40 C.F.R. § 1036.705

Current through October 31, 2024

Section 1036.705 - Generating and calculating emission credits

(a) The provisions of this section apply separately for calculating emission credits for each pollutant.

(b) For each participating family, calculate positive or negative emission credits relative to the otherwise applicable emission standard. Calculate positive emission credits for a family that has an FEL/FCL below the standard. Calculate negative emission credits for a family that has an FEL/FCL above the standard. Sum your positive and negative credits for the model year before rounding.

(1) Calculate emission credits to the nearest megagram (Mg) for each family or subfamily using the following equation:

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Where:

Std = the emission standard, in (mg NO_X)/hp·hr or (g CO₂)/hp·hr, that applies under subpart B of this part for engines not participating in the ABT program of this subpart (the "otherwise applicable standard").

FL = the engine family's FEL for NO_X, in mg/hp·hr, and FCL for CO₂, in g/hp·hr, rounded to the same number of decimal places as the emission standard.

CF = a transient cycle conversion factor (hp·hr/mile), calculated by dividing the total (integrated) horsepower-hour over the applicable duty cycle by 6.3 miles for engines subject to spark-ignition standards and 6.5 miles for engines subject to compression-ignition standards. This represents the average work performed over the duty cycle. See paragraph (b)(3) of this section for provisions that apply for CO_2.

Volume = the number of engines eligible to participate in the averaging, banking, and trading program within the given engine family or subfamily during the model year, as described in paragraph (c) of this section.

UL = the useful life for the standard that applies for a given primary intended service class, in miles.

c = use 10^-6 for CO₂ and 10^-9 for NO_X.

Example for Model Year 2025 Heavy HDE Generating CO₂ Credits for a Model Year 2028 Heavy HDE:

Std = 432 g/hp·hr

FL = 401 g/hp·hr

CF = 9.78 hp·hr/mile

Volume = 15,342

UL = 435,000 miles

c = 10^-6

Emission credits = (432 - 401) · 9.78 · 15,342 · 435,000 · 10^-6

Emission credits = 28,131,142 Mg

(2) [Reserved]

(3) The following additional provisions apply for calculating CO₂ credits:

(i) For engine families certified to both the vocational and tractor engine standards, calculate credits separately for the vocational engines and the tractor engines. We may allow you to use statistical methods to estimate the total production volumes where a small fraction of the engines cannot be tracked precisely.

(ii) Calculate the transient cycle conversion factor for vocational engines based on the average of vocational engine configurations weighted by their production volumes. Similarly, calculate the transient cycle conversion factor for tractor engines based on the average of tractor engine configurations weighted by their production volumes. Note that calculating the transient cycle conversion factor for tractors requires you to use the conversion factor even for engines certified to standards based on the SET duty cycle.

(iii) The FCL for CO₂ is based on measurement over the FTP duty cycle for vocational engines and over the SET duty cycle for tractor engines.

(4) You may not generate emission credits for tractor engines (i.e., engines not certified to the transient cycle for CO₂) installed in vocational vehicles (including vocational tractors certified under 40 CFR 1037.630 or exempted under 40 CFR 1037.631 ). We will waive this provision where you demonstrate that less than five percent of the engines in your tractor family were installed in vocational vehicles. For example, if you know that 96 percent of your tractor engines were installed in non-vocational tractors but cannot determine the vehicle type for the remaining four percent, you may generate credits for all the engines in the family.

(5) You may generate CO₂ emission credits from a model year 2021 or later medium heavy-duty engine family subject to spark-ignition standards for exchanging with other engine families only if the engines in the family are gasoline-fueled. You may generate CO₂ credits from non-gasoline engine families only for the purpose of offsetting CH₄ and/or N₂O emissions within the same engine family as described in paragraph (d) of this section.

(c) Compliance with the requirements of this subpart is determined at the end of the model year by calculating emission credits based on actual production volumes, excluding the following engines:

(1) Engines that you do not certify to the CO₂ standards of this part because they are permanently exempted under subpart G of this part or under 40 CFR part 1068.

(2) Exported engines.

(3) Engines not subject to the requirements of this part, such as those excluded under § 1036.5 . For example, do not include engines used in vehicles certified to the greenhouse gas standards of 40 CFR 86.1819.

(4) Engines certified to state emission standards that are different than the emission standards referenced in this section, and intended for sale in a state that has adopted those emission standards.

(5) Any other engines if we indicate elsewhere in this part that they are not to be included in the calculations of this subpart.

(d) You may use CO₂ emission credits to show compliance with CH₄ and/or N₂O FELs instead of the otherwise applicable emission standards. To do this, calculate the CH₄ and/or N₂O emission credits needed (negative credits) using the equation in paragraph (b) of this section, using the FEL(s) you specify for your engines during certification instead of the FCL. You must use 34 Mg of positive CO₂ credits to offset 1 Mg of negative CH₄ credits for model year 2021 and later engines, and you must use 25 Mg of positive CO₂ credits to offset 1 Mg of negative CH₄ credits for earlier engines. You must use 298 Mg of positive CO₂ credits to offset 1 Mg of negative N₂O credits.

40 C.F.R. §1036.705

88 FR 4487 , Jan. 24, 2023, as amended at 89 FR 29764 , Apr. 22, 2024

81 FR 74004 , 12/27/2016; 86 FR 34403 , 7/29/2021; 88 FR 4487 , 3/27/2023; As amended at 89 FR 29764 , 6/21/2024