance effects | Inspect the CVS tunnel to determine whether entrance effects from the piping configuration upstream of the flow meter adversely affect flow measurement. | |
Other problems with the CVS or sampling verification hardware or software | Inspect hardware and software for the CVS system and CVS verification system for discrepancies. | |
Raw testing using intake air flow measurement or direct exhaust flow measurement | Leaks | Inspect intake air and exhaust systems, connections, fasteners. Repair or replace components as needed. |
Zero shift of intake air flow rate meter | Perform an in-situ zero adjustment. | |
Change in intake air flow meter calibration | Calibrate the intake air flow meter as described in § 1065.325 . | |
Zero shift of exhaust flow rate meter | Perform an in-situ zero adjustment. | |
Change in exhaust flow meter calibration | Calibrate the exhaust flow meter as described in § 1065.330 . | |
Flow meter entrance effects | Inspect intake air and exhaust systems to determine whether entrance effects from the piping configuration upstream and downstream of the intake air flow meter or the exhaust flow meter adversely affect flow measurement. | |
Other problems with the intake air flow and exhaust flow measurement hardware or software | Look for discrepancies in the hardware and software for measuring intake air flow and exhaust flow. | |
Poor mixing | Ensure that all streams are well mixed. | |
Accuracy of fluid properties | Inaccurate fluid properties | If defaults are used, use measured values. If measured values are used, verify fluid property determination. |
40 C.F.R. §1065.543