40 C.F.R. § 98.453

Current through November 30, 2024

Section 98.453 - Calculating GHG emissions

(a) For each electrical equipment manufacturer or refurbisher, estimate the annual SF₆ and PFC emissions using the mass-balance approach in Equation SS-1 of this section:

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where:

Decrease in SF₆ Inventory = (Pounds of SF₆ stored in containers at the beginning of the year) - (Pounds of SF₆ stored in containers at the end of the year).

Acquisitions of SF₆ = (Pounds of SF₆ purchased from chemical producers or suppliers in bulk) + (Pounds of SF₆ returned by equipment users) + (Pounds of SF₆ returned to site after off-site recycling).

Disbursements of SF₆ = (Pounds of SF₆ contained in new equipment delivered to customers) + (Pounds of SF₆ delivered to equipment users in containers) + (Pounds of SF₆ returned to suppliers) + (Pounds of SF₆ sent off site for recycling) + (Pounds of SF₆ sent off-site for destruction).

(b) Use the mass-balance method in paragraph (a) of this section to estimate emissions of PFCs associated with the manufacture or refurbishment of power transformers, substituting the relevant PFC(s) for SF₆ in Equation SS-1 of this section.

(c) Estimate the disbursements of SF₆ or PFCs sent to customers in new equipment or cylinders or sent off-site for other purposes including for recycling, for destruction or to be returned to suppliers using Equation SS-2 of this section:

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where:

D_GHG = The annual disbursement of SF₆ or PFCs sent to customers in new equipment or cylinders or sent off-site for other purposes including for recycling, for destruction or to be returned to suppliers.

Q_p = The mass of the SF₆ or PFCs charged into equipment or containers over the period p sent to customers or sent off-site for other purposes including for recycling, for destruction or to be returned to suppliers.

n = The number of periods in the year.

(d) Estimate the mass of SF₆ or PFCs disbursed to customers in new equipment or cylinders over the period p by monitoring the mass flow of the SF₆ or PFCs into the new equipment or cylinders using a flowmeter, or by weighing containers before and after gas from containers is used to fill equipment or cylinders, or by using the nameplate capacity of the equipment.

(e) If the mass of SF₆ or the PFC disbursed to customers in new equipment or cylinders over the period p is estimated by weighing containers before and after gas from containers is used to fill equipment or cylinders, estimate this quantity using Equation SS-3 of this section:

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where:

Q_p = The mass of SF₆ or the PFC charged into equipment or containers over the period p sent to customers or sent off-site for other purposes including for recycling, for destruction or to be returned to suppliers.

M_B = The mass of the contents of the containers used to fill equipment or cylinders at the beginning of period p.

M_E = The mass of the contents of the containers used to fill equipment or cylinders at the end of period p.

E_{L =} The mass of SF₆ or the PFC emitted during the period p downstream of the containers used to fill equipment or cylinders and in cases where a flowmeter is used, downstream of the flowmeter during the period p (e.g., emissions from hoses or other flow lines that connect the container to the equipment or cylinder that is being filled).

(f) If the mass of SF₆ or the PFC disbursed to customers in new equipment or cylinders over the period p is determined using a flowmeter, estimate this quantity using Equation SS-4 of this section:

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where:

Q_p = The mass of SF₆ or the PFC charged into equipment or containers over the period p sent to customers or sent off-site for other purposes including for recycling, for destruction or to be returned to suppliers.

M_mr = The mass of the SF₆ or the PFC that has flowed through the flowmeter during the period p.

E_{L =} The mass of SF₆ or the PFC emitted during the period p downstream of the containers used to fill equipment or cylinders and in cases where a flowmeter is used, downstream of the flowmeter during the period p (e.g., emissions from hoses or other flow lines that connect the container to the equipment that is being filled).

(g) Estimate the mass of SF₆ or the PFC emitted during the period p downstream of the containers used to fill equipment or cylinders (e.g., emissions from hoses or other flow lines that connect the container to the equipment or cylinder that is being filled) using Equation SS-5 of this section:

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where:

E_L = The mass of SF₆ or the PFC emitted during the period p downstream of the containers used to fill equipment or cylinders and in cases where a flowmeter is used, downstream of the flowmeter during the period p (e.g., emissions from hoses or other flow lines that connect the container to the equipment or cylinder that is being filled)

F_Ci = The total number of fill operations over the period p for the valve-hose combination Ci.

EF_Ci = The emission factor for the valve-hose combination Ci.

n = The number of different valve-hose combinations C used during the period p.

(h) If the mass of SF₆ or the PFC disbursed to customers in new equipment or cylinders over the period p is determined by using the nameplate capacity, or by using the nameplate capacity of the equipment and calculating the partial shipping charge, use the methods in either paragraph (h)(1) or (h)(2) of this section.

(1) Determine the equipment's actual nameplate capacity, by measuring the nameplate capacities of a representative sample of each make and model and calculating the mean value for each make and model as specified at § 98.454(f) .

(2) If equipment is shipped with a partial charge, calculate the partial shipping charge by multiplying the nameplate capacity of the equipment by the ratio of the densities of the partial charge to the full charge.

(i) Estimate the annual SF₆ and PFC emissions from the equipment that is installed at an off-site electric power transmission or distribution location before the title to the equipment is transferred by using Equation SS-6 of this section:

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where:

EI = Total annual SF₆ or PFC emissions from equipment installation at electric transmission or distribution facilities.

MF = The total annual mass of the SF6 or PFCs, in pounds, used to fill equipment during equipment installation at electric transmission or distribution facilities.

MC = The total annual mass of the SF₆ or PFCs, in pounds, used to charge the equipment prior to leaving the electrical equipment manufacturer facility.

NI = The total annual nameplate capacity of the equipment, in pounds, installed at electric transmission or distribution facilities.

40 C.F.R. §98.453

75 FR 75078 , Dec. 1, 2010, as amended at 78 FR 71979 , Nov. 29, 2013